三峡水库香溪河流域梯级水库浮游植物群落结构特征

于2005年10月、2006年1、4、7月对三峡水库香溪河流域3座水库(古洞口一级水库、古洞口二级水库和香溪河库湾)组成的梯级水库的浮游植物种类组成、优势种、群落结构、密度和生物多样性指数进行了周年调查研究.共鉴定出浮游植物7门58属121种(含变种),以绿藻和硅藻种类最多,绿藻有26属49种,占40.50%;硅藻14属41种,占33.88%;其次是甲藻,3属11种,占9.09%;蓝藻5属7种,占5.79%;隐藻3属7种,占5.79%;其它藻类仅占4.96%.浮游植物在古洞口一级水库共有25属31种,古洞口二级水库29属40种,香溪河库湾46属81种.优势度分析显示:古洞口一级水库藻类优势类群为硅藻门、绿藻门,古洞口二级水库为硅藻门、隐藻门和甲藻门,香溪河库湾为绿藻门、硅藻门、甲藻门和隐藻门.3座水库浮游植物年均密度分别为1.110×106、4.837×105和1.734×106 cells/L;其中,最高密度出现在香溪河库湾(4.87×106 cells/L),最低密度出现在古洞口二级水库(5.76×105 cells/L).运用主成分分析对梯级水库进行水质分析,表明沿着水库的梯度水质逐渐恶化.Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数在3座水库间无明显差异,而香溪河库湾Margalef丰富度指数显著大于古洞口一级、二级水库.前两个指数与浮游植物优势种的评价结果显示,香溪河流域梯级水库处于中污染状态.     

山东某新建水库浮游藻类的群落结构特征及其环境驱动因子

基于山东某新建水库中2014年4月-2017年12月的浮游藻类和水质监测结果,研究了藻类群落结构特征,采用非度量多维尺度分析了各年份不同季节藻类群落结构的相似性,利用冗余分析探究了藻类群落结构和环境因子的关系.结果表明：尖针杆藻（Synedra acus）、湖泊伪鱼腥藻（Pseudanabaena limnetica）和小球藻（Chlorella vulgaris）为此水库的主要优势藻种.水库藻类群落结构的季节演替不稳定,冬、春季多以硅藻和绿藻占优势,不同年份夏、秋季藻类结构差异较大,蓝藻和硅藻在夏、秋季存在一定的竞争优势.该水库于2013年底开始启用,由于水体环境的波动,藻类群落结构有所变化,整体上是由蓝藻-绿藻-硅藻向硅藻-绿藻-蓝藻变化.水库浮游藻类生长主要受到氮盐和高锰酸盐指数影响,但不同年份的主要环境影响因子存在一定差异.     

Asynchrony of spring phytoplankton response to temperature driver within a spatial heterogeneity bay of Three-Gorges Reservoir, China

The increased air temperature is expected to have important driver on spring phytoplankton dynamics. To test whether spatial heterogeneity modifies the synchronous responses of phytoplankton to regional temperature driver, we evaluate temporal coherences for physical factors (temperature, water stability and non-algal light extinction), nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus and silicon), and biomass and density of phytoplankton by Pearson correlation analysis and synchrony for phytoplankton community dynamics by Mantel test and nonmetric multi-dimensional scaling (NMS), during spring bloom (February 23–April 28, 2005) within Xiangxi Bay, a high spatial gradient bay of Three-Gorges Reservoir (China). The high level of temporal coherences for surface water temperature (r = 0.946, p < 0.01) and relative water column stability (r = 0.750, p < 0.01) were found between pair sites (A and B), in which the increase trends occurred with increase in regional air temperature during the study period. However, the low synchrony for phytoplankton dynamics were indeed observed between Site A and B, especially for the density of common dominant taxa (Cyclotella spp.: r = 0.155, p = 0.388) and community structure (Mantel test: r = 0.351). Moreover, the local habitat characteristics such as nutrient (nitrogen and phosphorus) and non-algal light extinction showed low levels of temporal coherence. It indicated that local community of phytoplankton varies rather independently within the single lentic bay with high spatial heterogeneity and that dispersal of algal organisms among locations cannot overwhelm out these local dynamics. Contrary to many studies, the present results argued that, in a small geographic area (i.e., a single reservoir bay of approximately 24 km length), spatial gradients also may influence spring phytoplankton response to regional temperature driver.     

三峡水库香溪河库湾春季水华期间浮游植物昼夜垂直分布与迁移

三峡水库蓄水后,香溪河库湾每年春季均会暴发硅、甲藻水华.为了揭示香溪河库湾水华的暴发规律,于2008年春季对水华期间优势浮游植物的昼夜垂直分布格局及其影响因子进行了研究.利用时间深度等值图模拟浮游植物在水柱中的昼夜垂直分布格局,并用Morisita指数对其进行定量检验,采用修正的K-S test来检验浮游植物是否存在昼...     

Shallow-water benthic macroinvertebrate community of the limnic part of a lowland Polish dam reservoir

Biodiversity, abundance and taxonomic composition of shallow-water zoobenthos were studied in the W?oc?awek Dam Reservoir (the lower Vistula River, central Poland). The following habitats located near the shore were studied: (1) sandy bottom in the flooded part of the reservoir; (2) sandy bottom close to the main riverine flow in the reservoir and (3) organic-rich bottom covered by a thick layer of plant remnants in a shallow, isolated cove. In each habitat we investigated two sites (ca. 0.5 and 1 m depth). Also examined was the bottom of a phytolittoral site (sandy bottom, with elodeids and nympheids, 1 m depth), located in the flooded zone. In general, the bottom fauna was highly diverse and abundant in these habitats. The highest biodiversity (38 taxa, Shannon-Wiener index=4.3) was found on the bottom rich in organic matter. However, the zoobenthos abundance in this habitat was comparatively low, probably due to periodical oxygen deficiencies. The highest density of bottom fauna (>30,000 individuals per m²), accompanied by its high biodiversity, occurred at the phytolittoral site. The benthic community of the organic-rich sediments was the most distinct, with many taxa occurring exclusively in this area. The composition of the bottom fauna, from the two sandy habitats and phytolittoral, also differed from one another. The differences in taxonomic composition between the shallower and deeper sites were less pronounced. Lower densities at the shallower sandy sites and a very high variability of taxonomic composition among particular samples from these sites indicated lower stability of their environmental conditions. These were certainly due to water level fluctuations and/or destructive wave action. On the other hand, no such differences were found between the sites of various depths from the organic-rich sediments, showing that this substratum provided better protection against adverse hydrodynamical factors.     

Impact of stress and disturbance factors on the phytoplankton communities in Northeastern Brazil reservoir

The ecology of phytoplankton reservoir communities plays a pivotal role in their management and in the development of inland fisheries in the water scarce semi-arid regions of Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil. The hydrological conditions characterizing these reservoirs include infrequent rainfall and high evaporative loses. The phytoplankton assemblages in tropical climate are structured primarily on dry and wet cycles, not the annual temperature and light regime. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the ecological aspects of phytoplankton communities from three reservoirs during the period of July 2003–June 2004, which include atypical summer rainfall and reservoir overflow. The environmental data broadly divided into two categories, stress factors and disturbance factors. The stress factors deals with the impact of high particulate organic matter and low dissolved oxygen concentrations and disturbance factors, linked to water level fluctuation through flushing and reservoir drawdown, and these events are associated with the phytoplankton assemblages. Results indicated that the three distinct hydroperiods determined the structure of phytoplankton and chlorophyll levels and limited the presence and relative abundance of cyanobacterial species. Phytoplankton succession accompanied changes in clear and turbid water phase represented by the alternate dominance between diatoms and chlorophytes. Inundation and complete filling of reservoir stimulated “s” and “r” strategists species (<20 um) of unicellular and some colonial members of chlorophytes and cryptomonads in highly turbid water environment, and “c” strategist species in rest of the wet period following disturbance gradients. Statistical analysis elicited a significant relationship between particulate organic matter and relative abundance of smaller chlorophytes, which was deemed as stress factor. The flushing and reservoir drawdown indicate disturbance gradient and as a consequence high diversity. Furthermore, a substantial reduction in chlorophyll levels was registered in turbid water phase is related to the reduction of light penetration and re-suspension of sediments. Considering these results, it can be suggested that the well-managed reservoir drawdown can possibly maintain an environment free of eutrophication and cyanobacterial dominance.     

动态调水过程水文和理化因子共同驱动丹江口水库库湾浮游植物季节变化

丹江口水库是南水北调中线工程水源地,库湾是水库型湖泊水质安全敏感区,动态调水过程库湾水质直接关系到调水安全.为探究动态调水过程中丹江口水库库湾浮游植物季节变化规律和驱动因子,2018年7月—2019年7月,从丹库入库口到渠首调水口,按季节对18个样点进行水质和浮游植物群落组成分析.从整个丹库来看,浮游植物全年总丰度变化范围为0.43×10~3～4.7× 10~6 cells/L,夏季最高,秋季最低;Shannon-Wiener指数春季最高,秋季最低.春季群落为硅藻—绿藻型,夏季为绿藻—硅藻型,秋季为蓝藻型,冬季为蓝藻—绿藻—硅藻型,秋季蓝藻相对丰度最高.位于丹库准保护区内的库湾胡寨,秋季水体电导率、总氮、总磷和叶绿素a浓度最大,蓝藻丰度最高.从入库口经库湾到调水口,浮游植物群落组成存在明显演替.从水文因子来看,秋季水库水位较高,调水流速和流量增加,线性回归分析表明,水位对ShannonWiener指数的影响最为明显,水位越高则多样性指数越低;流量和流速与Shannon-Wiener指数也呈负相关,但相关性较低.方差分解分析发现,水文因子和理化因子共同影响了浮游植物群落组成;偏Mantel分析显示3个库湾浮游植物群落组成与水温、氧化还原电位、化学需氧量、总氮和总磷浓度相关;典范对应分析也表明,总氮是影响库湾浮游植物群落组成最显著的环境因子.人类干扰活动改变了库湾水质理化性质,强干扰提高了蓝藻门丰度.因此,控制库湾人类干扰强度,尤其在水位和调水量较高的秋季,对于改善水体藻类组成、保护整个丹江口水库水质具有重要意义.     

Assessing the impacts of reservoir operation on downstream water diversions using a simplified flow model

ABSTRACT

The operation of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) affects the evolution of the interactions between the Yangtze River and Dongting Lake in China and water diversions from the river, which are essential to water resources management in this large river–lake system. Due to the lack of up-to-date and detailed channel topographic/bathymetric data, a simplified flow model based on rating curves was developed to simulate discharges in the river system, and to further quantify and differentiate the contributions of river erosion and flow regulation of the TGR at a seasonal scale. The results indicate that the effect of channel alteration counteracts the effect of reservoir regulation in the high-flow periods. The impacts of TGR regulation on water diversions for both pre- and post-flood seasons were significant, but no obvious changes in the discharge diversion ratios were observed on an annual time scale.     

Quantifying differences between reservoir inflows and dam site floods using frequency and risk analysis methods

Reservoirs are the most important constructions for water resources management and flood control. Great concern has been paid to the effects of reservoir on downstream area and the differences between inflows and dam site floods due to the changes of upstream flow generation and concentration conditions after reservoir’s impoundment. These differences result in inconsistency between inflow quantiles and the reservoir design criteria derived by dam site flood series, which can be a potential risk and must be quantificationally evaluated. In this study, flood frequency analysis (FFA) and flood control risk analysis (FCRA) methods are used with the long reservoir inflow series derived from a multiple inputs and single output model and a copula-based inflow estimation model. The results of FFA and FCRA are compared and the influences on reservoir flood management are also discussed. The Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) in China is selected as a case study. Results show that the differences between the TGR inflow and dam site floods are significant which result in changes on its flood control risk rates. The mean values of TGR’s annual maximum inflow peak discharge and 3 days flood volume have increased 5.58 and 3.85% than the dam site ones, while declined by 1.82 and 1.72% for the annual maximum 7 and 15 days flood volumes. The flood control risk rates of middle and small flood events are increased while extreme flood events are declined. It is shown that the TGR can satisfy the flood control task under current hydrologic regime and the results can offer references for better management of the TGR.     

三峡水库枯水期补水调度对洞庭湖越冬白鹤(Grus leucogeranus)摄食栖息地的影响

摄食栖息地面积是反映越冬水鸟生存空间的直接指标,三峡水库运行后洞庭湖枯水期水文节律出现新的变化,给越冬水鸟摄食栖息地造成的影响尚不明确.为定量描述三峡水库枯水期不同出库流量对洞庭湖越冬水鸟摄食栖息地的影响,以洞庭湖典型的珍稀越冬水鸟——白鹤(Grus leucogeranus)为指示性候鸟,以白鹤摄食对栖息地水深需求作为关键生态因子,建立白鹤摄食对水深需求的栖息地适宜度模型.构建涵盖长江干流、三口河系、洞庭湖及其四水尾闾河段的江湖一体化耦合水动力模型,实现栖息地水动力分布特征的精确模拟.在此基础上耦合栖息地适宜度模型和水动力模型,建立了面向白鹤摄食对三峡水库出库流量需求的物理栖息地模型,量化不同出库流量对应的白鹤摄食栖息地加权可利用面积,定量分析水库运行对白鹤摄食栖息地面积的影响.结果表明:1月中旬三峡水库不同出库流量下洞庭湖白鹤潜在摄食栖息地面积保持稳定并随出库流量的增加呈增大趋势,维持在101.40~121.84 km²之间,其中东洞庭湖摄食栖息地面积在7.49~9.86 km²之间,南洞庭湖(含横岭湖)摄食栖息地面积在47.37~60.34 km²之间,西洞庭湖摄食栖息地面积在46.54~51.64 km²之间.不同湖区摄食栖息地面积随着三峡水库出库流量的增加均呈增大的趋势,说明三峡水库枯水期补水调度对于维持栖息地面积具有重要作用.较三峡水库运行前相比,白鹤摄食栖息地面积最大增加20.44 km²,对应的增幅为20.16%.成果明晰了三峡水库运行对洞庭湖白鹤摄食栖息地面积的影响规律,可为通过三峡水库补水调度改善洞庭湖越冬水鸟摄食栖息地生境提供理论基础.     

Eutrophication and retention time affecting spatial heterogeneity in a tropical reservoir

Longitudinal heterogeneity in reservoirs is especially related to increase in sedimentation and water transparency along the river/dam axis. Consequently, primary production tends to reach higher values in intermediate regions where there is a balance between the availability of the main resources (light and nutrients) suitable for phytoplankton growth. Many factors such as reservoir morphometry, retention time, thermal stratification and geographical location can affect the boundaries between these regions. The tropical Funil Reservoir (Brazil), despite a low retention time, has experienced severe eutrophication in recent decades, with persistent cyanobacteria blooms. During the course of 1 year, samples were collected at four stations along the reservoir (fluvial, intermediate and lentic compartments) to evaluate if spatial heterogeneity could affect the occurrence and distribution of these blooms along the reservoir. Although the reservoir has a short annual retention time (mean 41.5 days), the typical zonation pattern was observed for the main abiotic variables and phytoplankton abundance. However, higher biomass occurred in the lentic compartment rather than in the intermediate zone. Despite the peculiar heterogeneity in total biomass, the phytoplankton composition and seasonal variability were very similar along the entire reservoir, with a few marked differences only in the fluvial zone. Phytoplankton total biomass in Funil Reservoir was high, even in periods of lower seasonal retention time (around 15 days), and was especially related to high input of nutrients. Moreover, retention time directly affects the spatial heterogeneity of phytoplankton biomass, since strong variability was only observed during the cold-dry season, corresponding to periods of longer retention time (around 80 days). While high availability of nutrients promoted high cyanobacterial biomass in the entire system, the few periods of heterogeneous spatiality seemed to be related to changes in retention time.     

一座新建水库——广东剑潭水库浮游植物动态特征

剑潭水库是珠江水系东江下游新建水库,2006年10月开始蓄水,2007年6月蓄水完毕.该水库属直流型水库,2008年水力滞留时间为0.46-3.62d.2006-2008年调查了该水库浮游植物的动态特征.结果表明,调查期间浮游植物丰度为182-6267cells/ml,从空间变化看,在调查期间,浮游植物丰度由上游向下游呈上升趋势.从年间变化看,蓄水后第一年坝区浮游植物丰度不仅明显高于蓄水前和蓄水期间,并且浮游植物最高丰度出现在蓄水后第一年的枯水期(12月).与此同时,在蓄水过程中,浮游植物群落结构也逐渐发生了变化,蓝藻相对丰度明显上升,绿藻相对丰度呈下降趋势.水力滞留时间、透明度和总磷是影响剑潭水库浮游植物时空变化的重要因素.高的平流损失率和低的透明度使得浮游植物现存量与水库氮、磷水平并不相符.相对较长的水力滞留时间、较高的透明度和总磷导致了浮游植物在蓄水后第一年(2008年)的枯水期出现一个峰值.     

Distribution and controlling factors of phytoplankton assemblages in a semi-enclosed bay during spring and summer

The phytoplankton assemblages' patterns and their correlation to environmental factors were studied in Bohai Bay during spring and summer. Two zones, the northern (NWA) and southern (SWA) water area, were identified by cluster analysis based on their physical and chemical properties. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that more phytoplankton species was found in the SWA with low nutrient concentration, while high phytoplankton abundance occurred in the NWA with high nutrient concentration. The seasonal variability in phytoplankton can be explained by water temperature, nutrient, and hydrodynamic conditions (includes mixing during spring and stratification during summer). Results of redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that silicate (SiO(4)) and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) were the most important environmental factors influencing the phytoplankton distribution during spring and summer, respectively. Hydrodynamics condition plays a key role in controlling variation of the environmental factors, which determined phytoplankton distribution in Bohai Bay.     

太湖梅梁湾与五里湖浮游植物群落的比较

富营养化和风浪是影响大型浅水湖泊浮游植物群落的重要因素,本文于2003年10月至2004年9月对太湖梅梁湾和五里湖理化环境因子(水温、透明度值、悬浮质浓度和氮、磷营养盐浓度)和浮游植物群落进行了逐月监测,通过对两个湖区理化因子和浮游植物群落结构在周年内季节变化的比较研究,探讨富营养化程度以及风浪对浮游植物群落结构的影响,结果为:(1)梅梁湾由于受风浪影响悬浮物含量较高,五里湖则富营养化水平更高.(2)周年内五里湖浮游植物平均生物量(6.85 mg/L)高于梅梁湾的平均生物量(4.99 mg/L),两个湖区都呈现夏秋高峰、冬季低谷的变化特征.梅梁湾浮游植物群落季节演替的模式基本为:冬季硅藻(小环藻属Cyclotella spp.)和隐藻(隐藻属Cryptomonas spp.)-春季绿藻(细丝藻属Planctonema sp.)-夏季绿藻(绿球藻目Chlorococcales种类)和蓝藻(微囊藻属Microcystis spp.和浮游蓝丝藻属Planktothrix spp.)-初秋蓝藻(微囊藻属)和硅藻(浮游直链硅藻Aulacoseira spp.)-秋季隐藻(隐藻属).五里湖的季节演替模式没有梅梁湾明显,全年隐藻(隐藻属)都占优势,在此基础上,秋冬季硅藻(小环藻属和浮游直链硅藻属)占优势,裸藻(裸藻属Euglena spp.)在冬春季占优势,绿藻(绿球藻目种类和团藻目衣藻属Chlamydomonas spp.)在整个春季和初夏的优势地位在夏季被蓝藻(微囊藻属和浮游蓝丝藻属)所取代.群落构成的差异是浮游植物对两个湖区不同风浪条件和富营养化水平的响应结果.(3)通过与PEG(Plankton Ecology Group)模式的比较,梅梁湾和五里湖浮游植物群落的季节演替主要受水温、光照、营养盐(氮、磷)浓度和浮游动物牧食等因子的影响,因此,大型富营养化浅水湖泊浮游植物群落演替规律需要进一步的研究.     

水位洪枯变化对菜子湖江湖过渡带鱼类物种和功能多样性的影响

水位的洪枯变化通过江湖连通影响泛滥平原湖泊鱼类的组成和分布,因而江湖过渡带是反映泛滥平原生态系统鱼类交流和多样性变动的关键区域.尽管如此,针对江湖过渡带鱼类群落随水位洪枯变化的研究十分匮乏.本研究以菜子湖江湖过渡带为例,分别在洪水和枯水期选取包括静水和流水生境的样点对鱼类群落进行系统的调查采样,探讨水位洪枯变化对菜子湖江湖过渡带鱼类物种和功能多样性的影响.共采集到鱼类6目12科37属52种,其中,洪水期和枯水期物种数差异显著,分别采集到鱼类50和42种,而静水生境和流水生境物种数差异不明显,分别采集到鱼类47和48种.与洪水期相比,枯水期山溪河流性鱼类的物种数、重量、尾数和优势度百分比分别减少了7.3%、6.3%、14.4%和12.0%;与静水生境相比,流水生境山溪河流性鱼类的物种数、重量、尾数和优势度百分比分别增加了5.3%、14.6%、18.0%和22.3%.SIMPER分析结果显示,麦穗鱼（Pseudorasbora parva）、蛇鮈（Saurogobio dabryi）、（Hemiculter leucisculus）、鲤（Cyprinus carpio）、鲫（Carassius auratus）、短颌鲚（Coilia brachygnathus）、似鳊（Pseudobrama simoni）、翘嘴鲌（Culter ilishaeformis）、达氏鲌（Culter dabryi）、光唇蛇鮈（Saurogobio gymnocheilus）和无须鱊（Acheilognathus gracilis）是引起水位洪枯变化以及不同生境类型鱼类群落结构差异的主要物种.优势度分析结果表明枯水期和静水生境的优势种鱼类相似,重要值较高的优势种鱼类为鲤、鲫、和似鳊;而洪水期和流水生境的优势种鱼类同样相似,重要值较高的优势种鱼类为麦穗鱼、蛇鮈、光唇蛇鮈和短颌鲚.通过双因素方差分析解析了水位洪枯变化和不同生境类型对鱼类物种和功能多样性的影响.发现洪枯水位变化仅对物种多样性指数中的物种数（Richness）产生显著差异,而对功能多样性的3个指数（功能丰富度指数（FRic）、功能离散指数（FDiv）和功能分散指数（FDis））均有显著影响.洪水期鱼类的Richness、FRic、FDiv和FDis指数均显著高于枯水期.同时,静水生境条件下的FRic指数要显著高于流水生境.本研究发现,与传统的物种多样性相比,基于功能性状的功能多样性对水位的洪枯变动更为敏感,河流周期性洪泛是泛滥平原生态系统中鱼类功能补充的重要方式.     

The response of benthic macrofauna to anthropogenic stress in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island: a review of human stressors and assessment of community conditions

The present state of knowledge regarding the input of anthropogenic pollutants into Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island was reviewed and benthic infaunal communities present at four depositional environments within the upper Bay were characterized. Inter-station differences in species composition and abundance of these assemblages were examined in relation to established pollution gradients.Using diversity curves and multivariate statistics, evidence of significant anthropogenic impact on the structure of benthic macrofaunal communities in Narragansett Bay was identified. The magnitude of this impact was greatest at stations closest to the Bay’s urban centers, where exposure to multiple stressors had resulted in communities of opportunistic taxa which persisted in a state of low faunal diversity characteristic of early stages of species succession. As was expected based on historic models of faunal succession; the apparent maturity of benthic assemblages in Narragansett Bay increased along the north-south gradient of decreasing anthropogenic stress.     

The use of phytoplankton patterns of diversity for algal bloom management

Many biotic and abiotic processes contribute to variability in phytoplankton diversity in aquatic ecosystems. Depending on their intensity and on their frequency, these may drive non-equilibrium dynamics and enhance the species diversity. Different studies propose that biodiversity buffers ecosystem functioning against environmental fluctuations leading to more predictable aggregate community or ecosystem properties. Salto Grande reservoir is polymictic and eutrophic with recurrent summer cyanobacterial blooms. The aim of this study was to determine the key variable(s) related with phytoplankton diversity in order to predict the possible occurrence of an algal bloom at the ecosystem. A preliminary analysis of the data matrix suggested non-linear relationships between diversity and the selected variables: phytoplankton abundance and the vertical attenuation coefficient (Kd). The best function fitting of the scatter plot of phytoplankton diversity versus phytoplankton abundance was a rational function. The inflection point of phytoplankton diversity estimated by the second derivate of this function was 2.7 bit cell⁻¹ which corresponded to an abundance of 3000 cells ml⁻¹. The relationship of phytoplankton diversity and vertical attenuation coefficient values also show a humped distribution pattern (Gauss function). The inflection point of this function corresponded to a diversity value of 1.9 bit cell⁻¹ and 2.5 m⁻¹ for Kd. These inflection points were, respectively, related with the resource competition among the present species and the light limitation conditions. The showed patterns of diversity and the estimated threshold values could be integrated to construct a predictive model for the reservoir based on phytoplankton diversity and the probable ambient conditions of the reservoir.     

三峡水库香溪河库湾蓝藻水华暴发特性及成因探析

2008年夏季,香溪河库湾自三峡水库建库以来第1次暴发蓝藻水华,水华波及整个库湾,持续时间达1个月之余.为了解这次水华暴发特性及发生原因,本文对蓝藻水华的发生发展过程进行了跟踪调查,6-7月水华发生期间每周采样1次.调查表明本次蓝藻水华的优势种为鱼腥藻(Anabaena sp.)、铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)、惠氏微囊藻(Microcystis wesenbergii)等,细胞密度高达3.82×10⁸ cells/L,蓝藻相对密度达到90%以上.本文将2008年5-7月与2007年同期理化指标比较发现,2007年5月的N:P为18.6,而2008年5月的N:P较低,为6.2,据文献报道N:P < 8有利于微囊藻的复苏,因此2008年水华前期的低N:P利于微囊藻的复苏,为微囊藻在适宜条件下的大量增殖提供了种源基础.方差分析表明,2008年5-7月各采样点真光层深度显著高于2007年同期,使得底泥中的微囊藻获得一定强度的光照而复苏,这可能是2008年蓝藻水华在香溪河库湾暴发的原因之一.综上所述,在具备充足的营养盐基础、较强的水体稳定性以及较高水温的前提下,香溪河库湾水华发生前期较低的N:P以及较高强度的光照可能是微囊藻复苏的诱导因子,为蓝藻水华暴发提供了种源基础.