共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 93 毫秒
1.
国家地理信息系统展望 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Jack Dangermond 《测绘科学》2008,33(1):29-32
本文是ESRI公司于2007年初给美国政府提交的一份关于建设国家级GIS系统的报告,指出目前各领域的GIS系统已经发展到需要相互关联,以建成国家级平台创造更大的效益的阶段。报告描绘了建立国际级GIS系统的愿景,并阐述了系统的构建和实现途径,实现这样一个目标将涉及许多不同部门的参与与协作。 相似文献
2.
3.
4.
5.
The Swiss Federal Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research in Davos (SLF) provides snow depth maps for Switzerland on a spatial resolution of 1 km × 1 km. These snow depth maps are derived from snow station measurements using a spatial interpolation method based on the dependency of snow depth and altitude. During a winter season the number of operating snow stations varies and the area-wide snow depth interpolation becomes increasingly difficult in spring. The objective of the study is to develop an operational and near-real time method to calculate snow depth maps using a combination of in situ snow depth measurements and the snow cover extent provided from space borne observations. The operational daily snow cover product obtained from the polar-orbiting NOAA-AVHRR satellite is used to gain an additional set of virtual snow stations to densify the in situ measurements for an improved spatial interpolation. The capacity of this method is demonstrated on selected days during winter 2005. Cross-validation tests are conducted to examine the quantitative accuracy of the synergetic interpolation method. The error estimators prove the decrease in error variance and increase of overall accuracy pointing out the high capacity of this new interpolation method that can be run in near real-time over a large horizontal domain at high horizontal resolution. A solid method for snow–no snow classification in the processing of the satellite data is essential to the quality of the snow depth maps. 相似文献
6.
Web GIS在广西水库管理信息系统中的应用 总被引:1,自引:2,他引:1
地理信息是水利信息化工作的重要基础之一,水利行业需要运用先进的信息管理手段来提高工作效率,推进信息化建设进程,地理信息系统(GIS)技术为水利行业信息管理的标准化、网络化、空间化提供了有效的工具。广西水库管理信息系统是一个充分利用最新发展的计算机应用技术,采用信息技术、可视化技术、多媒体技术,结合行业规划及管理需要,各种功能完善的基于WebGIS的水库管理地理信息系统。本文介绍基于WebGIS的广西水库管理信息系统的设计和实现,阐述WebGIS技术在水库管理中的重要作用和成功应用。 相似文献
7.
论述了GPS形变监测网的建立和观测方法,提出一种利用GPS数据计算监测点坐标的方法,实现了应用GIS科学地管理各种变形监测信息。 相似文献
8.
面向国土空间规划的测绘地理信息技术及数据成果服务应用展望 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
新时代国土空间规划体系的顶层设计和“四梁八柱”建设及未来的智慧型国土空间规划需要数字化、信息化技术支撑。以空间数据获取与分析为主要特征的测绘地理信息,能为国土空间规划的编制、审批、修改和实施监督各环节提供有效的技术服务和基于数据成果的定制服务。而融合现状数据、规划数据、管理数据,实现统一“底图”、统一“底数”、统一“底线”、统一“底板”的国土空间规划“一张图”,以及支撑国土空间规划动态监测评估预警的国土空间规划“一张图”实施监督信息系统,是可感知、能学习、善治理和自适应的智慧型国土空间规划发展的重要保障。本文在梳理“五级三类”国土空间规划体系基本构成和特征的基础上,从技术体系和数据成果定制体系两个方面,研究了面向国土空间规划的测绘地理信息服务体系,展望了面向智慧型国土空间规划的测绘地理信息应用。 相似文献
9.
10.
Web GIS通常被认为是运行在Internet/Intranet之上的地理传息系统,是GIS在Web环境下的扩展争延伸。Web GIS可以实现在Web环境下用浏览器浏览、查询和分析服务器管理的地理空间数据并将结果可视化。基于GeoMediaWebMap地图发布软件平台,结合成都市地价监测体系建设过程中地价信息发布工作的需要,通过设置“成都市地价信息网”网站,实现了Web GIS在企业内部网(Intranet)上的应用。 相似文献
11.
许多城市建立的相对稠密的网格化监测站点,为精细化监管城市空气质量奠定了基础。本文选用徐州市网格化监测数据、地球静止卫星Himawari-8/AHI及COMS/GOCI的表观反射率和气溶胶光学厚度数据、气象和其他辅助数据,开展了徐州地区0.005°空间分辨率网格的PM2.5浓度精细化制图研究。本文使用了极端梯度提升(XGBoost)、随机森林(RF)及时空加权回归(GTWR)等3种方法,并选用多种特征参数组合进行对比分析。综合分析模型精度和过拟合程度,结果表明XGBoost模型表现最好,其R2为0.90,RMSE为11.65 μg/m3。进一步将本文结果与国控站点、清华大学的TAP数据集和马里兰大学的CHAP数据集的对比分析,结果表明基于网格化站点的PM2.5制图结果能更好地反映城市内部不同区域的PM2.5浓度分布差异性,弥补因国控站点稀疏带来的缺陷,更好地服务于城市空气质量精准管控。 相似文献
12.
基于GIS的连锁企业商品配送服务 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
主要研究了基于GIS的连锁商业企业的商品配送服务信息系统中的一个基本问题———如何根据居民点的服务请求确定配送商品的连锁商店。首先根据引力模型对连锁商店的服务域进行了讨论,在忽略了连锁商店的规模影响的基础上,导出了Voronoi多边形的商店服务域,并确定了由最邻近居民点的连锁商店提供商品配送服务的原则。于是问题转化为如何快速计算最邻近居民点的连锁商店的技术问题。我们提出了Voronoi多边形空间查询的新方法,通过与点对欧氏距离、缓冲区结合欧氏距离两种方法的比较,证明了Voronoi多边形空间查询的高效率,新方法的应用显著地提升了应用系统的效率。 相似文献
13.
大气污染物浓度全方位动态监测是进行区域大气污染精细化防控的重要前提。为开展长三角地区小时分辨率PM2.5浓度无缝制图,本研究通过耦合AOD缺失信息重建与多模数据融合技术,建立了一套能够有效集成卫星遥感、地面观测、数值模拟等多源异构数据资料的近地面PM2.5浓度无缝制图方案,并据此生产了2015年—2020年长三角地区小时分辨率无缝PM2.5浓度格点数据产品。结果表明:本研究生产的PM2.5浓度无缝格点产品与国控站点观测数据的交叉验证相关系数达0.9,平均偏差不超过10 μg·m-3。较于空间分布不均且相对稀疏的站点观测PM2.5浓度资料,面域无缝PM2.5浓度格点数据更能有效揭示长三角地区PM2.5污染的时空变化特征;在2015年—2020年研究期内,其平均下降速率超过3 μg·m-3·a-1。本研究发展的PM2.5浓度无缝制图方法和生产的相关数据产品有望为区域灰霾污染防控和PM2.5暴露健康风险评估研究提供方法参考和基础数据支撑。 相似文献
14.
15.
16.
Hyun Jung Cho Igor Ogashawara Deepak Mishra Joseph White Andrew Kamerosky Lori Morris 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2014,51(2):120-138
Differentiation between benthic habitats, particularly seagrass and macroalgae, using satellite data is complicated because of water column effects plus the presence of chlorophyll-a in both seagrass and algae that result in similar spectral patterns. Hyperspectral imager for the coastal ocean data over the Indian River Lagoon, Florida, USA, was used to develop two benthic classification models, SlopeRED and SlopeNIR. Their performance was compared with iterative self-organizing data analysis technique and spectral angle mapping classification methods. The slope models provided greater overall accuracies (63–64%) and were able to distinguish between seagrass and macroalgae substrates more accurately compared to the results obtained using the other classifications methods. 相似文献
17.
Shashank Shekhar 《国际地球制图》2015,30(4):402-421
The present study has been undertaken to delineate the groundwater potential zones in the hard rock terrain of Palamu district, Jharkhand using the advanced applications of remote sensing, geographical information systems and analytic hierarchy process techniques. The integration and analyses of various thematic databases viz., geomorphology, lithology, soil, slope, lineament density, weathered zone thickness, drainage density and rainfall proved useful in the delineation of GWP zones. The study indicates that only 136?km2 of the study area exhibit excellent groundwater potential, 248?km2 has very good groundwater potential, whereas 36.89 and 38.23% are under poor and very poor groundwater potential zones, respectively. Hence, only a total of 11.6% of the area (490?km2) is classified as high to excellent groundwater potential. The final groundwater prospect map obtained was classified as excellent potential, very good potential, good potential, moderate potential, poor potential and very poor potential zone. 相似文献
18.
Due to the population growth and continuous migration of people from rural areas to urban areas, it is important to identify the suitable locations for future development in order to find suitable sites for various kinds of facilities such as schools, hospital and fire stations for new and existing urban areas. Site suitability modelling is a complex process involving various kinds of objectives and issues. Such a complex process includes spatial analysis, use of several decision support tools such as high-spatial resolution remotely sensed data, geographical information system (GIS) and multi criteria analysis (MCA) such as analytical hierarchy process (AHP), and in some cases, prediction techniques like cellular automata (CA) or artificial neural networks (ANN). This paper presents a comparison between the results of AHP and the ordinary least square (OLS) evaluation model, based on various criteria, to select suitable sites for new hospitals in Qazvin city, Iran. Based on the obtained results, proximity to populated areas (0.3) and distance to air polluted areas (0.23–0.26) were the two highest important criteria with high weight value. The results show that these two techniques not only have similarity in size (in m2) for each suitability class but they also have similarity in spatial distribution of each class in the entire study area. Based on calculations of both techniques, 1–2%, 25%, 40–43%, 16–20% and 14% of study areas are assigned as ‘not suitable', ‘less suitable', ‘moderately suitable', ‘suitable' and ‘most suitable' areas for construction of new hospitals. Results revealed that a 75% similarity was found in the distribution of suitability classes in Qazvin city using both techniques. Nineteen per cent (19%) of the study area are assigned as ‘suitable' and ‘most suitable' by both methods, so these areas can be considered as safe or secure areas for clinical purposes. Moreover, almost all (99.8%) suitable areas are located in district 3, because of its higher population, less numbers of existing hospitals and large numbers of barren land plots of acceptable size. 相似文献
19.