基于高分光学与全极化SAR的海南八门湾红树林种间分类方法

合理的红树种间组成结构是有效发挥红树林湿地生态价值的前提,明确的红树林种间分布信息是开展红树林生态系统治理和规划工作的有效依据。针对海南八门湾红树林湿地,基于高分三号(GF-3)全极化合成孔径雷达(synthetic aperture radar,SAR)和高分六号(GF-6)多光谱遥感数据,本文提取了35个红树林遥感特征,利用极端梯度提升树(eXtremegradientboosting,XGBoost)算法开展了特征重要性排序、特征筛选和红树林种间分类实验,将其与传统的支持向量机(supportvectormachine,SVM)、随机森林(randomforest,RF)机器学习算法进行精度比较,并基于XGBoost算法进行了3种特征组合方式(优选特征、多光谱特征、全极化SAR特征)的分类精度比较,旨在探索XGBoost对红树林种间分类的适用性和光学与全极化SAR数据对红树林种间分类的能力。结果表明:1)识别红树林种类的优势特征依次为多光谱的光谱波段、极化分解参数、光谱植被指数,且仅利用前8个优选特征(绿光波段反射率G、蓝光波段反射率B、Yamaguchi面散射分量Ys、近红外波...     

基于SAR子孔径分解的海表面二维流场反演

对Radarsat-2和Sentinel-1A分别观测的两个海域的单景SAR图像进行子孔径分解,各自得到不同方位角上的两幅SAR子孔径图像。使用多普勒质心频移法分别对不同方位角的两幅SAR图像进行海流反演,并进行海流矢量合成,采用经过时空匹配的HYCOM模式数据对反演结果进行检验,结果表明：Radarsat-2观测的SAR图像分解的两幅子孔径SAR图像矢量合成后的海流与HYCOM模式数据相比,速度均方根值为0.09 m/s,相关系数为0.64;方向均方根值为10.49°,相关系数为0.78。Sentinel-1A观测的SAR图像分解的两幅子孔径SAR图像矢量合成后的海流与HYCOM模式数据相比,速度均方根值为0.06 m/s,相关系数为0.82;方向均方根值为2.85°,相关系数为0.86。由此可见,基于单景SAR分解的两幅子孔径SAR图像可以有效反演二维海流。其反演精度与雷达视向和真实海流矢量的方向有关,二者的角度越小,反演海流矢量的精度越高。     

基于极化散射特征的极化合成孔径雷达海冰分类方法研究:以渤海海冰分类为例

海冰监视监测的关键是提取海冰类型,准确提取海冰类型对于评估海冰冰情、保证航海及海洋作业安全具有重要的意义。利全极化合成孔径雷达影像(SAR)的优势,提取海冰的极化散射特征;在此基础上结合二叉树分类思想,开展极化SAR海冰类型的分类算法研究,提高SAR海冰分类精度;与传统的海冰分类方法相比较,验证了本方法的有效性。     

高分辨率全极化合成孔径雷达数据海冰二次分类方法研究

随着高分辨率全极化合成孔径雷达(synthetic aperture radar, SAR)影像的大量出现, 传统分类方法因所得分类结果中包含斑点噪声, 导致分类精度大大降低, 因而利用基于伴生关系的二次分类方法对辽东湾RADARSAT-2卫星的海冰SAR影像进行分类, 并将所得分类结果与专家解译分类结果和经典的基于H-α分解的Wishart监督分类结果进行对比, 证明本方法可以消除斑点噪声的影响, 同时具有较好的视觉效果和较高的分类精度。     

亚乙基硫脲分子键伸缩模式与全耦合模式键极化率的对比及其拉曼激发虚态的相关研究

从拉曼峰强着手,得到了键伸缩模式与全耦合模式两种不同计算条件下,亚乙基硫脲(ethylene thiourea,ETU)分子的键极化率,并比较分析了两种计算结果的异同.研究表明:在键伸缩模式的算法中,仅考虑势能分布中键对称伸缩比重相对较大的部分拉曼峰参与极化率计算,显然忽略了键伸缩与键弯曲间的相互耦合,造成了与弯曲振动耦合较强的部分键伸缩极化率值存在一定误差.因此,此方法虽能使问题简化,但却丢失了一些信息.而全耦合模式算法考虑了所有振动模式(键伸缩与键弯曲)相互影响的情况,能更全面的反映键电荷的分布情况,     

Ga和Sb纳米线声子结构和电子-声子相互作用的第一性原理研究

基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法,系统研究了Ga和Sb纳米线的电子能带结构和声子结构以及电子-声子耦合(EPC)作用.通过对声子的完整Brillouin区分析来研究纳米线的结构稳定性.结果表明,所考察的纳米线显示出不稳定性,不稳定声子波矢远离Brillouin区中心.与通常的Peierls变形机理相比,不稳定的横向声子模会导致一种无开口带隙的相变.Sb比Ga纳米线的EPC要强很多,并且横向变形导致的锯齿形结构使纳米线中的电子-声子相互作用增加了几个数量级.     

有机自旋阀的磁电阻性质研究

考虑到有机半导体中极化子和双极化子特殊的电荷-自旋关系,从自旋扩散方程和欧姆定律出发,理论研究了"铁磁/有机半导体/铁磁"有机自旋阀结构中的磁电阻性质.计算发现,磁电阻在数值上随有机半导体层中极化子比率的增加而增大,随有机半导体层厚度的增加而迅速减小.同时发现自旋相关界面电阻能在很大程度上提高系统的磁电阻.讨论了铁磁层和有机半导体电导率比率、铁磁层极化率等对系统磁电阻性质的影响.     

海洋链霉菌分离株M095遗传转化体系的建立

研究了海洋链霉菌分离株M095的基因转移系统。利用属间接合转移将具有oriT的大肠杆菌-链霉菌穿梭质粒pIJ8600转入EscherichiacoliET12567(pUZ8002)中,获得供体菌。将供体菌与预萌发的菌株M095的孢子进行接合转移,将质粒pIJ8600转入菌株M095中,其转化率为1.99×10-4个接合转化子/受体。Southern杂交证明质粒pIJ8600已经整合到菌株M095的染色体上。同时,将来自Spirulinamaxima(Cyanophyta)的别藻蓝蛋白基因(apc)克隆在质粒pIJ8600的XbaI和BglII位点,产生质粒pAPIJ。用接合转移法将质粒pAPIJ转入菌株M095。通过SDS-PAGE分析,得到2个大小为22ku和17ku的蛋白,分别相对应于别藻蓝蛋白的α和β亚基。这些结果进一步证明菌株M095的遗传转化体系已经成功建立起来,这将为其他海洋放线菌遗传转化工作的研究奠定基础。     

钢悬链线立管触地段的结构循环应变响应实验研究

基于量纲分析理论,建立了钢悬链线立管(SCR)触地段的结构循环应变响应的相似准则。设计SCR立管触地段与土体相互作用装置,实验研究了典型工况下触地段床面形状变化对结构应变响应的影响。实验结果表明:水流载荷可使立管触地段下方土体局部冲刷的范围增大,立管结构应变幅值也相应增大;随着管土循环拍击作用和局部冲刷变形的发展,钢悬链线立管触地段的循环应变幅值逐渐增大并趋于稳定值;在立管脱离床面的瞬间,可观测到立管上缘拉应变突增的现象。拉应变突增幅度随着床面变形的发展逐渐增大,进而导致循环应变幅值的增加。     

结合极化分解特征的SVM溢油检测研究

Marine oil spills have caused major threats to marine environment over the past few years.The early detection of the oil spill is of great significance for the prevention and control of marine disasters.At present,remote sensing is one of the major approaches for monitoring the oil spill.Full polarization synthetic aperture radarc SAR data are employed to extract polarization decomposition parameters including entropy(H) and reflection entropy(A).The characteristic spectrum of the entropy and reflection entropy combination has analyzed and the polarization characteristic spectrum of the oil spill has developed to support remote sensing of the oil spill.The findings show that the information extracted from(1–A)×(1–H) and(1–H)×A parameters is relatively evident effects.The results of extraction of the oil spill information based on H×A parameter are relatively not good.The combination of the two has something to do with H and A values.In general,when H0.7,A value is relatively small.Here,the extraction of the oil spill information using(1–A)×(1–H) and(1–H)×A parameters obtains evident effects.Whichever combined parameter is adopted,oil well data would cause certain false alarm to the extraction of the oil spill information.In particular the false alarm of the extracted oil spill information based on(1–A)×(1–H) is relatively high,while the false alarm based on(1–A)×H and(1–H)×A parameters is relatively small,but an image noise is relatively big.The oil spill detection employing polarization characteristic spectrum support vector machine can effectively identify the oil spill information with more accuracy than that of the detection method based on single polarization feature.     

Dynamics of the two-dimensional ideal incompressible fluid and Casimirs

Problems are considered in which the role of Casimirs in forming dynamics of the two-dimensional ideal incompressible fluid is basically studied; in particular, the conditions are formulated which arise in the stability problem of two-dimensional flows in the presence of Casimirs. Some general approaches to the construction of difference schemes for solving equations of two-dimensional fluid which possess the given Casimirs are considered.     

水层-底栖耦合生态动力学研究的某些进展

概述浅海生态系的水层系统与底栖系统耦合的基本原理,着重介绍有机质沉降动力学、底栖生态系统对有机质的响应、生物沉降和侧向平流、生物扰动和沉积物再悬浮研究的进展,结语中提出应予优先支持研究的科学问题。     

Constant acceleration exit of two-dimensional free-surface-piercing bodies

The forced constant acceleration exit of two-dimensional bodies through a free-surface is computed for various 2D bodies (symmetric wedges, asymmetric wedges, truncated wedges and boxes). The calculations are based on the fully non-linear time-stepping complex-variable method of Vinje and Brevig (1981). The model was formulated as an initial boundary-value problem (IBVP) with boundary conditions specified on the boundaries (dynamic and kinematic free-surface boundary conditions) and initial conditions at time zero (initial velocity and position of the body and free-surface particles). The formulated problem was solved by means of a boundary-element method using collocation points on the boundary of the domain and stepped forward in time using Runge–Kutta and Hamming predictor–corrector methods. Numerical results for the deformed free-surface profile, pressure along the wetted region of the bodies and force experienced by the bodies are given for the exit. The analytical added-mass force is presented for the exit of symmetric wedges and boxes with constant acceleration using conformal mappings. To verify the numerical results, the added-mass force and the numerical force are compared and give good agreement for the exit of a symmetric wedge at a time zero (t = 0) as expected but only moderate agreement for the box.     

浮式塔的动力计算

采用频域二阶摄动法研究了浮式塔在给定环境条件下的动力响应.计算了浮式塔在不规则波上的一阶运动响应函数和运动谱以及张力谱,同时进行了相应的模型试验.由结果的比较可以看出,试验结果与理论方法计算得到的结果吻合较好.计算结果表明,波浪的二阶作用对浮式塔的低频纵荡有影响.计算结果与试验结果的比较说明频域二阶摄动法可以用于浮式塔的动力分析.     

Application of a two-dimensional depth-averaged hydrodynamic tidal model

A two-dimensional hydrodynamic model application to the San Francisco Bay was performed using the Boundary-Fitted HYDROdynamic model (BFHYDRO). The model forcing functions consist of tidal elevations along the open boundary and fresh water flows from the Delta Outflow. The model-predicted surface elevations compare well with the observed surface elevations at five stations in San Francisco Bay. Mean error in the model predicted surface elevations and currents are less than 7 and 9%, respectively. Correlation coefficients for surface elevations and currents are higher than 0.94 and 0.95, respectively. The amplitudes and phases of the principal tidal constituents at 24 tidal stations in San Francisco Bay, obtained from a harmonic analysis of a 90-day simulation compare well with the observed data. The predicted amplitude and phase of the M₂ tidal constituent at these stations are respectively within 8 cm and 8° of the observed data. Maximum errors in the K₁ harmonic amplitudes and phases are less than 3 cm and 7° respectively. The asymmetric diurnal and semi-diurnal tidal ranges and spring and neap tidal cycles of the surface elevations and currents are well reproduced in the model at all stations.     

虾夷扇贝性腺和闭壳肌蛋白质双向电泳分析

本研究建立了虾夷扇贝性腺、闭壳肌蛋白质双向电泳体系,比较分析了不同等电聚焦时间对虾夷扇贝性腺、闭壳肌蛋白质双向电泳结果的影响,进一步利用该双向电泳系统分离了性腺和闭壳肌可溶性全蛋白,并利用计算机图像分析软件对虾夷扇贝性腺和闭壳肌蛋白质双向电泳图谱进行了检测分析。实验结果表明,采用细胞超声破碎-丙酮沉淀除盐–50 mmol/L Tris-HCl(pH6.8)复溶,1000V,3 h等电聚焦,12%SDS-PAGE和高灵敏度银氨染色,可获得分辨率较高、重复性良好的双向电泳图谱。通过PDQuest8.0图像分析软件检测分析,发现pH5~8条件下,虾夷扇贝性腺和闭壳肌组织的蛋白质主要分布于pH5~7,相对分子质量97~20.1 ku范围,性腺组织双向电泳图谱检出的蛋白质斑点数为265个,闭壳肌组织检出161个蛋白质斑点。结果显示,虾夷扇贝性腺、闭壳肌可溶性蛋白质表达谱各具特点,性腺组织可溶性蛋白种类较闭壳肌组织丰富。本研究实验结果可为进一步研究扇贝蛋白质组学以及功能基因组学奠定一定的基础。     

Time-domain wave diffraction of two-dimensional single and twin hulls

The nonlinear diffraction of 2D single and twin hulls are studied by employing a mixed Eulerian–Lagrangian model based on a higher-order cubic-spline boundary element solver. Two types of simulations are considered. In the first, waves are generated by a piston-type wave-maker in a rectangular tank and in the second case a nonlinear incident wave is assumed to exist in the tank in which the body is introduced. For the application of this model, the full nonlinear diffraction problem is recast in terms of a perturbation wave-field. Computations are performed for rectangular and triangular hull geometries. Computed results show significant nonlinearities, particularly in the heave force. The twin hull results show the influence of wave interference on the diffraction forces. This interference influences the surge force considerably, but heave force is less affected.     

Dynamics of Turbidity in the Tweed Estuary

Results are presented of turbidity measurements made in the Tweed Estuary during 14–29 September 1993. The observations covered a spring-neap period of very strong and relatively weak tides, which included strong wave activity at the mouth of the estuary, the aftermath of a strong freshwater inflow event and a minor inflow event which coincided with neap tides. Turbidity levels between the mouth and the limit of saline intrusion during this period were observed to lie in the range 2–30 ppm. Temperature–salinity relationships, based on rapid sampling throughout the estuary, often indicated conservative mixing between riverine and coastal waters. Turbidity–salinity relationships throughout the estuary were approximately linear for most of the lower salinity range (<30) although the relationships varied throughout a tidal cycle. At the highest salinities, in the lower 2·5 km of estuary, significantly enhanced turbidities occurred during strong, onshore swell-wave conditions. Near-mouth turbidities were very low (<5 ppm) at high-water (HW) when the swell-wave height was small (<0·3 m). There was no correlation between near-mouth turbidity at HW and tidal range, whereas the correlation between near-mouth turbidity and swell-wave height explained over 90% of the variance in near-mouth turbidity. The temporal trends in freshwater turbidity and freshwater inflow during the fieldwork period were fairly similar. A statistically significant relationship existed between these variables when freshwater turbidity was correlated against inflow 30 h earlier. A ‘ model ’ of turbidity, based on 5 days of inflows and used to hindcast turbidity from 14 days of inflows between 16–29 September, explained over 80% of the variance in freshwater turbidity. Therefore, inflow exerted a significant control on the fluvial turbidity. It appears that very fine-grained particles were responsible for the observed turbidity in the central and upper reaches of the Tweed. During the flood, in the presence of strong wave activity in the coastal zone, larger sediment was rapidly winnowed in the lower reaches, close to the mouth, whereas fine silt particles remained in suspension and reached the limit of saline intrusion.