敦化盆地上侏罗统—上新统地层划分对比讨论

利用野外资料、地震资料、煤田钻孔资料以及古生物资料,对松辽盆地外围探区敦化盆地的代表性地层划分方案进行了梳理,通过敦化盆地与周缘盆地之间的对比和分析,得出下列认识：（1）明确了珲春组的时代为始新世一渐新世;（2）指出白垩系上统龙井组地层在敦化盆地内可能是不存在的;（3）将原帽儿山组上段和下段分别划归泉水村组和长财组;（4）认为大砬子组、泉水村组、长财组和屯田营组在敦化盆地内是存在的,并通过盆间岩性地层和古生物地层对比指出大砬子组的时代可能为早白垩世阿普特期（Aptian）-阿尔布期（Albian）,长财组时代可能为早白垩世贝利阿斯期-阿普特期;（5）对敦化盆地内几个地方地层名称的使用进行了修正：（6）建立了敦化盆地内目前可供参考使用的地层序列。     

敦化盆地上侏罗统-上新统地层划分对比讨论

利用野外资料、地震资料、煤田钻孔资料以及古生物资料,对松辽盆地外围探区敦化盆地的代表性地层划分方案进行了梳理,通过敦化盆地与周缘盆地之间的对比和分析,得出下列认识:(1)明确了珲春组的时代为始新世—渐新世;(2)指出白垩系上统龙井组地层在敦化盆地内可能是不存在的;(3)将原帽儿山组上段和下段分别划归泉水村组和长财组;(4)认为大砬子组、泉水村组、长财组和屯田营组在敦化盆地内是存在的,并通过盆间岩性地层和古生物地层对比指出大砬子组的时代可能为早白垩世阿普特期(Aptian)—阿尔布期(Albian),长财组时代可能为早白垩世贝利阿斯期—阿普特期;(5)对敦化盆地内几个地方地层名称的使用进行了修正;(6)建立了敦化盆地内目前可供参考使用的地层序列。     

浙江省老虎洞组和黄龙组地层划分与对比

浙江省老虎洞组、黄龙组生物地层的研究较薄弱，尤其是笾化石带的建立不够系统，使地层的正确划分和对比存在一些问题。笔者通过精测浙江省桐庐县杨家老虎洞组、黄龙组地层剖面，系统采集了筵化石样品，经筵薄片研究。自下而上新建2个筵化石带：Profusulinella simplex带和FusulineUa bocki—Fusulina mayiensis带(二带化石归属达拉阶)。并与浙江长兴、杭州、常山地区的老虎洞组、黄龙组剖面进行了生物地层和岩石地层的划分对比。对比结果表明：Profusulinella simplex带上延至黄龙组中一下部，     

Analytical Model for the Palaeoenvironmental Evolution of the Nihewan Beds

In this paper, the evolutional characteristics of palaeoclimate and oxidation-reduction conditions as well asacidity-alkalinity environment are discussed by means of the step-regression, cluster, optimal partitioning andcorrelation analyses of CaCO_3, C / P_2O_5, Fe~(2+) / Fe~(3+), pH and Eh values, taking the Xiaodukou section in theNihewan basin as an example. The CaCO_3, C / P_2O_5 and pH were calculated respectively using the optimalpartitioning method. Thus five cold zones and six warm zones as well as five reduction and six oxidation zoneswere distinguished. Then the inductive method was used to produce four numerical groups: 8.10, 8.3-8.4,8.6-8.7 and 8.9-8,97. The above-mentioned results are respectively based on CaCO_3 content, C/P_2O_5 andpH values. From Fig. 3, Tables 1 and 2 it can be seen that the Nihewan Beds were formed mainly under a re-duction and slightly alkaline environment of cold climate, with pH values of 8.3-8.4. Fig. 3 shows that bed 35is approximately near the boundary between the Brunhes and Matuyama polarity epochs, 0.73 Ma in age; bed26 is roughly near the Jaramillo event (base), 0.97 Ma in age; bed 18 coincides roughly with themagnetostratigraphic boundary of 2.00 Ma (?). Bed 13 may be the Pleistocene-Pliocene boundary, 2.48 Ma inage. Thus geochemical zones Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ include respectively cold zones 1; 2 and 3; 4; and 5.     

冀北地区早、中侏罗世地层划分及其区域对比

冀北地区是燕山造山带的重要组成部分，尽管已有较长的研究历史，但在早、中侏罗世地层划分对比问题上仍存在着明显的分歧。通过对冀北下板城—带早、中侏罗世地层的详细研究，重新划分了该区的早侏罗世地层，对早、中侏罗世地层进行了区域对比。主要结论有：①原冀北地区的“下花园组”依岩石组合、碎屑成分变化可解体为3个组，即下花园组、龙门组和九龙山组；②原冀北地区使用的“九龙山组”与京西地区的九龙山组含义不同，建议归入髫髻山组；③经过重新划分后，冀北地区的早、中侏罗世地层与京西地区可以完全对比。本研究结论对于燕山地区早、中侏罗世地层格架的建立和构造地质演化过程的研究有重要意义。     

赣中南青白口纪地层划分与对比

赣中南地区青白口纪地层发育,出露面积广泛,属东南地层区桂湘赣地层分区.因地层分区内不同地段的地层发育程度及沉积特征常有差异,可进一步划分出2个地层小区新余小区和兴国小区.分别介绍了各地层小区的划分依据、存在的差异与联系、岩石地层单位特征及其划分对比,补充了较丰富的微古植物资料,分析了该区不同时期的古沉积环境及岩相变化规律.     

河北阳原泥河湾盆地郝家台NHA钻孔岩心岩石地层划分及对比

位于河北、山西两省桑干河、壶流河流域的泥河湾盆地内发育一套中外驰名的晚新生代地层,内含丰富的哺乳动物化石和古人类文化遗迹。岩石地层的划分是区域地质研究的基础,为了加深对这套地层的认识,2013年中国地质科学院地质研究所在泥河湾盆地东部化稍营郝家台打了一钻,钻孔座标:N:40°13'0.4〃,E:114°38'32.3〃,H:938m。据365.82 m厚的钻孔岩心岩石地层分析,自上至下划分为6个组:(1)上更新统马兰组,厚9.64m,以风积成因为主的黄土堆积,与下伏地层有沉积间断;(2)上更新统郝家台组,厚23.46 m,属滨、浅湖相沉积;(3)中—下更新统小渡口组,厚36.08m,属三角洲-滨湖相沉积;(4)下更新统泥河湾组,厚87.92m,属滨、浅湖相沉积;(5)上新统稻地组,厚111.78m,属湖沼相沉积;(6)上新统壶流河组,厚73.02m,属洪泛平原相沉积。孔深341.90~365.82m由白垩纪地层组成(未见底)。此剖面厚度大,连续性好,钻井采取率近100%,岩心在野外按钻井进尺依次进行连续描述,分辨率高,经研究认为泥河湾盆地第四系不仅在泥河湾盆地内可对比,并与黄土高原第四系也有一定的可对比性,即郝家台组与萨拉乌苏组对比,小渡口组与离石黄土对比,泥河湾组与午城黄土对比。本剖面可作为华北地区河湖相地层层型剖面之一。     

辽宁北票地区义县组地层划分与对比

辽宁北票地区义县组是一套中生代陆相火山-沉积岩系,主要由中-基性火山熔岩、火山碎屑岩及陆相沉积岩构成.依据火山活动的规律性,将本区义县组划分为4个岩性段,自下而上分别为:一段:底砾岩、基性-中基性火山岩段;二段:湖相沉积(或称珍稀化石层)岩段;三段:基性火山岩段;四段:砾岩段.其中,义县组一段产丰富的以鹦鹉嘴龙为主的古脊椎动物化石.二段产大量热河生物群化石,包括著名的中华龙鸟、孔子鸟和辽宁古果等珍稀化石,是义县组最重要的化石产出层位.从西向东,义县期火山活动具明显的由早到晚、由基性-中性-酸性(偏碱性)的演化特征.     

松辽盆地东缘营城盆地层序地层划分与地层对比

营城盆地位于松辽盆地东缘,其地层可与松辽盆地地层对比。营城盆地层序（三级）地层应与松辽盆地Ⅰ-VI和IX、X层序（火石岭组、沙河子组、营城组、登娄库组和泉头组）地层相对应,营城盆地地层应该划分为侏罗系上统火石岭组（J3h）;白垩系下统沙河子组（k1sh）、营城组（k1y）、泉头组（k1q）;第四系（Q）。主要可采工业煤层产在沙河子组。     

浙江温州北部地区白垩系地层划分与对比

本文根据温州北部地区的火山-沉积岩地层的剖面,进行了岩石地层、生物地层、年代地层的综合研究和区域对比,针对以往1: 25万、1: 20万和1: 5万区域地质调查的划分和归属提出了新的看法.浙东南下白垩统火山-沉积岩分为上、下两个岩系,下岩系称磨石山群,上岩系称永康群.研究认为,温州北部地区的火山-沉积岩系主体为下白垩统下岩系的磨石山群,并非均为上岩系的永康群馆头组;在永嘉枫林、澄田一带的火山-沉积岩地层分别属于磨石山群大爽组和茶湾组,而桥下一带的沉积岩地层则属于永康群馆头组.     

华北克拉通古元古代地层划分与对比

华北克拉通古元古代地层分布广泛,主要集中于胶辽吉带、中部带和西部孔兹岩带三个带状区域。近年来华北克拉通古元古代地层研究取得了很大的进展,根据作者的研究和前人的大量工作,本文对华北克拉通主要的古元古代地层的组成、时代、形成的构造背景等进行了总结。发现华北克拉通古元古代底部2.47～2.35Ga间的地层普遍缺失,反映了华北克拉通地质演化历史上的一个静寂时期。～2.3Ga在华北克拉通中条山及鲁山等地发育了少量的冷口变质火山岩以及上太华岩群变质地层。大量的年代学资料表明华北克拉通以往认为时代大致始于2.5Ga的滹沱群、甘陶河群、辽河岩群、绛县群、中条群等众多地层实际年龄多集中在2.2～1.9Ga之间,而且大多数地区所划分的不同的古元古代地层在时间上是并置或叠合的,没有新老或上下关系,仅在中条山地区和五台地区的古元古代地层具有从老到新连续演化的特征。目前,古元古代早期2.4～2.3Ga的地层研究程度还不高,形成的构造背景存在岛弧和裂谷两种不同的认识,我们倾向于活动大陆边缘环境,推测在鲁山-华山-中条山-吕梁山一带存在古元古代早期的岛弧与活动大陆边缘的相互作用。2.2～1.9Ga这一阶段的地层除孔兹岩系外,通常为变质火山-沉积岩系,且火山岩基本都具有双峰式火山岩特征,表明它们应该形成于伸展环境,但对伸展的机制还存在裂谷与弧后盆地的争议,根据作者等的工作本文倾向于它们形成于陆内裂谷环境,反映了华北克拉通可能从2.2Ga开始经历了强烈的伸展活动,最终导致了原有基底的裂解。     

城巴断块震旦系陡山沱组地层对比与划分及沉积相研究

研究城巴断块震旦系陡山沱组沉积相及地层对比与划分,旨在为探讨陡山沱组黑色岩系成矿性打下基础。通过野外观测和室内综合研究,结合区域地层对比,明月剖面的第一、二段大致相当于川西观音崖组第一段的滨海相沉积,第三段大致相当于峡东剖面第二段的深水相沉积,第四段的条带状白云岩组合和川西剖面及峡东剖面基本一致。将明月地区陡山沱期的沉积相模式归结为浅海陆棚盆地—水下隆起带—次深海陆棚边缘盆地的模式,为下一步找矿指明了方向。     

内蒙古赤峰敖汉旗地区义县组地层划分与对比

内蒙古赤峰敖汉旗地区属于宁城-捣格朗营子火山喷发带北段。通过实测剖面和大比例尺地质调查,确定敖汉旗地区中生界以火山岩为主的地层为义县组,并将其进一步划分为4个岩性段:一段由复成分砾岩和含砾粗砂组成,二段由酸性流纹质火山岩组成,三段由一套安山质的火山岩及沉积相的凝灰质砂砾岩等组成,四段由中性偏碱性的粗面英安质火山岩组成。本区各段火山岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年结果表明,敖汉旗地区义县组火山活动时限为127.7~121.6Ma。该结果与北部阜新-义县盆地义县组标准剖面年龄可对比。依据岩石组合特征、同位素测年结果,敖汉地区义县组可以与标准剖面的中部对比,缺失可与标准剖面上部对比的层位。     

Hydrogeological assessment of the Tabarteh fault zone by physicochemical analysis and multivariate statistical methods

Hydrogeologically, faults may impede, conduit, exert no influence, or may play a combination of these roles on groundwater flow. The object of this paper is to study the hydrogeological role of the Tabarteh fault, which is located on the border of Zagros and Central Iran tectonic zones in an alluvial aquifer. The recorded data of water table levels, chemical parameters, and discharge rate of wells, in addition to geological maps and geophysical results, were collected and evaluated. The outcrop of travertine in limited areas and the emergence of a few small springs within the alluvium show a barrier role of the fault in the groundwater flow. The spatial analysis of chemical components, head time series, and groundwater flow direction assessment demonstrated that the fault acts as both a barrier and a non-barrier in different sections. The multivariate statistical methods of cluster and discriminant analyses also confirm the dual role of the fault.     

塔里木盆地顺托果勒地区奥陶系鹰山组—恰尔巴克组地层划分对比研究

塔里木盆地奥陶系是重要的烃源岩和储集层,建立顺托果勒地区奥陶系鹰山组、一间房组及恰尔巴克组等时地层格架是开展地质研究和发现油气资源的基础.本文基于岩电特征,建立碳同位素对比标准,完善了奥陶系台地到斜坡相区牙形石化石带,确立顺托果勒地区奥陶系鹰山组-恰尔巴克组划分对比格架,并阐明鹰山组-恰尔巴克组特征及展布规律.研究表明...     

陆东凹陷九佛堂组火山碎屑岩地层对比与划分

针对陆东凹陷稳定标志层不发育、地层对比难度大的问题,在岩电特征分析的基础上,将火山作用与沉积作用相联系,确定火山喷发期次。应用井震联合层位标定技术,精细制作合成记录,建立地震标志层与井上典型岩电特征的关系,完成地层对比与划分,有效指导了储层预测和井位部署。     

Stratigraphic correlation of subsurface geologic data by computer

Manual, semiautomatic, and fully automatic procedures for correlating subsurface data are reviewed. Special emphasis is placed on the use of electric-log data, including that of the dipmeter log, in this discussion. The Holgate method is described for its use in fine-tuning or refining gross correlations. A procedure for creating a matrix map for empirically establishing correlation between sets of data is described, and idealized models are shown.This paper was presented at the 38th Session of the International Statistical Institute, Washington, D.C., 10–20 August 1971.     

多元统计分析在普朗斑岩型铜矿床中的应用

普朗斑岩型铜矿是云南格咱岛弧成矿带中印支期斑岩型铜矿床的典型代表。本文应用聚类分析、因子分析方法对普朗斑岩型铜矿成矿岩体中微量元素进行了分析和科学分类。根据普朗复式斑(玢)岩体的地质条件和微量元素地球化学特征,从理论角度定性分析和定量分析均确定了普朗复式岩体存在明显的Cu-Au-Ag矿化异常,主成矿元素Cu与Au、Ag、Mo、W等具有较好的相关性,且局部存在中―低温的Pb、Zn矿化异常组合。矿床的形成与印支期中酸性斑(玢)岩体的侵入有密切的联系,成矿作用具多期多阶段性。     

Dynamics of the seismicity of the Kuril arc based on multivariate statistical analysis

The spatial-temporal distributions of earthquakes in the Kuril-Okhotsk region were analyzed. The events with Ms ≥ 4 from 1980 until 2009 and Ms ≥ 7 from 1910 until 2009 (20576 and 76 earthquakes, respectively) were studied. The specially developed program complex allowed us to obtain the 4-D distribution of the seismic events (along the sections, depths, temporal intervals, and energetic levels). It was shown that the seismic events obviously tend to cluster both along the surface and depth directions. The spatial-temporal analysis of the events (with Ms ≥ 4) in six five-year intervals from 1980 until 2009 has revealed a cyclic increase and decrease in the seismic activity in different time intervals and its cyclic migration from the South through the Central to the North Kuriles and back. The analysis of the strong events with Ms ≥ 7 in twenty 5-year intervals during 1910–2009 has shown that their amount significantly decreased for the last 30 years and the location of the hypocenter depths also changed (only shallow-focus earthquakes have been observed since 1975). The peaks of the seismic activity (1915–1919, 1955–1969, and 2005–2009) are separated by 35-year periods of its decrease.     

An empirical correlation between the occurrence of earthquakes and typhoons in Taiwan: a statistical multivariate approach

This study looks at 102 typhoons that passed nearby or traversed Taiwan from 1995 to 2011 and their potential association with ordinary earthquakes. The study found an overall association of 63.75?%. Interestingly, prior to the September 21, 1999, M _w ?=?7.6 Chi-Chi earthquake, only 4 of 24 typhoons (16.67?%) were potentially associated with the earthquakes. This figure increased substantially after the Chi-Chi earthquake to 78 typhoons being possibly associated with earthquakes (78.21?%). From the results of the chi-square test, both correlations between the typhoons and their possible triggered earthquakes before and after Chi-Chi earthquake have significant difference. The results are discussed in terms of changes in crustal conditions after the Chi-Chi earthquake and potential mechanisms, for example, heavy rainfall and atmospheric pressure causing the ordinary earthquakes. The atmospheric pressure effect predominates over the rainfall effect during the typhoon time period by statistical multivariate approach. However, to test rainfall effect is a non-neglected mechanism; seven small earthquakes without typhoon occurring near a region experiencing heavy rainfall and earthquake activity related to accumulated rainfall values from January 1995 to July 2012 are examined.