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1.
利用2013~2017年3期GPS观测资料,获得精河6.6级地震前震中附近区域水平运动速率、主应变率、面膨胀率及最大剪应变率,并结合区域构造背景分析该区域变形动态特征。结果表明:震前震中附近区域速度场速率逐渐增大,发震断裂两盘构造运动速率不均,震中附近区域GPS测点的速率和运动方向存在差异,反应了地壳应变能量积累。震中区域主压应变率变化反映出应力调整过程,沿断层走向的张压转换的形变高梯度带、最大剪应变梯度带可为地震预测提供参考。 相似文献
2.
利用2013~2017年3期GPS观测资料,通过结合区域构造背景分析呼图壁MS6.2地震震中及附近区域水平运动速率、主应变率、面膨胀率及最大剪应变率动态变化特征。结果表明,呼图壁地震前发震构造南部区域地壳速率高于北部区域运动速率,造成发震构造两盘运动速率不同,地壳能量积蓄。呼图壁地震释放了区域积蓄的应变能量,由于区域构造因素,影响范围较小。震前震中附近区域处于压缩环境,易于聚集应变能量;震时震中区出现面膨胀等值线密集高梯度带,是地壳应变能量交换和释放剧烈区域。震中区最大剪应变变化不大,反映呼图壁地震逆冲性质,最大剪应变高值区对地震危险性有预示作用。 相似文献
3.
利用2009~2015年4期GPS观测资料,获得阿克陶M_S6. 7地震前震中附近区域水平运动速率、主应变率、面膨胀率及最大剪应变率,结合区域构造背景分析该区域变形动态特征,结果表明:(1)本次地震震前研究区速度场由南向北逐渐减弱,研究区南部帕米尔区域整体运动速率高于北部的南天山区域,以发震构造为界南北部区域的速率大小和方向均有差异。(2)研究区现今应变率场与该区域长期的地质构造背景相一致,震前逐渐增强的压应变为本次地震提供发震背景。研究区剪应变变化趋势优于面膨胀变化趋势。 相似文献
4.
2020年1月19日新疆伽师发生M S6.4地震,地震发生后,梳理了连续GNSS和流动GNSS的观测资料,发现震中附近站点运动方向与其东部站点的运动方向存在一定的差异,可能显示了震中附近区域应力震前处于失稳状态。巴楚—叶城基线挤压缩短速率快于以往,约为前期缩短速率的3倍,趋势转折时间近3年;从巴楚—乌恰基线可以看出该地震受东西向应力的作用较小。最新一期的流动GNSS结果显示,地震发生在剪应变高值向低值过渡的区域,发生在面膨胀负极值区域边缘;块体应变参数从短期变化来看,面膨胀值在增大的同时,剪应变在减小,也说明北北西向的正应力和北东东向剪应力的作用差异增大,断层的受力平衡被打破,这可能是地震发生的力学机制。 相似文献
5.
2008年5月12日汶川(31.0°N,103.4°E)MS8.0大地震发生在中国地壳运动观测网络区域网GPS观测站相当密集的地区.1000个站的GPS 非连续观测区域网分别在1999,2001,2004年和2007年作了4次观测.震前区域网GPS观测站得到的水平位移表明,汶川大地震主要力源是印度板块向北对中国大陆的挤压,但同时也受到东部与南部板块的挤压.与其它地区相比,震前震中附近水平位移最显著的特点是,汶川地震发生在南北地震带上位移分叉部位,即震中北部明显向东北位移,震中南部明显向东南位移,而震中附近的水平位移则明显小于其北面和南面的水平位移.简要讨论了应变计算结果的精度.为获取地震前的异常信息,分别采用趋势曲面拟合和统计方法研究了汶川地震前(1999—2007年)区域网的应变积累,寻找震中的大致区域.除了2001年昆仑山口西大地震震中及其周围地区外,1999—2007年震前区域网的应变积累的趋势曲面拟合表明,汶川地震发生在中国大陆第一剪应变积累大、范围最广的区域的东侧,且在此区域内积累较大的面压缩区的东北边缘.应变分量的统计分析表明,震前其分布在此区域及其附近同样有明显的异常,剪应变和面膨胀积累均增强. 相似文献
6.
GPS观测得到的1998~2003年中国大陆地壳应变 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
利用1998年9月至2003年9月底中国地壳运动观测网络基准站与基本站GPS观测所获得的多期水平位移结果, 计算了由观测站组成的各三角形的应变。 鉴于量级不大的应变时空变化的复杂性, 试图用统计的方法分析基本网观测得到的2001年11月14日昆仑山口西MS8.1大地震前后的应变。 此次地震前中国大陆, 特别是中国大陆西部变形有加剧过程, 且中国大陆西部最大剪应变方向总体上保持稳定。 这表明, 此次大地震前有明显的应变能积累; 而在震中附近2000~2001年地震前应变速率很低, 出现闭锁或成核现象。 由最接近震中三角形计算得到的最大剪应变方向确定地震断层走向为N89.3°E。 震后2002年的变形仍然较大, 但2002~2003年中国大陆, 特别是东部, 变形最小。 相似文献
7.
文中基于北天山地区2013—2018年期间的流动重力观测资料,详细分析了2016年12月8日呼图壁MS6. 2地震前、后区域重力场的时空分布特征及其与地震发生的关系,结果表明:1)重力变化等值线与断裂的走向基本一致,震前震中附近存在四象限分布,呼图壁MS6. 2地震发生在四象限分布的中心附近; 2)区域重力变化及点值时间序列显示震中区域积蓄的能量在地震后得到了释放,震中附近区域震后逐渐趋于稳态; 3)震前区域重力场的时空演化图像表现为"稳态—区域性重力异常—四象限分布特征性异常—反向变化发震"的系统演化过程。 相似文献
8.
基于2013年岷县漳县M6.6地震震源区及其邻区1999年以来的GPS观测资料,通过应变率动态特征分析、多期次GPS剖面分析和基线变形速率的分析讨论了地震的震前变形特征.GPS速度场和块体应变率表明,汶川地震的发生导致了柴达木地块运动与变形状态发生明显调整,但由于西秦岭北缘等深大断裂的存在,岷-秦地块对其响应不明显;GPS连续应变率显示,在汶川地震引起的区域地壳变形调整过程中岷县漳县地震震源区附近的应变积累速率有减缓的迹象;GPS剖面显示,平行于岷县漳县主破裂带的运动分量对汶川地震响应显著,汶川震后表现为剪切变形速率的增强,而垂直于主破裂带的运动分量则对汶川地震响应不明显;震中周边GPS基线变形速率表明,基线伸缩变化率总体呈现NW向拉张、NE向压缩状态,且拉张量明显小于压缩量.上述地壳变形动态特征表明西秦岭北缘断裂及其附近地区的应变积累水平和断层闭锁程度可能处于较高水平,在岷县漳县地震前该区表现出局部“硬化”迹象. 相似文献
9.
乌恰伽师地区GPS地壳运动监测网研究 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:5
通过对乌恰、伽师地区GPS监测网进行的6期复测,结合周边地区的IGS站数据,计算得到了该区50多个GPS点位在ITRF2000下的最新运动速率及相对欧亚板块(在NNR-NUVEL 1A地质模型下)的运动速率,由此得到了该区的现今地壳形变速率图.结果表明GPS站主要运动方向为北北西,基本上与天山褶皱带走向正交,形成对天山的正向挤压.同时对乌恰一伽师(20021225 Ms5.8)及伽师一巴楚(20030224 Ms6.8)地震前后的地壳运动进行了应变计算及分析,得出大震前震中及邻近地区会大面积产生高剪应变集中区的结论. 相似文献
10.
2008年3月21日新疆于田发生MS7.3级地震.本文通过处理、分析GPS数据,得到破裂断层北侧100 km附近的同震位移及震后形变信息.在观测区域GPS点监测到10 mm左右的同震位移,其中最大为南向14 mm,东向5 mm.同震位移呈现一致性的东南向运动特征,证实于田地震存在显著的左旋走滑分量.震后台站向西南方向运动,与同震位移方向不同,说明同震位移和震后形变具有不同的形变源.近普鲁断裂两侧的GPS点震后运动方向存在明显差异,表明于田地震可能触发了普鲁断裂的左旋滑动.普鲁断裂在于田地震发生后呈现的构造活动特征揭示普鲁断裂是康西瓦—西阿尔金断裂带的一部分,兼具左旋走滑与逆冲分量,吸收了青藏高原西北缘相对于塔里木盆地的东向逃逸与北向入侵作用. 相似文献
11.
断层错动对隧道的影响分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
隧道通过潜在地震地区时.存在活动断层的错动形成的重大工程地质问题的威胁.基于断裂儿何学和震源的运动学特征,以广州地区活动断裂为研究背景,通过在断层左右盘施加一定的速度荷载,模拟了断层错动达到0.28 m时对隧道的影响.得出隧道结构在断层错动影响下的位移和应力的变化规律.分别建立隧道结构距离断层50 m、100 m、150 m三个模型,比较了三种情况下的位移和应力状况.归纳出隧道与断层之间的安全距离. 相似文献
12.
测定震源深度的意义的初步讨论 总被引:32,自引:5,他引:32
在地震目录中,震源深度是地震学最基本的参数之一,然而它也是一个最不易测准的参数,PDE报告中的震源深度以及USGS和Harvard大学的CMT反演的矩心深度和利用宽频带波形的深度震相资料获得的震源深度各不相同,其含义也不同,而宽频带波形模拟得到又是一种破裂“核心”的深度。本文对不同测量手段的震源深度的不同物理意义做了初步的探讨。 相似文献
13.
沉积物再悬浮对食浮游动物鱼类捕食浮游动物的影响 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
在亚热带浅水湖泊中,由风浪引起沉积物再悬浮是其重要特征之一.沉积物再悬浮一方面直接影响浮游动物群落结构,另一方面通过影响食浮游动物鱼类对浮游动物的捕食而产生间接影响.以食浮游动物鱼类——餐条(Hemiculter leucisculus)为实验对象,通过模拟实验,比较不同再悬浮条件下餐条对浮游动物群落结构的影响.结果显示,在有餐条的处理组中,大型枝角类短钝溞(Daphnia obtusa)只在弱再悬浮条件下出现,并成为枝角类群落的优势种;在无餐条的处理组中,短钝溞生物量随再悬浮强度减弱而增加.强再悬浮(无餐条)和无再悬浮(有餐条)条件下,小型枝角类角突网纹溞(Ceriodaphnia cornuta)和盘肠溞(Chydorus sp.)为优势种.无论有、无餐条条件下,桡足类优势种均为中剑水蚤(Mesocyclops sp.),其生物量随再悬浮强度减弱而增加.所有处理组中,轮虫丰度均低于枝角类和桡足类丰度.研究表明,在亚热带浅水湖泊中,适当的悬浮质浓度既能干扰食浮游动物鱼类对大型浮游动物的捕食,又不影响大型浮游动物的生存,使得它们保持一定的丰度,通过对浮游植物的摄食,降低叶绿素a浓度. 相似文献
14.
章双立 《CT理论与应用研究》1995,4(3):21-24
保证CT的可靠运行,提供最佳质量的CT图,已成为临床放射全面质量控制的重要内容之一,本文以TCT80A和GE9000两台CT机为例,从维修角度谈CT机的质量保证。 相似文献
15.
Energy and thermal transfers in active volcanoes can play an important role incontrolling their dynamics depending on the hydrothermal state. Much geothermalenergy is released through the groundwater circulation, hot gas emission and thermalconduction. Therefore, it is very important to know the hydrological and thermalenvironments associated with volcanoes from the volcano-energetic point of view.However, it is difficult to evaluate these because of the availability of only a fewborehole data on the summit of volcanoes. Recent studies reveal that self-potential(SP) anomalies (up to some hundreds of mV) are observed on volcanoes, activefissure zones and/or fumarolic areas, suggesting that the SP anomalies are closelyrelated to heat-triggered phenomena such as thermoelectric and electrokinetic effectsdue to hydrothermal circulations. Therefore, SP studies can be appropriate for sensingthe thermal and hydrothermal states of volcanoes. In addition, monitoring SP anomaliescan be an efficient method for describing the change of thermal state and the evolutionof the hydrothermal (and volcanic) activities.In this paper, we have reviewed the origin of the SP anomalies associated withvolcanic phenomena theoretically as well as experimentally. Subsequently, wehave presented the results of many case studies and have classified the types ofanomalies in accordance with possible mechanisms. We have also described theresults of time variations of SP anomalies associated with volcanic activities. Timevarying SP fields exhibit the dynamic aspects of volcanic activities correspondingto the evolution of hydrothermal activity, changes in ground water circulation andmagma displacement. These morphological insights should lead to a quantitativeinterpretation of SP anomalies in volcanic regions. 相似文献
16.
Occurrence of water ponding on soil surfaces depending on infiltration rates on Mongolian rangeland
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Katori Miyasaka Sho Shiozawa Kazuhiro Nishida Siilegmaa Batsukh Shuichiro Yoshida Undarmaa Jamsran 《水文研究》2017,31(22):3996-4005
The occurrence of water ponding on soil surfaces during and after heavy rainfall produces surface run‐off or surface water accumulation in low‐lying areas, which might reduce the water supply to soils and result in a reduction of the soil water that plants can use, especially in arid climates. On Mongolian rangeland, we observed ponded water on the surface of a specific soil condition subjected to a heavy rainfall of 30 mm/hr. By contrast, ponded water was not observed for the same type of soil where livestock grazing had been removed for 6–8 years via a fence or for nearby soil containing less clay. We measured the infiltration rate (the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the surface soil, Ks) of the three sites by applying ponded water on the soil surface (an intake rate test). The results showed that Ks in the rangeland was lower than the rainfall intensity in the site where water ponded on the soil surface; however, Ks of the soil inside of the fence has recovered to 3 times that of the soil outside of the fence to exceed the rainfall intensity. Heavy rainfall that exceeds the infiltration rate occurs several times a year at the livestock grazing site where we observed ponded water. Slight water repellency of the soil reduces rain infiltration to increase the possibility of surface ponding for the soil. 相似文献
17.
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,¶rt; h a ¶rt;umuauu. 相似文献
18.
Introduction With rapid development of national economy, urbanization has been speeded up in China, and several city groups or city belts with extra-large cities as their centers have been formed. For example, Pearl River Delta urbanized area surrounds Guangzhou City, Shenzhen City, Zhuhai City; Yangtze River Delta urbanized area surrounds Shanghai City, Suzhou City, Wuxi City, Nanjing City, Hangzhou City; Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan urbanized area surrounds Beijing City, Tianjin City… 相似文献
19.
The goal of cathodic protection is to prevent corrosion by maintaining buried pipelines at a constant potential with respect to the surrounding soil. In practice, however, the implementation is very complicated since many factors can contribute to the current flowing off the pipe. Design requires characterization of the parameters impacting the corrosion process, such as soil resistivity, size of the pipe and quality of the coating.In the present paper, we have studied the effect of geomagnetic fields on the pipe-induced currents considering it as an additional cause of corrosion. A theoretical method implemented to model the induced currents was tested in a previous work and the effect during disturbed days was quantified. This theoretical model indicated that the intensity of the current induced in a pipeline by the varying geomagnetic field depends on the intensity and rate of change of the field and the electrical resistivity of the soil. This induced current is in equilibrium with the host current and there is no current drainage between the pipeline and the host until, along the length of the pipeline, the host resistivity becomes different. At that point, current must flow between the pipe and host in order to establish a new equilibrium. It is this drainage current, flowing between the pipeline and the host, which causes corrosion problems.Following these results, experimental tests were performed in Tierra del Fuego. In this zone, a geophysical study was made to determine the discontinuities in soil resistivities and simultaneous measurements of the geomagnetic field and the drainage of current were recorded at different sites. The results obtained from the correlation of the data are consistent with the theoretical predictions. 相似文献
20.
Eroded sediment may have significant effects on the hydraulics of overland flow, but few studies have been performed to quantify these effects on steep slopes. This study investigated the potential effects of sediment load on Reynolds number, Froude number, flow depth, mean velocity, Darcy–Weisbach friction coefficient, shear stress, stream power, and unit stream power of overland flow in a sand‐glued hydraulic flume under a wide range of hydraulic conditions and sediment loads. Slope gradients were varied from 8·7 to 34·2%, unit flow rates from 0·66 to 5·26×10?3 m2 s?1, and sediment loads from 0 to 6·95 kg m?1 s?1. Both Reynolds number (Re) and Froude number (Fr) decreased as sediment load increased, implying a decrease in flow turbulence. This inverse relationship should be considered in modeling soil erosion processes. Flow depth increased as sediment load increased with a mean value of 1·227 mm, caused by an increase in volume of sediment‐laden flow (contribution 62·4%) and a decrease in mean flow velocity (contribution 37·6%). The mean flow velocity decreased by up to 0·071 m s?1 as sediment load increased. The Darcy–Weisbach friction coefficient (f) increased with sediment load, showing that the total energy consumption increased with sediment load. The effects of sediment load on f depended on flow discharge: as flow discharge increased, the influence of sediment load on f decreased due to increased flow depth and reduced relative roughness. Flow shear stress and stream power increased with sediment load, on average, by 80·5% and 60·2%, respectively; however, unit stream power decreased by an average of 11·1% as sediment load increased. Further studies are needed to extend and apply the insights obtained under these controlled conditions to real‐world overland flow conditions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献