Geochemical Characteristics and Implications of Eclogite Gravels from Mesozoic Strata at the Northern Margin of Dabie Orogenic Belt

The eclogite gravels, which were found in the Mesozoic Fenghuangtai and Maotanchang formations on the northern margin of the Dabie orogenic belt, are rich in K2O(1.21%),∑REE (278μg/g) ,and LILE(such as Rb, Ba, K, Th, etc.) , with high (La/Yb)N ratios(14.4),on the basis of the analyses of major elements, rare-earth elements (REE) and trace elements. Their enrichment in LILE, notable Nb-Ta depletion through, and depletion in HFSE relative to REE in comparison with the primitive mantle and N-MORB indicate that the protoliths of the eclogite gravels were formed in an island-arc setting. According to the Th-Hf-Ta discrimination diagram, the protoliths of the eclogite gravels are characterized by volcanic arc basalts.Trace element data indicate that the subducted marine sediments were assimilated in the magma chamber, resulting in the enrichment of LILE in the protoliths. Therefore, the protoliths of the eclogite gravels are considered to have been formed in an inland-arc setting, indicating that there had developed a paleo-inland arc before Triassic collision between the North and South China blocks in the Dabie orogenic belt. There is a marked difference between the eclogite gravels and the eclogites developed along the Dabie orngenic belt, solely based on their geochemical data,especially REE. Therefore, the eclogite gravels may not be derived from eclogite terrains preserved in the Dabie orogenic belt.     

Subduction zone geochemistry

Crustal recycling at convergent plate boundaries is essential to mantle heterogeneity.However,crustal signatures in the mantle source of basaltic rocks above subduction zones were primarily incorporated in the form of liquid rather than solid phases.The physicochemical property of liquid phases is determined by the dehydration behavior of crustal rocks at the slab-mantle interface in subduction channels.Because of the significant fractionation in incompatible trace elements but the full inheritance in radiogenic isotopes relative to their crustal sources,the production of liquid phases is crucial to the geochemical transfer from the subducting crust into the mantle.In this process,the stability of specific minerals in subducting crustal rocks exerts a primary control on the enrichment of given trace elements in the liquid phases.For this reason,geochemically enriched oceanic basalts can be categorized into two types in terms of their trace element distribution patterns in the primitive mantle-normalized diagram.One is island arc basalts(IAB),showing enrichment in LILE,Pb and LREE but depletion in HFSE such as Nb and Ta relative to HREE,The other is ocean island basalts(OIB),exhibiting enrichment in LILE and LREE,enrichment or non-depletion in HFSE but depletion in Pb relative to HREE.In either types,these basalts show the enhanced enrichment of LILE and LREE with increasing their incompatibility relative to normal mid-ocean ridge basalts(MORB).The thermal regime of subduction zones can be categorized into two stages in both time and space,The first stage is characterized by compressional tectonism at low thermal gradients.As a consequence,metamorphic dehydration of the subducting crust prevails at forearc to subarc depths due to the breakdown of hydrous minerals such as mica and amphibole in the stability field of garnet and rutile,resulting in the liberation of aqueous solutions with the trace element composition that is considerably enriched in LILE,Pb and LREE but depleted in HFSE and HREE relative to normal MORB.This provides the crustal signature for the mantle sources of IAB.The second stage is indicated by extensional tectonism at high thermal gradients,leading to the partial melting of metamorphically dehydrated crustal rocks at subarc to postarc depths.This involves not only the breakdown of hydrous minerals such as amphibole,phengite and allanite in the stability field of garnet but also the dissolution of rutile into hydrous melts.As such,the hydrous melts can acquire the trace element composition that is significantly enriched in LILE,HFSE and LREE but depleted in Pb and HREE relative to normal MORB,providing the crustal signature for the mantle sources of OIB.In either case,these liquid phases would metasomatize the overlying mantle wedge peridotite at different depths,generating ultramafic metasomatites such as serpentinized and chloritized peridotites,and olivine-poor pyroxenites and hornblendites.As a consequence,the crustal signatures are transferred by the liquid phases from the subducting slab into the mantle.     

Subduction—Modified Subcontinental Mantle in South China：Trace Element and Isotope Evidence in Basalts from Hainan Island

Cenozoic lavas from Hainan Island,South China,comprise quartz tholeiite,olivine tholeiite,alkali basalt,and basanite and form a continuous,tholeiite-dominated,compositional spectrum.Highly incompatible elements and their relationships with isotopes in these lavas are shown to be useful in evaluating mantle-source composition,whereas modeling suggests that ratios of elements with bulk partition coefficients significantly larger than those of Nb and Ta may be sensitive to partial melting.Th/Ta and La/Nb ratios of alkali basalts are lower than those of tholeiites,and they are all lower than those of the primitive mantle,These ratios correlate positively with ^207Pb/^204Pb and ^87Sr/^86Sr ratios.Such relationships can be explained by mixing of depleted and enriched source components.A depleted component is indicated by alkali basalt compositions and is similar to some depleted OIB (PREMA).The enriched component,similar to sediment compositions,is indicated by tholeiites with high LILE/HFSE,^207Pb/^204Pb,and ^87Sr/^86Sr ratios.In general,basalts from Hainan and the South China Basin(SCB)share common geochemical characters.e.g.high Rb/Sr,Th/Ta,^207Pb/^206Pb,and low Ba/Th ratios.Such a geochemical trend is comparable to that of EMII-type OIB and best explained as the result of subduction.Occurrence of these characteristics in both continental Hainan basalts and SCB seamout basalts indicates the presence of a South China geochemical domain that exists in the mantle region below the lithosphere.     

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987116000311

Greenstone basalts and komatiites provide a means to track both mantle composition and magma generation temperature with time.Four types of mantle are characterized from incompatible element distributions in basalts and komatiites:depleted,hydrated,enriched and mantle from which komatiites are derived.Our most important observation is the recognition for the first time of what we refer to as a Great Thermal Divergence within the mantle beginning near the end of the Archean,which we ascribe to thermal and convective evolution.Prior to 2.5 Ga,depleted and enriched mantle have indistinguishable thermal histories,whereas at 2.5-2.0 Ga a divergence in mantle magma generation temperature begins between these two types of mantle.Major and incompatible element distributions and calculated magma generation temperatures suggest that Archean enriched mantle did not come from mantle plumes,but was part of an undifferentiated or well-mixed mantle similar in composition to calculated primitive mantle.During this time,however,high-temperature mantle plumes from dominantly depleted sources gave rise to komatiites and associated basalts.Recycling of oceanic crust into the deep mantle after the Archean may have contributed to enrichment of Ti,Al,Ca and Na in basalts derived from enriched mantle sources.After 2.5 Ga,increases in Mg~# in basalts from depleted mantle and decreases in Fe and Mn reflect some combination of growing depletion and cooling of depleted mantle with time.A delay in cooling of depleted mantle until after the Archean probably reflects a combination of greater radiogenic heat sources in the Archean mantle and the propagation of plate tectonics after 3 Ga.     

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2015.11.008

Mafic rocks comprising tholeiitic pillow basalt,dolerite and minor gabbro form the basal stratigraphic unit in the ca.2.8 to 2.6 Ga Geita Greenstone Belt situated in the NW Tanzania Craton.They outcrop mainly along the southern margin of the belt,and are at least 50 million years older than the supracrustal assemblages against which they have been juxtaposed.Geochemical analyses indicate that parts of the assemblage approach high Mg-tholeiite(more than 8 wt.%MgO).This suite of samples has a restricted compositional range suggesting derivation from a chemically homogenous reservoir.Trace element modeling suggests that the mafic rocks were derived by partial melting within the spinel peridotite field from a source rock with a primitive mantle composition.That is,trace elements maintain primitive mantle ratios(Zr/Hf=32-35,Ti/Zr=107-147),producing flat REE and HFSE profiles[(La/Yb)_(pm)=0.9-1.3],with abundances of 3-10 times primitive mantle and with minor negative anomalies of Nb[(Nb/La)_(pm)=0.6-0.8]and Th[(Th/La)_(pm)=0.6-0.9].Initial isotope compositions(ε_(Nd)) range from 1.6 to 2.9 at2.8 Ga and plot below the depleted mantle line suggesting derivation from a more enriched source compared to present day MORB mantle.The trace element composition and Nd isotopic ratios are similar to the mafic rocks outcropping ~50 km south.The mafic rocks outcropping in the Geita area were erupted through oceanic crust over a short time period,between ~2830 and ~2820 Ma;are compositionally homogenous,contain little to no associated terrigenous sediments,and their trace element composition and short emplacement time resemble oceanic plateau basalts.They have been interpreted to be derived from a plume head with a primitive mantle composition.     

Geochemistry of eclogites of the Tso Morari complex,Ladakh, NW Himalayas:Insights into trace element behavior during subduction and exhumation

Whole rock major and trace element compositions of seven eclogites from the Tso Morari ultra-high pressure(UHP) complex, Ladakh were determined with the aim of constraining the protolith origins of the subducted crust. The eclogites have major element compositions corresponding to sub-alkaline basalts. Trace element characteristics of the samples show enrichment in LILE's over HFSEs(Rb, Th, K except Ba) with LREE enrichments((La/Lu)n = 1.28-5.96). Absence of Eu anomaly on the Primitive Mantle normalized diagram suggests the absence of plagioclase fractionation. Positive correlation between Mg# with Ni and Cr suggests olivine fractionation of mantle melts. Narrow range of(La/Yb)n(2.1-9.4) and Ce/Yb(6.2-16.2) along with Ti/Y(435-735) ratios calculated for the Tso Morari samples is consistent with generation of melts by partial melting of a garnet free mantle source within the spinel peridotite field. Ternary diagrams(viz. Ti-Zr-Y and Nb-Zr-Y) using immobile and incompatible elements show that the samples range from depleted to enriched and span from within plate basalts(WPB)to enriched MORB(E-MORB) indicating that the eclogite protoliths originated from basaltic magmas.Primitive Mantle normalized multi element plots showing significant Th and LREE enrichment marked by negative Nb anomalies are characteristic of continental flood basalts. Positive Pb, negative Nb, high Th/Ta, a narrow range of Nb/La and the observed wide variation for Ti/Y indicate that the Tso Morari samples have undergone some level of crustal contamination. Observed geochemical characteristics of the Tso Morari samples indicate tholeiitic compositions originated from enriched MORB(E-MORB) type magmas which underwent a limited magmatic evolution through the process of fractional crystallization and probably more by crustal contamination. Observed geochemical similarities(viz. Zr, Nb, La/Yb, La/Gd,La/Nb, Th/Ta ratios and REE) between Tso Morari eclogites and the Group I Panjal Traps make the trap basalt the most likely protoliths for the Tso Morari eclogites.     

中生代盆地演化及其对大别造山带碰撞造山的指示意义

The Dabie orogenic belt underwent deep subduc-tion of continent, rapid exhumation, and huge amount of erosion during the Mesozoic. Its tectonic evolution, especially how that was recorded in sedimentary ba-sins at the flanks of the Dabie orogenic belt is one of the most important issues. The overall distribution of different basin types in the orogenic belt indicates that shortening and thrusting at the margins of the orogenic belt from the Late Triassic to the Early Cretaceous controlled the foreland basins, and extension, doming and rifting were initiated in the core of the orogenic belt from the Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous, and were expanded to the whole orogenic belt after the Late Cretaceous.     

Geochronology and Geochemistry of Mafic Dikes from Hainan Island and Tectonic Implications

Abstract: In the present study, the major and trace element compositions, as well as Sr, Nd isotopic compositions and K-Ar age data in mafic dikes from Hainan Island, China, have been analyzed. Whole-rock K-Ar dating yielded a magmatic duration of 61–98 Ma for mafic dikes. Mafic dikes have a very high concentration of incompatible elements, for example, Ba, Rb, Sr, K, rare earth elements, and especially light rare earth elements (LREE), and negative anomalies of Nb, Ta, and Ti in the normalized trace element patterns. The initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios and εSr(t) of the mafic dikes are 0.70634–0.71193 and +27.7 to +112.2, respectively. In the 87Sr/86Sr versus εNd(t) diagram, the Hainan Island mafic dikes plot between fields for depleted mantle and enriched mantle type 2. All these characteristics show that the mantle (source region) of mafic dikes in this area experienced metasomatism by fluids relatively enriched in LREE and large ion lithophile elements. The genesis of Hainan Island mafic dikes is explained as a result of the mixing of asthenospheric mantle with lithospheric mantle that experienced metasomatism by the subduction of the Pacific Plate. This is different from the Hainan Island Cenozoic basalts mainly derived from depleted asthenospheric mantle, and possibly, minor metasomatised lithospheric mantle. This study suggests that the Mesozoic and Cenozoic lithospheric revolutions in Hainan Island can be divided into three stages: (1) the compression orogenesis stage before 98 Ma. The dominant factor during this stage is the subduction of the ancient Pacific Plate beneath this area. The lithospheric mantle changed into enriched mantle type 2 by metasomatism; (2) the thinning and extension stage during 61–98 Ma. The dominant factor during this stage is that the asthenospheric mantle invaded and corroded the lithospheric mantle; and (3) the large-scale thinning and extension stage after 61 Ma. The large-scale asthenospheric upwelling results in the strong erupting of Cenozoic basalts, large-scale thinning of the lithosphere, the southward translating and counterclockwise rotating of Hainan Island, and the opening of the South China Sea.     

Equilibrium between Clinopyroxene and Host Rocks: Implication for the Magmatic Source and Evolution of Alkali Basalts of the Taohekou Formation in the Northern Daba Mountains, China

The Taohekou Formation is a volcanic-sedimentary terrane formed in the early Silurian in the northern Daba Mountains, China. The volcanic rocks, with dominant alkali basalts and minor mantle xenoliths, are enriched in clinopyroxene phenocrysts. Geochemical analysis shows that the composition of clinopyroxenes from different lithofacies has a close affinity. There is a liner correlation present in composition of clinopyroxenes (including phenocryst, microcrystal and xenocryst) from coarse porphyritic basalts, pillow or fine porphyritic basalts to amygdaloidal basalts. All the clinopyroxenes, except the clinopyroxenes in mantle xenoliths, show a similar pattern of trace elements and REE, which indicates that they are likely products of successive fractional crystallization from cognate magma. Clinopyroxenes in mantle xenoliths, however, are mantle xenocrysts. The crystallization pressure of clinopyroxenes gradually decreases from mantle xenolith, deep-seated xenocryst, coarse porphritic basalts, pillow or fine porphritic basalts, to amygdaloidal basalts, which are 1.92-4.41 GPa, 1.18-2.36 GPa, 1.13-2.05 GPa, 0.44-0.62 GPa and 0.14-0.28 GPa respectively. Calculation results suggest that the primary magma originated from a mantle region deeper than 68 km and stagnates in intervals of 37-68 km, 15-20 km and 5-9 km during its ascent. The alkali basalts are characterized by increasing concentrations of Si and alkaline with the magmatic evolution. Meanwhile, they are markedly enriched in LREE, and the patterns of trace elements and REE are similar to those of oceanic island basalts.     

U-Pb zircon geochronology, geochemistry and kinetics of the Huaniushan A-type granite in Northwest China

The Huaniushan granite is located at the Beishan orogenic belt, northwestern China. At the contact zone between the granite and marble, a hydrothermal Pb-Zn and skarn Au deposit is formed. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating yielded a weighted mean 206Pb/238U age of 229.5±2.6 Ma (MSDW=0.93) for the Huaniushan granite, imply-ing its Late Triassic intrusion. Geochemistry analyses show that the Huaniushan granite is enriched in Si, K, Na, and REE, and depleted in Mg and Ca, with contents of SiO2 (70.8% to 74.4%), Na2O+K2O (8.8% to 10.2%), CaO (0.93% to 1.44%), and MgO (0.14% to 0.48%). REE is characterized by obvious negative Eu anomaly. Rb, Th, U, K, Pb, Nb, Zr and Hf elements are rich in the granite while Ba, Sr, P, Ti and Eu are deplete. The granite has a high (Zr+Nb+Ce+Y) abundance and 104 Ga/Al ratios. Petrology, major and trace elements data all indicate that the Hua-niushan granite is A-type granite which intruded in a post-collisional extensional tectonic setting. The magma was dominantly sourced from partial melting of crustal intermediate-felsic igneous rocks. Intensive magmatic activities and Au-Cu-Mo mineralization occurred throughout the Beishan orogenic belt during the period from ca. 240 to 220 Ma.     

大别造山带南坡晚白垩世玄武岩源区地幔特征

大别造山带南坡中生代断陷盆地中出露大量晚白垩世碱性玄武岩类。因岩浆受结晶分异和陆壳混染影响微弱,其成分基本可代表本区原生玄武岩浆。在微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图上,本区玄武岩具有地壳富集组分Pb、K、Rb、Ba等的正异常和Nb、P、Hf等高场强元素的负异常。同位素和微量元素特征显示,玄武岩浆来自亏损地幔(DM)和富集地幔(EM+EM)混合源区。玄武岩源区地幔中Pb的富集和Nb、P、Hf等的亏损基本可由中国东部亏损地幔与榴辉岩的混合获得,由此揭示富集地幔端元组成特征可能与晚白垩世前造山带根部榴辉岩拆沉并参与地幔再循环有关。     

Geochronology and geochemistry of the Dabure basalts,central Qiangtang,Tibet: evidence for ~550 Ma rifting of Gondwana

Newly discovered basalts in the Dabure area (central Qiangtang block, northern Tibet) were subjected to laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) U–Pb zircon dating, geochemical analyses, and zircon Hf isotope analyses. Dating of magmatic zircons from three basalt samples indicates that the Dabure basalts formed during the late Ediacaran (~550 Ma). Xenocrystic zircons yield ages of 700–1150 Ma, providing evidence of the Cryogenian crust in the Tibet block. The Dabure basalts are alkaline, rich in Ti and Fe, and are strongly enriched in light rare earth elements without Eu anomalies. The basalts are geochemically similar to within-plate basalts but are relatively depleted in Nb and Ta. Although the analysed zircons show differences in their Hf isotope compositions, the geochemical data suggest that the Dabure basalts were derived from enriched mantle and that the source magmas were contaminated by the continental crust. The basalts may have erupted during rifting at ~550 Ma (from the dating of magmatic zircons), and may have been a product of the initial breakup of Gondwanaland.     

大别造山带和扬子陆块北缘中生代玄武岩铅同位素组成及构造意义

大别造山带在地球化学分区上属于扬子大板块还是华北大板块一直存在争议。近年来，一些学者根据其显生宙矿石铅和花岗岩长石铅（揭示地壳铅）具有低铅同位素成分特征，将大别造山带整体划归华北大板块。本文对大别造山带南部（黄陂、新洲、大悟地区）、腹地（麻城地区）和扬子陆块北缘（黄石地区）晚中生代碱性玄武岩铅同位素组成（揭示地幔铅）研究表明，大别造山带具有高放射性成因铅同位素特征，与扬子铅同位素省中南扬子亚省基本一致。扬子陆块北缘（黄石地区）晚中生代碱性玄武岩铅同位素组成与扬子铅同位素省中北扬子亚省基本一致。铅同位素组成特征和Th-U-Pb体系变异趋势均表明：（1）大别造山带晚中生代地幔属于扬子地幔，与华北地幔存在明显区别；（2）大别造山带壳、幔铅同位素成分上存在明显的非耦合特征，反映大别造山带壳幔演化历史的复杂性。     

祁连造山带中部拉脊山古地幔特征及其归属: 来自基性火山岩的地球化学证据

拉脊山火山岩带位于祁连造山带中部, 通过对该区早古生代基性火山岩系统的地球化学研究, 揭示该区早古生代地幔的性质及其地幔域的构造归属.研究表明, 拉脊山基性火山岩可以分为两类: Ⅰ类为大陆板内碱性玄武岩, 其稀土元素组成模式为轻稀土富集型, 并具有明显的Nb、Ta负异常, 而Zr、Hf无明显的负异常; Ⅱ类为与地幔柱活动有关的拉斑玄武岩, 具有洋岛玄武岩(OIB) 特征.稀土元素组成模式同样表现为轻稀土富集型, 但其富集程度比Ⅰ类基性火山岩的富集程度弱, 无Nb、Ta、Zr和Hf负异常.基性火山岩的Sr、Nd、Pb同位素组成特征显示, 基性火山岩的地幔源区具有亏损地幔(DM) 和第二类富集地幔(EMⅡ) 混合的特点, 而第二类富集地幔端元(EMⅡ) 占主导地位, 亏损地幔(DM) 物质混入的程度较低; 并具有Dupal异常的同位素特征.通过与华北南缘、北秦岭和扬子北缘西段地幔的Pb同位素组成相比, 表明拉脊山造山带古地幔与北秦岭、南秦岭西段和扬子北缘西段地幔的Pb同位素组成相似.进而表明拉脊山造山带古地幔属于扬子型富放射性成因铅地幔, 而非华北型贫放射性成因铅地幔      

大别山北缘定远组双峰式火山岩-新元古代晚期裂解事件记录

为了了解大别山北缘构造属性,对定远组地层组成、形成时代及地球化学特征进行调查与研究.野外调查表明,定远组主要由一套变火山岩及云母片岩、云母石英片岩、浅粒岩、板岩等组成,其中变火山岩包括变玄武岩与变流纹质火山岩,并构成典型的双峰式火山岩建造;此外,还含有早古生代构造地层单位.运用LA-ICP-MS对酸性火山岩锆石进行U-...     

地壳再循环与大陆碱性玄武岩的成因：以山东新生代碱性玄武岩为例

      大陆碱性玄武岩在地球化学特征上与洋岛玄武岩高度相似,被看做是板内玄武岩在大陆上的典型代表。本文以山东 新生代碱性玄武岩为例,探讨大陆碱性玄武岩的成因。山东新生代碱性玄武岩按时空分布特征可以分为两类：早期定向分 布、相互平行的三个火山群（包括鲁西的潍坊火山群、沂水火山群和胶东的蓬莱火山群）和晚期杂乱分布的孤立小火山。 早期火山群碱性较弱,以碱性橄榄玄武岩和碧玄岩为主,微量元素特征和同位素组成变化大;晚期孤立小火山碱性强,以 碧玄岩和霞石岩为主,微量元素特征和同位素组成较均一。因此,从岩性组成和时空分布特征看,山东的火山群相当于洋 岛/海山的造盾期玄武岩,而孤立小火山接近于洋岛/海山上的复苏期玄武岩。潍坊火山群和沂水火山群在Sr-Nd,Nd-Hf同位 素相关图上都存在从亏损到富集的两端元混合排列趋势,但两者的排列趋势有一点区别。其中同位素富集的端元相对于原 始地幔具有偏低的Ce/Pb比和偏高的Ba/Th比,指示其为大陆下地壳物质。同时,这种富集端元的Th/La比值明显低于大陆下 地壳的平均值,其放射成因Hf相对于放射成因Nd过剩（即Nd-Hf同位素解耦）,说明这种富集端元不是岩浆上升过程中混染 的下地壳物质,而是经历过早期熔融的再循环大陆下地壳（榴辉岩或者石榴辉石岩）。鲁西两个平行火山群在同位素排列上 的区别类似于夏威夷玄武岩中的KEA链和LOA链,因此,山东的平行火山群的深部动力学背景可能是地幔柱,再循环大陆 下地壳物质可能是这种地幔柱的重要组成物质。晚期的孤立小火山在地球化学特征上与火成碳酸岩非常相似,如在原始地 幔标准化图上都具有K,Pb,Zr,Hf,Ti的负异常等特征,因此我们认为其地幔源区为碳酸盐化的橄榄岩。孤立小火山中等亏损 的Sr,Nd,Hf同位素特征支持碳酸岩熔体来自年轻的（中生代？）再循环洋壳。     

HFSE systematics of rutile-bearing eclogites: New insights into subduction zone processes and implications for the earth’s HFSE budget

The depleted mantle and the continental crust are generally thought to balance the budget of refractory and lithophile elements of the Bulk Silicate Earth (BSE), resulting in complementary trace element patterns. However, the two high field strength elements (HFSE) niobium and tantalum appear to contradict this mass balance. All reservoirs of the silicate Earth exhibit subchondritic Nb/Ta ratios, possibly as a result of Nb depletion.In this study a series of nineteen orogenic MORB-type eclogites from different localities was analyzed to determine their HFSE concentrations and to contribute to the question of whether subducted oceanic crust could form a hidden reservoir to account for the mass imbalance of Nb/Ta between BSE and the chondritic reservoir. Concentrations of HFSE were analyzed with isotope dilution (ID) techniques. Additionally, LA-ICPMS analyses of clinopyroxene, garnet and rutile have been performed. Rutile is by far the major host for Nb and Ta in all analyzed eclogites. However, many rutiles revealed zoning in Nb/Ta ratios, with cores being higher than rims. Accordingly, in situ analyses of rutiles have to be evaluated carefully and rutile cores do not necessarily reflect a bulk rock Nb and Ta composition, although over 90% of these elements reside in rutile.The HFSE concentration data in bulk rocks show that the orogenic eclogites have subchondritic Nb/Ta ratios and near chondritic Zr/Hf ratios. The investigated eclogites show neither enrichment of Nb compared to similarly incompatible elements (e.g. La), nor fractionation of Nb/Ta ratios relative to MOR-basalts, the likely precursor of these rocks. This indicates that during the conversion of the oceanic crust to eclogites in most cases, (1) HFSE and REE have similar mobility on average, possibly because both element groups remain in the down going slab, and (2) no significant fractionation of Nb/Ta occurs in subducted oceanic crust. With an average Nb/Ta ratio of 14.2 ± 1.4 (2s.e.), the investigated eclogites cannot balance the differences between BSE and chondrite. Additionally, as their average Nb/Ta is indistinguishable from the Nb/Ta of MORB, they are also an unlikely candidate to balance the potentially small differences in Nb/Ta between the continental crust and the mantle.     

黑龙江塔溪地区晚古生代后造山花岗岩特征及其地质意义

摘要：位于兴蒙造山带东端的黑龙江塔溪地区花岗岩主要岩石类型为二长花岗岩和正长花岗岩,锆石U Pb( LA ICP MS)同位素测年结果为295～285 Ma,表明形成于晚古生代。岩石地球化学以弱过铝质、中—高钾为特征,总体表现为：高钾钙碱性系列,轻稀土元素富集,重稀土元素相对亏损,弱—中等δEu负异常,大离子亲石元素(LILE)Rb、La富集,Ba、Sr亏损,高场强元素(HFSE)Ce、Zr、Hf、Th富集,Nb、Ta亏损。推测花岗质岩浆曾发生壳幔混染作用,有更多壳源物质参与,显示后造山I型花岗岩特征。认为花岗岩形成于挤压向伸展转换的后造山环境,为兴安地块与松嫩地块碰撞拼合的后造山阶段产物。     

浙东南晚中生代玄武岩的地球化学特征及其对源区物质的指示意义

浙江东南部晚中生代上、下火山岩系（以下简称上、下岩系）中均有玄武岩产出,本文对这些玄武岩分别进行了元 素地球化学和Sr-Nd-Pb同位素研究。不同岩系玄武岩的主量元素均表现出富碱、富Al等特征。但微量元素存在差异,下岩 系天台和青田样品具有轻稀土富集以及Ba, Pb和Sr富集,Eu负异常,Nb, Ta, Zr和Hf亏损的特征。上岩系玄武岩的元素特征 也有差别,永嘉花坦、宁波玄坛地、新昌镜岭和永嘉镜架山等地样品的元素特征表现出的性质与下岩系样品相似,武义玄 武岩样品没有Ta, Nb亏损特征,金衢盆地玄武岩的元素特征则介于两者之间。对应的,这些玄武岩样品的同位素组成也有 明显差异,下岩系玄武岩的初始同位素组成范围为 I Sr=0.70850~0.70897,εN（d t） = -5.6~-4.1,（206Pb/204Pb） i =18.21~18.38,（207Pb/204Pb） i =15.55~15.58,（208Pb/204Pb） i =38.26~38.49,接近下岩系中酸性岩浆岩的范围,反映了下地壳物质对其岩浆源区的显著影响。上岩系玄武岩有明显差异,表现出与元素特征对应的分组现象。其中永嘉花坦、宁波玄坛地、新昌镜岭和永嘉镜架山样品 I Sr = 0.70734~0.70936, εN（d t）= -7.1~-2.1,（ 206Pb/204Pb） i =18.01~18.40,（ 207Pb/204Pb） i = 15.54~15.62,（ 208Pb/204Pb） i=37.99~38.62, 具有富集特征, 可能来自活动大陆边缘; 而武义和金衢盆地样品的 I Sr=0.70533~0.70589, εNd（ t） =0.4~3.3,（206Pb/204Pb） i =17.23~18.11,（ 207Pb/204Pb） i =15.46~15.53,（ 208Pb/204Pb） i =36.91~38.43,具有类似OIB特征,趋向亏损地幔端元。上下岩系玄武岩的元素和同位素组成的研究表明,玄武岩的物质来源有较明显的差别,且表现出随时间变化的特征。其中下岩系玄武岩源区中可能有古老岩石圈地幔、下地壳物质和俯冲蚀变洋壳物质的贡献,而上岩系中玄武岩源区有可能是类似下岩系玄武岩性质的岩石圈、软流圈地幔和下地壳物质等的贡献。浙东南晚中生代岩石圈演化的动力学过程可能与太平洋板块俯冲有关,但不能排除岩石圈地幔拆沉的影响,具体的讨论还需要更多的岩石学和/或地幔包体资料的补充。