中国查明铁矿资源储量的数量、 分布及保障程度分析

以中国2005年的铁矿资源储量库为基础, 以辽宁、河北、四川、山西、内蒙、北京、安徽、山东、湖北9省(市、区)为重点, 分析总结了我国查明铁矿区、累计查明铁资源储量和铁保有资源储量的数量和分布特点、占有情况及保障程度。结果表明：我国铁矿保有资源储量大, 在数量上是可以保障钢铁工业的需求的;这些保有资源储量中的大多数选矿容易, 开采利用在技术上是可行的;虽然我国铁矿资源总体上属贫矿, 但在当前市场价格如此之高的情况下, 开采利用是经济的。为了缓解目前铁矿石市场供不应求的局面, 减少对外依存度, 建议加大国内矿山开发力度, 提高铁矿石产量, 重点在辽宁鞍山?本溪地区、河北冀东?密云地区、四川西昌?攀枝花地区、安徽宁芜地区扩大采选能力。     

Occurrence of the Iron–rich Melt in the Heijianshan Iron Deposit, Eastern Tianshan, NW China: Insights into the Origin of Volcanic Rock–hosted Iron Deposits

Long-standing controversy persists over the presence and role of iron–rich melts in the formation of volcanic rock-hosted iron deposits. Conjugate iron–rich and silica–rich melt inclusions observed in thin-sections are considered as direct evidence for the presence of iron-rich melt, yet unequivocal outcrop-scale evidence of iron-rich melts are still lacking in volcanic rock-hosted iron deposits. Submarine volcanic rock-hosted iron deposits, which are mainly distributed in the western and eastern Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang, are important resources of iron ores in China, but it remains unclear whether iron-rich melts have played a role in the mineralization of such iron ores. In this study, we observed abundant iron-rich agglomerates in the brecciated andesite lava of the Heijianshan submarine volcanic rock–hosted iron deposit, Eastern Tianshan, China. The iron-rich agglomerates occur as irregular and angular masses filling fractures of the host brecciated andesite lava. They show concentric potassic alteration with silicification or epidotization rims, indicative of their formation after the wall rocks. The iron-rich agglomerates have porphyritic and hyalopilitic textures, and locally display chilled margins in the contact zone with the host rocks. These features cannot be explained by hydrothermal replacement of wall rocks(brecciated andesite lava) which is free of vesicle and amygdale, rather they indicate direct crystallization of the iron-rich agglomerates from iron-rich melts. We propose that the iron-rich agglomerates were formed by open-space filling of volatile-rich iron-rich melt in fractures of the brecciated andesite lava. The iron-rich agglomerates are compositionally similar to the wall-rock brecciated andesite lava, but have much larger variation. Based on mineral assemblages, the iron-rich agglomerates are subdivided into five types, i.e., albite-magnetite type, albite-K-feldsparmagnetite type, K-feldspar–magnetite type, epidote-magnetite type and quartz-magnetite type, representing that products formed at different stages during the evolution of a magmatic-hydrothermal system. The albite-magnetite type represents the earliest crystallization product from a residual ironrich melt; the albite-K-feldspar-magnetite and K-feldspar-magnetite types show features of magmatichydrothermal transition, whereas the epidote-magnetite and quartz-magnetite types represent products of hydrothermal alteration. The occurrence of iron-rich agglomerates provides macroscopic evidence for the presence of iron-rich melts in the mineralization of the Heijianshan iron deposit. It also indicates that iron mineralization of submarine volcanic rock-hosted iron deposits is genetically related to hydrothermal fluids derived from iron-rich melts.     

中国BIF型铁矿床地质特征和资源远景

BIF型铁矿床是中国最重要的铁矿床类型,占全国总查明资源储量55.2％.BIF型铁矿床主要分布在华北陆块,其次在扬子陆块.在华北陆块鞍山—本溪,密怀—冀东,五台—吕梁矿集区中铁矿床尤为集中,约占全国铁总探明储量41.5％.BIF型铁矿床在古太古代、中太古代、新太古代、古元古代和新元古代均有产出,但主要在新太古代—古元古...     

攀西铁矿成矿带地质矿产特征及找矿方向

本文通过对攀西地区区域地质、区域矿产特征的分析,综合地球物理、遥感解译资料,共划分出4个找矿远景区：冕宁泸沽一喜德登相营富铁矿找矿远景区、盐源矿山梁子-牛厂富铁矿找矿远景区、太和一攀枝花钒钛磁铁矿远景区、西昌德昌兴隆．会理龙泉铁矿远景区。指出远景区内岩浆晚期分异型铁矿床、火山沉积变质型铁矿床等为主攻矿种。     

新疆东昆仑西段铁矿预测区的圈定及资源量估算-基于ArcGIS平台

研究区属华北板块的柴达木地块的早古生代陆缘活动带（祁曼塔格裂陷槽）,即祁漫塔格早古生代岩浆型被动陆缘。本文基于ArcGIS平台,通过建立研究区铁矿资源潜力评价模型,以沉积变质型铁矿为例,对新疆东昆仑西段的铁矿资源进行预测区的圈定,并对圈定的靶区进行优选。由于沉积变质型铁矿主要与沉积地层、岩石分布状况有关,总结出本研究区沉积变质型铁矿主要控矿因素包括沉积地层、Fe元素异常、岩石组合等。本文选取（1）沉积地层、（2）Fe元素异常这两个方面的证据图层对研究区铁矿资源进行预测,共固定了3个沉积变质型预测区,其中A类1处,C类2处。在成矿区带圈定的基础上,估计区带内未发现矿床的个数;对预测区矿点的分布、品位、矿石量（吨位）的分布特征进行模拟,来获得资源量的估算,对研究区铁矿资源潜力做出快速、准确的评价。此次研究表明新疆东昆仑西段具有一定的铁矿资源潜力。     

Characterization of corrosion products in the permeable reactive barriers

 The impact of geochemical processes and microbial activity has been a major concern for the long-term performance of reactive iron barriers because corrosion products and precipitates during the water treatment with reactive materials will decrease the reactivity and permeability of the iron bed. This study characterizes corrosion products in reactive iron barrier as well as evaluates the effect of the iron corrosion products and precipitates on iron wall performance during contaminated-water treatment under varying conditions. Major phases in the reactive iron barrier include iron oxides, carbonates, iron sulfides, and elemental sulfur, depending on the degree of iron oxidation, groundwater chemistry, and microbial activity. Detailed geochemical and mineralogical characteristics are imperative for long-range predictions of the reactive iron wall performance on water treatment because the surface coating materials reduce the effectiveness of the zero-valent iron media. Received: 17 September 1999 · Accepted: 11 April 2000     

华北陆块铁矿床地质特征和资源潜力展望

华北陆块是我国重要铁矿资源的分布区,铁矿石主要开采区,也是我国钢铁工业的重要分布区。区内保有铁矿资源储量299.48亿吨,占全国总资源储量51.94%。区内各省市的铁矿资源分布极不均匀,以辽宁、河北、山西三省铁矿资源最为集中,其资源储量达220.26亿吨,占全区总铁矿资源储量75.55%。区内矿床类型较为齐全,主要的有(火山)沉积变质型铁矿床、接触交代型铁矿床、岩浆型铁矿床、复合成矿作用型铁矿床、沉积型铁矿床、热液型铁矿床、海相火山岩型铁矿床等,其中以(火山)沉积变质型铁矿床最为重要,其资源储量占全区总资源储量84.02%;其次为邯邢式接触交代型铁矿床,资源储量占全区总资源储量6.19%。该区铁矿床从太古宙到新生代都有产出,但不同地质时期产出铁矿床类型和规模不尽相同,并与区内地壳演化的特征紧密相关。太古宙是区内最重要的地质时期,该时期形成铁矿资源储量占总资源储量79.87%,广泛分布在各古老结晶基底的变质岩系内。其次为元古宙和中生代,它们资源储量分别占总资源储量的12.6%和7.06%。该区铁矿资源寻找的主要类型是条带状铁建造型铁矿床,其次是邯邢式。除上述两个主要类型外,各省根据各自地质特征,对河北岩浆型大庙式,山东热液型朱崖式等其它铁矿类型,也需要进行地质找矿。该区资源潜力还是较大的。     

矽卡岩型铁矿的铁质来源与迁移富集机理探讨

矽卡岩型铁矿是我国最重要的富铁矿类型,其铁质来源及迁移富集机理是目前最核心、也最具争议的问题之一。本文在矽卡岩矿床复杂性和多成因性研究的基础上,对浅部铁质活化、迁移和富集机理进行整理归纳,建立了流程图;分别探讨了不同类矽卡岩型铁矿铁质的最大可能来源,认为与中酸性侵入体有关的该类铁矿,铁质主要源于浅部侵入岩;与酸性侵入体有关的该类铁矿,矿床附近的原始赋铁层位可能提供了大量铁质。但并非所有与酸性岩有关的此类铁床附近都存在赋铁地层,故本文对铁质深部来源的可能性进行了探讨,结合"岩浆矽卡岩-富碱侵入岩对"的概念,提出了全新的深部铁质活化、运移和富集的可能模式,即深部岩浆同化钙质岩石融离出的富铁矿浆上升并运移到浅部侵入岩与碳酸盐岩的接触带附近,与该系统中的热液相遇并反应,热液吸收矿浆中的铁质生成富铁的复合热液,后复合热液在接触带因物理化学条件的剧变而沉淀成矿。     

新疆乌恰炼铁厂地区铁矿床特征及成因分析

新疆乌恰炼铁厂地区石炭系碳酸盐岩建造中发育多处小型铁矿,这些铁矿床多受断层或构造裂隙控制,按照矿石矿物组构特征可划分为红山镜铁矿型铁矿和萨热塔什磁铁矿型铁矿,红山镜铁矿型铁矿石主要由镜铁矿、方解石和白云石等组成,萨热塔什铁矿石主要由磁铁矿、镜铁矿、黄铁矿和方解石、石英等组成。本文对两类铁矿床中的岩（矿）石进行了主量元素、微量元素和电子探针分析,研究认为,红山镜铁矿型铁矿和萨热塔什磁铁矿型铁矿的形成都与中石炭统康克林组碳酸盐岩沉积作用和后期构造叠加作用有关,前者成矿物质成分简单、成矿温度相对较低。后者成矿物质成分相对复杂、成矿温度也相对较高,除主要成矿物质来源于中石炭统康克林组碳酸盐岩沉积作用外,可能还有北东向深大断裂带中基性岩浆物质成分的混入。     

宁夏铁矿资源概况及成矿规律

宁夏铁矿资源相对贫乏。矿床类型有受变质型、浅成中-低温热液型、风化型、化学沉积型4类。铁矿主要分布在5个地区,即贺兰山北段和中段地区、卫宁北山地区、香山地区、烟筒山地区。其中,贺兰山北段和中段地区分布王全口式海相沉积型铁矿,卫宁北山地区、香山地区和烟筒山地区分布照壁山式热液型铁矿和火山(顾家岘式)受变质型铁矿及茶梁子式风化壳型铁钴矿。铁矿的成矿期主要发生在中元古代长城纪、燕山期和第四纪3个时期。     

几内亚福雷卡里亚YML铁矿区的富铁矿床地质特征及找矿前景探讨

YML铁矿区位于几内亚福雷卡里亚省,富铁矿以条带状赤铁矿和铁角砾岩矿为主。矿区内共发育7条矿体,条带状赤铁矿体6条,铁角砾岩矿体1条。条带状赤铁矿体赋存部位多为向形地段,次级紧密褶皱发育,沿走向和倾向有逐渐变薄和尖灭的趋势;铁角砾岩矿体覆盖于地表,以风化壳的形式出现。矿床类型属复合类型,即海底热液喷气沉积叠加后期构造变质型+风化淋滤型。该区具备铁矿形成和保存的地质条件,且已发现具一定储量、品位较高的条带状赤铁矿和大面积的铁角砾岩分布区,区内铁矿找矿远景较好。     

龙门山地区北川石沟里泥盆系养马坝组铁质鲕粒沉积及其环境分析

龙门山地区中泥盆统养马坝组铁质鲕粒是我国"宁乡式"鲕粒赤铁矿矿床重要铁质赋存形式。为查明龙门山地区泥盆系铁质鲕粒的沉积环境和成因机制,以甘溪石沟里剖面精细实测为基础,通过薄片鉴定和扫描电镜分析,对铁质鲕粒的沉积特征进行了详细研究。研究结果表明:龙门山地区甘溪石沟里泥盆系养马坝组铁质富集于生屑灰岩、鲕粒生屑灰岩和生屑鲕粒灰岩,呈层状或透镜状夹于粉砂质泥岩和泥岩中。铁质鲕粒是重要的铁质赋存载体,类型多样,根据鲕粒成分可将其划分为灰泥鲕粒、绿泥石鲕粒、铁化鲕粒和铁质鲕粒4种类型。龙门山地区石沟里剖面养马坝组铁质鲕粒沉积于有障壁海岸的潟湖环境中,根据鲕粒的纵横向分布特征,建立了有障壁海岸铁质鲕粒的成因分布模式,从障积滩外侧、障积滩内侧到潟湖,依次发育灰泥鲕粒、铁化鲕粒、绿泥石真鲕、绿泥石薄皮鲕和铁质鲕粒。     

Iron–phosphorus relationship in the iron and phosphorite ores of Egypt

Iron and phosphorite ores are very common in the geological record of Egypt and exploitable for economic purposes. In some cases these deposits belong together to the same geographic and geologic setting. The most common deposits include phosphorites, glauconites, and iron ores. Phosphorites are widely distributed as a belt in the central and southern part of Egypt. Sedimentary iron ores include oolitic ironstone of Aswan area and karstified iron ore of Bahria Oasis. Glauconites occur in the Western Desert associated with phosphorites and iron ores. As these ores are exploitable and phosphorus in iron ores and iron in phosphorites are considered as gangue elements, the iron–phosphorus relationship is examined in these deposits to clarify their modes of occurrences and genetic relationship based on previously published results.Phosphorus occurs mainly as carbonate fluorapatite (francolite). Iron, on the other hand, occurs in different mineralogical forms such as glauconites, hematite, limonite and goethite.In P-rich rocks (phosphorites) no relationship is observed between iron and phosphorus, which in turn indicates that the FeP model is unlikely to interpret the origin of the late Cretaceous phosphorites and the association of phosphorites and glauconites in Egypt. In Fe-rich rocks (iron ores and glauconites) also no relationship between iron and phosphorus is observed. The present work, therefore, does not support the hypothesis that there is a genetic relationship between phosphorus and iron in sedimentary rocks.     

The effects of pH, ionic strength, and iron-fulvic acid interactions on the kinetics of non-photochemical iron transformations. II. The kinetics of thermal reduction

A combination of flow-injection analysis and kinetic analysis was used to examine the speciation of iron(II) and iron(III) in fulvic acid solutions as a function of pH, ionic strength, and time. This methodology was used to follow a shift in iron speciation from faster to slower reacting species over a timescale of several days. This speciation data shows that both iron(II) and iron(III)-fulvic acid complexes are important iron species in humic-containing natural waters and that their amounts and their rates of transformation to colloidal iron are controlled primarily by the kinetics of thermal (dark) reduction and iron(II) oxidation. The kinetic analysis methodology also yielded the rate constants for the thermal reduction of iron by the fulvic acid. These rate constants decrease with increasing pH and are independent of ionic strength. While thermal reduction was found to be too slow to produce large amounts of steady state iron(II) at circumneutral pH, it does provide a mechanism for iron redox cycling in the absence of photochemical or biochemical processes.     

郭山高岭土铁钛赋存状态的分析电子显微术研究

使用分析电子显微术对福建郭山高岭土中铁、钛元素的赋存状态进行了研究。结果表明,高岭土中铁钛的赋存状态分为两类,一类为参加到粘土矿物晶格中的铁和钛,简称为结构铁、结构钛;另一类为游离出现或吸附在高岭矿物(高岭石和埃洛石)颗粒表面的铁、钛矿物。查明了在全铁和全钛中,结构铁和结构钛仅占少数,大部分以铁、钛独立矿物形式出现。从而确定了可将高岭土粘粒级(<2μm)中铁、钛含量降低到的最低限度,这便为提高高岭土品级和经济价值提供了可靠的依据。     

宁芜盆地卧儿岗铁矿成矿地质特征及找矿方向探讨

[摘 要] 本文在分析研究卧儿岗铁矿成矿地质背景和矿床地质特征的基础上,探讨了宁芜盆地卧 儿岗铁矿的控矿因素和找矿方向。卧儿岗铁矿位于宁芜断陷盆地NW 向和NNE 向断裂的交汇部位,矿 体主要赋存在浅成、超浅成侵入的辉石闪长玢岩体顶部,严格受岩体制约,认为该矿床属于玢岩型铁矿。 指出在卧儿岗铁矿深部仍有较大找矿空间,在宁芜断陷盆地NW 向和NNE 向断裂构造交汇处,并且发 育有辉石闪长玢岩的部位是寻找玢岩铁矿的有利部位。     

The Major Ore Clusters of Super-Large Iron Deposits in the World,Present Situation of Iron Resources in China,and Prospect

Abstract: The metamorphosed sedimentary type of iron deposits (BIF) is the most important type of iron deposits in the world, and super-large iron ore clusters of this type include the Quadrilatero Ferrifero district and Carajas in Brazil, Hamersley in Australia, Kursk in Russia, Central Province of India and Anshan-Benxi in China. Subordinated types of iron deposits are magmatic, volcanic-hosted and sedimentary ones. This paper briefly introduces the geological characteristics of major super-large iron ore clusters in the world. The proven reserves of iron ores in China are relatively abundant, but they are mainly low-grade ores. Moreover, a considerate part of iron ores are difficult to utilize for their difficult ore dressing, deep burial or other reasons. Iron ore deposits are relatively concentrated in 11 metallogenic provinces (belts), such as the Anshan-Benxi, eastern Hebei, Xichang-Central Yunnan Province and middle-lower reaches of Yangtze River. The main minerogenetic epoches vary widely from the Archean to Quaternary, and are mainly the Late Archean to Middle Proterozoic, Variscan, and Yanshanian periods. The main 7 genetic types of iron deposits in China are metamorphosed sedimentary type (BIF), magmatic type, volcanic-hosted type, skarn type, hydrothermal type, sedimentary type and weathered leaching type. The iron-rich ores occur predominantly in the skarn and marine volcanic-hosted iron deposits, locally in the metamorphosed sedimentary type (BIF) as hydrothermal reformation products. The theory of minerogenetic series of mineral deposits and minerogenic models has applied in investigation and prospecting of iron ore deposits. A combination of deep analyses of aeromagnetic anomalies and geomagnetic anomalies, with gravity anomalies are an effective method to seeking large and deep-buried iron deposits. China has a relatively great ore-searching potential of iron ores, especially for metamorphosed sedimentary, skarn, and marine volcanic-hosted iron deposits. For the lower guarantee degree of iron and steel industry, China should give a trading and open the foreign mining markets.     

西藏措勤隆格尔铁矿岩体成岩时代及其地质意义

西藏措勤县的隆格尔铁矿位于拉萨地块隆格尔-工布江达弧背断隆带的西段,是冈底斯西段中生代矽卡岩型铁矿中重要的矿床之一。野外和室内工作表明,隆格尔铁矿床属矽卡岩型铁矿,与成矿有关的岩体为粗粒二长花岗岩。因此,本文通过对隆格尔铁矿成矿岩体的LA_ICP_MS和SHRIMP锆石U_Pb定年来探讨其成矿时代。分析结果表明:隆格尔粗粒二长花岗岩年龄为115.5±2.1 Ma,可近似代表铁成矿年龄。隆格尔铁矿与其东侧同处于同一构造单元内的尼雄铁矿床成岩成矿年龄为110~116 Ma,两者间的洛布勒铁矿床的成岩成矿年龄为111.3±1.6 Ma。这些铁矿床处于相同的构造单元,具相似的成矿特征和相近的成岩成矿年龄,构成一条东西向展布的早白垩世矽卡岩型铁矿成矿带,并可能向西延伸包括帮部勒、龙认拉、查加寺等矽卡岩型铁矿床。该带上还发育有晚白垩世的矽卡岩型铜金矿床,如日阿铜金矿床,成矿年龄均为87 Ma。因此,这一成矿带应当具有相同或相似的地质背景和构造-岩浆演化过程。隆格尔铁矿床乃至整个成矿带成铁的岩浆活动可能与洋壳断离前的板片回卷过程相关,成铜金的岩浆活动可能与洋壳断离过程相关,而矿区内石英闪长岩的侵入处于两者之间。     

南京地区梅山、凤凰山铁矿尾矿利用探讨

介绍梅山铁矿、凤凰山铁矿的尾矿特征,探讨利用澳大利亚新型重选设备进行铁矿尾矿再选的可能途径。对于降低铁矿山尾矿库存量,保护环境,合理利用资源,具有一定的意义。     

西澳大利亚中西铁矿区地质特征及找矿标志

澳大利亚是世界上铁矿石较为丰富的国家之一,已探明的铁矿石资源90％集中在西澳州哈默斯利铁成矿省和中西铁矿区。由于哈默斯利铁成矿省铁矿资源日渐枯竭,中西铁矿区已逐渐成为西澳的新兴铁矿区。基于对中西铁矿区地质特征及与世界上其它大型铁矿区（省）含铁建造成矿特征的对比,认为该矿区铁矿床的成矿类型为阿尔戈马型,太古宙的条带状含铁建造、正地形的地形地貌特征、地表分布大面积的富铁红土及磁异常是该矿区铁矿的主要找矿标志。通过对该地区投资现状的分析,提出投资建议。