Bukit Timah 花岗岩的动态拉伸力学特性实验研究

本文采用劈裂拉伸和三点弯曲法研究了Bukit Timah 花岗岩的动态拉伸力学特性.实验结果表明,当加载速率每增加一个量级,用两种方法得到的花岗岩抗拉强度增加10%.实验结果还表明,对于同种加载速率的花岗岩试样,由三点弯曲法得到的岩石抗拉强度约为劈裂拉伸法得到的2.5倍.与抗拉强度相比,实验得到的花岗岩弹性模量数据比较离散,变化幅度也不大.基于实验结果,本文还对岩石拉伸力学特性机理进行了初步分析.     

Temperature-dependent abrasivity of Bukit Timah granite and implications for drill bit wear in thermo-mechanical drilling

Acta Geotechnica - Thermo-mechanical drilling combines the advantages of flame thermal treatment and rotary head drilling to achieve a high penetration rate in granitic rocks and a low wear rate of...     

软土的弹塑性各向异性损伤分析

以热力学理论为基础,提出考虑各向异性损伤的能量指标概念,构造损伤势函数,建立损伤的演化方程,进而建立软土的弹塑性各向异性损伤力学模型。应用此模型分析试验,结果与试验相吻合。     

温度作用下缺陷花岗岩热损伤:以甘肃北山缺陷花岗岩为例

为了研究温度作用下缺陷花岗岩的热损伤问题,以甘肃北山缺陷花岗岩为例,从损伤力学和热力学的角度出发,研究了缺陷花岗岩内部热应力的产生机理,推导出缺陷花岗岩裂纹热损伤的临界应力公式,分析了高温作用对花岗岩热弹性比能变化的影响规律,建立了温度作用下花岗岩热损伤演化方程,并对温度作用下花岗岩应力损伤面可能存在的形态进行了研究。对含缺陷的花岗岩在温度作用下结构内部结构晶体单元损伤、晶体单元损伤应力变化规律进行数值模拟,结果表明:当模拟温度升高到60℃时,花岗岩缺陷裂纹附近出现明显的热损伤,远离缺陷处出现微弱的热损伤;当温度升高到120℃时,花岗岩缺陷处剪切破坏特征明显,裂纹处的热损伤点继续增大,远离缺陷处出现非常明显的不间断损伤点,损伤量、热应力、能量累计数出现了突变;此后,随着温度升高到200℃,损伤增量变化微弱。北山缺陷花岗岩的损伤量和温度之间存在直接的演化关系。     

Numerical Analysis of Blast-Induced Stress Waves in a Rock Mass with Anisotropic Continuum Damage Models Part 2: Stochastic Approach

Summary This paper reports the second part of the study carried out by the authors on the underground explosion-induced stress wave propagation and damage in a rock mass. In the accompanying paper reporting the first part of the study, equivalent material properties were used to model the effects of existing cracks and joints in the rock mass. The rock mass and its properties were treated as deterministic. In this paper, existing random cracks and joints are modeled as statistical initial damage of the rock mass. In numerical calculation, an anisotropic continuum damage model including both the statistical anisotropic initial damage and cumulative damage dependent on principal tensile strain and stochastic critical tensile strain is suggested to model rock mass behavior under explosion loads. The statistical estimation of stress wave propagation in the rock mass due to underground explosion is evaluated by Rosenblueth's point estimate method. The suggested models and statistical solution process are also programmed and linked to Autodyn3D as its user's subroutines. Numerical results are compared with the field test data and those presented in the accompanying paper obtained with equivalent material property approach.     

Two and three-dimensional slope stability reanalyses of Bukit Batok slope

A residual soil slope in Singapore that failed on two occasions, in 1989 and 1991, was reanalysed using two (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) slope stability analyses. The geometry of the slope in 1989 differed from that in 1991. The 2D and 3D slope stability analyses on the slope that failed in 1989 showed that the average shear strength parameters of the residual soils are representative of the slope and the factors of safety obtained from 2D slope stability analyses are not necessarily more conservative than 3D slope stability analyses. The analyses also showed that the slope failed in 1989 due to rising groundwater table. The analyses of the slope in 1991 showed that the slope experienced shallow failure due to the high groundwater table. Analyses of the slope after lowering of groundwater table by horizontal drains showed that the factor of safety of the slope has improved tremendously. The differences in factors of safety for 2D and 3D slope stability analyses are greater for low groundwater table as compared with those for high groundwater table. The results illustrated how 3D slope stability analyses have become less daunting to perform and can be incorporated into routine slope designs.     

Numerical Analysis of Blast-Induced Stress Waves in a Rock Mass with Anisotropic Continuum Damage Models Part 1: Equivalent Material Property Approach

Summary This paper uses the concept of anisotropic damage mechanics to analyze dynamic responses of a granite site under blasting loads. An anisotropic continuum damage model is suggested to model rock mass behavior under blasting loads. The effects of existing cracks and joints in the rock mass are considered by using equivalent rock material properties obtained from both field and laboratory test data. The anisotropic damage accumulations are simulated by continuous degradation of equivalent material stiffness and strength during loading process and are calculated using the exponential function with respect to the principal tensile strain in three directions. The suggested models are programmed and linked to an available computer program Autodyn3D through its user's subroutine capability. Stress wave propagation and damage zone in the rock mass induced by underground explosions are simulated. Numerical results of damaged area, peak particle velocity and acceleration attenuation as well as acceleration time histories and Fourier spectra are compared with those from independent field tests.     

青岛大珠山高分异花岗岩地球化学特征与含矿性分析

青岛大珠山位于莱州湾南西,小珠山南西侧,属于中生代晚燕山期酸性侵入花岗岩体,岩性以中粗粒钾长花岗岩和花岗斑岩为主。前人对小珠山地球化学特征已有研究,但大珠山花岗岩地球化学研究尚处空白阶段。对所取的十件样品进行岩相学、全岩主微量及稀土元素、Li同位素、锆石U- Pb测年、斜长石电子探针原位分析。结果显示：岩相学表明研究区花岗岩含有锂辉石,有明显伟晶岩脉,岩石类型为I—S型花岗岩;样品为高硅花岗岩（SiO2=66. 97%~74. 97%）;全碱含量高(Na2O+K2O=8. 70%~10. 73%),属于过铝质高钾钙碱性系列;Eu负异常明显(δEu=0. 25~0. 56)。计算高分异花岗岩常见指数：铝饱和指数(A/CNK=0. 91~1. 01);分异指数(DI)为87. 07~96. 65;锆饱和温度为836. 3~862. 6℃;锆石Ti温度计反映岩浆结晶温度为698. 5~738. 9℃。年代学表明样品年龄为113. 1±0. 36Ma,为早白垩世崂山期花岗岩。研究区花岗岩具有明显稀土元素四分组效应(TE1,3=1. 04~1. 15)和较高氧逸度,表明研究区花岗伟晶岩具有锂矿的成矿潜力。花岗岩分异过程经历斜长石、锆石、磷灰石等矿物的分离结晶。岩浆沿岛弧和大陆碰撞俯冲带裂缝上涌,形成具有成矿潜力的高分异花岗岩。     

花岗岩风化残积物粒度分维特征分析

对厦门某场地花岗岩风化残积物的粒度分布分析结果表明 :花岗岩风化残积物粒度分布具分形特征 ,风化程度越高 ,粒度分维越大 ;粒度分维反映颗粒粗细、颗粒级配 ,粒度分维可以作为划分风化带和评价力学性质、渗透性的一个指标。     

Three Dimensional Statistical Damage Constitutive Model of Rock Based on Griffith Strength Criterion

Geotechnical and Geological Engineering - According to the damage mechanics theory and Lemaitre strain equivalence theory, because most rock materials are brittle materials, Griffith strength...     

高温冻土三轴强度分布及损伤统计本构模型

由于高温冻土内部含有大量随机分布的初始缺陷,从而使其力学性质具有明显的离散性和随机性.基于3种不同围压下的试验结果,利用K-S检验法对强度的概率分布进行了拟合检验,结果表明Weibull分布能较好地描述高温冻土的强度分布,随后对强度进行了可靠度分析.基于连续损伤理论和Drucker-Prager准则,建立了高温冻土的损伤统计本构模型.通过3种不同围压下的试验结果与之对比分析,表明该模型可以较好地反映出高温冻土应力应变曲线的变化过程.     

高温冻土三轴强度分布及损伤统计本构模型

由于高温冻土内部含有大量随机分布的初始缺陷,从而使其力学性质具有明显的离散性和随机性.基于3种不同围压下的试验结果,利用K-S检验法对强度的概率分布进行了拟合检验,结果表明Weibull分布能较好地描述高温冻土的强度分布,随后对强度进行了可靠度分析.基于连续损伤理论和Drucker-Prager准则,建立了高温冻土的损伤统计本构模型.通过3种不同围压下的试验结果与之对比分析,表明该模型可以较好地反映出高温冻土应力应变曲线的变化过程.     

花岗岩型地质处置库情景试构建与分析

高水平放射性废物(高放废物)地质处置库关闭后长期演变情景的构建和定量分析是安全评价的关键。研究以拟建于北山预选区的花岗岩型处置库为研究对象,对情景开发及其分析进行了初步探索。采用"自下而上"的情景开发方法,构建了处置库关闭后预期演变情景和3类典型的非预期演变情景,对各类情景条件下的核素释放率进行了计算和分析。结果表明,现有条件下,处置库具备较好的安全性;为提升安全评价的可靠度,需要进一步加强情景不确定性的分析。     

煤层底板破坏深度统计分析

受奥陶纪石炭岩（下称奥灰）水威胁的煤层的开采,是当前一个重要的研究课题,其发展方向之一是“带压开采”。近年来,一些科研单位与生产现场合作,先后进行了十多次“带压开采”试验。通常采用综合观测的方法,来观测煤层底板岩层导水性、声波速度、位移和压力等在煤层开采前后的变化,对底板岩层的破坏程度进行综合性的判断,为论证奥灰承压水上煤层开采的可行性与安全性提供依据。     

Statistical Analysis of the Completeness of a Seismic Catalogue

Among the numerous issues that the study of seismic events presents, theincompleteness of catalogues is certainly one of the most important. It is also one that only the contribution of many and different skills canprovide with a valid solution. In this paper the search for the complete part of a catalogue is expressed in terms of identification of the changepoint in a hierarchical Bayesian model. Stochastic simulation methods, recently presented in the literature, have enabled us to overcome the computational issues that previously made this approach prohibitive. We have applied the method on data, drawn from the Italian NT4.1.1 catalogue,related to some seismogenetic zones of ZS.4 zonation within which we assumespatial incompleteness to be homogeneous. The results obtained are given inthe concluding sections of the paper.     

Application of Image Analysis to Observe Microstructure in Sandstone and Granite

Abstract: Advanced techniques are examined to observe microstructure of rocks using image analysis combined with methods such as the fluorescent approach and the application of optical characteristics of minerals. Analyzed are discrimination of grains in rocks, distribution patterns of grain orientation in sandstone, changes of grain shape as weathering advances and distribution patterns of microcracks in granite. In Shirahama sandstone, relatively large and flat grains are orientated parallel to the bedding on the plane perpendicular to the bedding, while grains on the plane parallel to the bedding show random patterns. In weathered granite, it is clarified that the grain surface becomes complex as weathering advances and differences among three major mineral species are identified. In Inada granite, intracrystalline cracks predominate over intercrystalline cracks and grain boundary cracks both in total length and number. Furthermore, three types of microcracks show different orientations; the intercrystalline cracks show a dominant orientation which coincides with the orientation of the rift plane, the easiest plane to split, while the intracrystalline cracks and grain boundary cracks show no preferred orientation.