Critical Thinking in Physical Geography: Linking Concepts of Content and Applicability

Abstract

This research examines the effectiveness of problem-based learning (PBL) in an online geographic information systems (GIS) course for adult learners. Adults expect to take greater control of their learning and tend to be self-directed. Students are encouraged to take an active role as problem-solvers in PBL courses. The effectiveness of PBL in face-to-face courses has been shown. Effectiveness in online courses is demonstrated in this study. The performance and experiences of students and instructor in two online courses are compared. The results show that PBL can be more engaging than traditional methods, making PBL-GIS a good choice for an online adult audience.     

地理学空间研究的转向:从自然到社会、现实到虚拟

在介绍地理空间内涵与学科内分异的基础上,重点介绍了地理学空间研究的两个转向,即从自然空间转向社会空间、从现实空间转向虚拟空间。研究表明:地理空间是一个相对明确的概念,但其内涵也在不断发展之中,特别是在人文地理学从自然地理学中分离出来以后;地理学三大分支所关注的地理空间差别极大,其中自然地理学对应自然空间,人文地理学对应社会空间,地理信息科学对应地理信息空间;地理学空间研究的第一个转向是由自然空间转向社会空间,其包括地理空间研究重点的转变以及对空间本质认知的转变两方面;地理学空间研究的第二个转向是由现实空间转向虚拟空间,这里的虚拟空间包括感知空间和网络空间;地理空间由自然向社会的转向反映了与人类发展的同步性,而由现实向虚拟的转向则反映了与技术进步的一致性。     

问题链在地理概念教学中的应用研究

问题链提供了一种地理概念教学的思路和方法,对学生的深度学习有极强的引领作用。本文阐述问题链的内涵,分析问题链对地理概念教学的纽带作用,对问题链应用于地理概念教学的环节进行分析并举例说明,最后提出地理概念问题链教学的要点。     

Spatial Thinking Concepts in Early Grade-Level Geography Standards

ABSTRACT

Research in the cognition and learning sciences has demonstrated that the human brain contains basic structures whose functions are to perform a variety of specific spatial reasoning tasks and that children are capable of learning basic spatial concepts at an early age. There has been a call from within geography to recognize research on spatial cognition in a meaningful way in primary school curriculum. This article utilizes the spatial thinking taxonomy proposed by Gersmehl and Gersmehl (2006) to examine to the extent to which spatial thinking concepts are being practiced in U.S. schools. The National Geography Standards and forty-nine state social studies or geography standards are examined. Using standards as a measure of geography content, it is concluded that while some of spatial thinking concepts appear often in curriculum, others are largely absent. Designing geography standards that address the findings of spatial cognition research may serve as a means of improving geography instruction.     

经济地理学的关系转向评述

20世纪90年代以来,经济地理学的理论和实践领域经历了一次“关系转向”研究范式转折．集中研究多种地理尺度下的经济变化过程中,经济行为者的社会-空间关系的方式。文章评述了西方经济地理学“关系转向”的产生和研究进展,分析“关系转向”的特征和关系政策,探讨其对经济地理学科的影响以及对中国经济地理学科发展的启示。     

Conflict,Space, and Resource Management at Grand Canyon*

Geographical spaces and boundaries are neither simple nor naively given. An examination of selected disputes over territory in the greater Grand Canyon area reveals the importance of considering the implications of absolute, relative, and representational spaces for how contests are framed and negotiated. Efforts to move toward a more ecologically based regime of natural resource management at Grand Canyon require a better understanding of how the existing spaces came to have their present location, size, configuration, definition, and jurisdictional structure.     

体育与地理空间的国内研究进展

基于对国内文献的搜集和整理,从体育的内涵辨析和学科演进梳理着手,对体育人才、体育产业、体育活动以及体育场地与地理空间的关系4 个方面进行综述。研究发现：体育人才、体育产业、体育活动和体育场地均具有很强的地理特征和空间指向性,体育人才与地域文化和历史关系密切,体育产业受基本经济地理格局深刻影响,体育活动具有明显空间差异特征;体育场地是城市空间的重要组成部分;体育学科内涵在持续拓展,与地理学的交叉将是一个重要机遇;人文地理学在学科综合、关注视角、研究方法和技术手段等方面具有较好的学科优势,能够很好地参与体育研究,推动体育现象的全景揭示和深度解析。