COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF FEATURES ON RADAR IMAGERY AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS IN DESERT AND MOUNTAINOUS LANDSCAPES

The relative information yield of radar imagery and aerial photographs is compared for selected natural and cultural features (mountains, erosional depressions, low and high forest, desert plants and shrubs, reeds, and canals) in a number of desert and mountainous areas. The types of aerial photographic and radar equipment used are discussed and recommendations are made regarding when preference should be given to one or the other type of system. Translated by Edward Torrey, Alexandria, VA 22308 from: Vestnik Leningradskogo Universiteta, seriya 7 (geologiya, geografiya), 1989, No. 2, pp. 106–110.     

MONITORING OF ACTIVE VOLCANOES ON KAMCHATKA FROM THERMAL INFRARED SCANNER AND RADAR IMAGERY

On the basis of data recorded by a thermal infrared multispectral scanner (TIMS) carried on board an aircraft laboratory, maps of volcanic regions in Russia were compiled on which portions of lava dating to different periods were identified. SIR-C (Shuttle) data, processed by computer, made it possible to obtain distinct boundaries of lava flows with cross-polarization. A three-dimensional digital model of the Northern Fissure of the Great Tolbachik Fissure Eruption, on which TIMS, Zeiss, and SIR-C data were plotted, was constructed. A lineament analysis was made it possible to genetically classify cinder cones on the eastern slope of the Klyuchevskoy volcano, and a zone of areal volcanism was defined.     

DIGITAL CONTRAST ENHANCEMENT OF SPACE SCANNER IMAGERY OF AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPES

The advantages and shortcomings of different algorithms for contrast enhancement of space scanner images are investigated using the example of the agricultural landscape of Krasnodar Kray. The best algorithm for the purpose of agricultural interpretation of images was selected.     

THE HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY OF LANDSCAPES IN WESTERN IRAQ FROM SPACE IMAGERY

Space photography at 1:2,400,000 scale from the “Salyut-6” space station was used to compile maps on the evolution of arid landscapes in the Late Pleistocene and Holocene in western Iraq. The imagery made it possible to trace the development of many ancient natural features and to formulate an interpretation key of landscape elements—formed under a variety of past climatic environments, but subsequently evolving under common, somewhat similar natural conditions. This provides a basis for improved understanding the present state, history of formation, and future transformations of arid landscapes. Translated by Edward Torrey, Alexandria, VA 22308 from: Izvestiya Vsesoyuznogo Geograficheskogo Obshchestva, 1990, No. 3, pp. 255–260.     

MAPPING THE DYNAMICS OF LANDSCAPES NEAR BELORUSSIAN RESERVOIRS FROM REMOTE SENSING IMAGERY

A program for monitoring changes in the shoreline zone caused by the creation of manmade reservoirs in the western USSR is described. More specifically, multilevel remote sensing imagery, ranging from 1:1,000,000-scale Landsat imagery to large-scale air photos, is employed in the study of shifts in shoreline positions, elevation of the water table, and changes in vegetation associations and soil types resulting from waterlogging produced by the filling of reservoirs. A map depicting changes in these characteristics both before and ten years after the filling of a reservoir is included. Translated from: Izvestiya Vsesoyuznogo Geograficheskogo Obshchestva, 1987, No. 4, pp. 351-356.     

TRANSMISSION AND PROCESSING OF INFRARED SATELLITE IMAGERY IN OCEANOGRAPHIC STUDIES

A methodology for transmitting satellite information from shipboard receiving stations to onshore image processing centers is described, developed for the purpose of increasing the accuracy of water temperature and other oceanographic measurements taken by infrared scanning radiometers and promoting wider utilization of computers in image processing. Signals are recorded on magnetic tape, modulated, amplified to the normal operational range of a digital-analog signal transformer, and transformed into a sequence of eight-digit binary-decimal numbers, which pass through a photoelectric counter into computer memory. Infrared signals are isolated by an envelope demodulator in an early stage of the process. Translated from: Vestnik Leningradskogo Universiteta, 1985, No. 14, pp. 93-95.     

热红外图像钾盐异常信息解释

应用不同类型和不同时相的热红外遥感图像,对罗布泊盐湖区内几种主要地物和钾盐异常区的热信息特征进行了分析、提取,探讨了盐湖区内热场变化及其意义,解释了热红外影像表征钾盐异常信息的机理,进而提出了钾盐异常信息的成因模式,认为热红外遥感技术是寻找现代盐湖钾盐异常的一种新方法     

热红外遥感技术在地热资源调查中的应用与潜力

本文简要介绍了热红外遥感技术在地热资源调查中的应用进展及探测地热的原理与物理前提。通过辽南地热调查中的几个地热实例说明了该项技术在地热调查中的效果和应用前景,客观地分析了该项技术的应用潜力与局限性,强调了成像条件好坏是地热调查成败的关键。     

卫星热红外遥感信息在泥炭地等土地类型分析中的应用

利用日本最北部Sarobetsu平原地区的卫星热红外遥感数据对该区地表温度、植被指数及土地利用状况等进行了分析。分析的结果表明,泥炭平原白天的地表温度比其他地带高,夜间则比其它地带温度低。一般泥炭地的植被指数小,当有SASA(矮竹状植物)生长后,植被指数增大。早春和晚秋,地表面温度高低与植被指数大小的相关性弱,夏季则相关性强。因此认为可以根据泥炭地表面温度数值来推测夏季的植物生物量。     

对于定量热红外遥感的一些思考

作者根据在热红外遥感工作中的长期实践经验,介绍了热红外遥感的现状,特别指出了定量反演地表温度的难点---地物比辐射率的测定和区域范围内的比辐射率估算。文中提出了定量热红外遥感研究中常见的一些问题。最后,讨论了定量热红外遥感的未来发展趋势和目前现实工作的对策,旨在抛砖引玉,以求得热红外定量遥感的发展。     

热红外遥感反演陆地表面温度研究进展

 总结了地表绝对发射率信息的提取方法； 综述了热红外遥感反演陆面温度的各种方法，并指出这些方法的优缺点、适用性及应用情况； 分析了热红外遥感反演陆面温度面临的困难； 展望了热红外遥感反演陆面温度的发展趋势。     

青藏高原雅江缝合带及班公湖-怒江缝合带热红外遥感研究

对青藏高原进行了热红外遥感研究,发现热异常区域变化与前人结论不符.过去认为青藏高原南部的雅江缝合带温度高,北部低;而本文的研究结果是中部的班公-怒江缝合带地区高,雅江缝合带次之,藏北最低.将青藏高原雅江和班公怒江缝合带地区作为研究示范区,开展青藏高原陆面温度场、计算地表比辐射率和野外地表层钻孔测温与数据处理等研究,探索热红外遥感与构造热动力学关系的机理,为青藏高原新构造运动和深部热动力学研究提供科学依据,取得了青藏高原热动力学研究的新成果.     

航空热红外遥感用于电厂冷却池水体表面温度场的调查

本文主要介绍利用在地面风1m/s和7m/s两种不同风速条件下获取的新疆红雁池电厂冷却池航空热红外扫描图像,经S101计算机图像处理,编制电厂运行情况下冷却池表面温度图,计算冷却池水域面积和电厂温排水热扩散面积的方法。文中也对冷却池热扩散规律以及冷却池水面冷却能力等作了初步分析。实践表明,调查资料对该电厂的运行调度、取排水口布局修改以及装机容量的扩充设计等均有重要参考价值。     

AUTOMATED IDENTIFICATION OF FRONTS WITH SATELLITE IMAGERY

This paper is devoted to describing an automated procedure for identifying the position of fronts using satellite imagery. The positions of frontal sections derived by such a method are compared with synoptic charts transmitted in real-time mode from the RTH centers at Offenbach and Bracknell. It was determined that the position of frontal sections plotted in such a way corresponds to the position of the fronts on charts at the European centers for a variety of synoptic situations.     

热红外遥感火星矿物填图方法初步研究及应用

利用热辐射光谱仪（TES）数据,对火星进行热红外遥感矿物填图。通过对几种典型填图方法的简要介绍,结合火星环境及方法的使用条件,对填图结果进行简单比较,初步分析了填图方法的差异性,为火星矿物填图的进一步研究提供了基础,并为方法和模型的进一步改进提供了依据。     

航空热红外遥感在探测石油管道中的应用

本文论证了热红外遥感探测石油管道的物理依据,并以野外实际测温资料讨论了探测管道的前提条件,同时分析了可能出现的干扰因素。从成像季节、成像时间、飞行高度和温度范围选择等方面讨论了最佳成像条件的选择,从当地条件出发,选择12月中旬,夜间前半夜成像取得了成功,经过图像处理与图像解译,建立了解译标志,编制了管道解译图,共发现管道364条,同时修改了原档案中错误资料多处,取得了良好的应用效果。     

PRINCIPLES OF THE COMPARISON AND INTERPRETATION OF MULTITEMPORAL IMAGERY

General principles are outlined for the use of a series of remote sensing images (obtained for the same area of the earth's surface for different points in time) in the detection of significant changes in land use and environmental conditions. Emphasis is placed on visual methods of interpretation, and a number of different methods for graphically analyzing the dynamics of earth surface features on photographic image products are described. A final section describes procedures for cartographically representing the dynamics of features interpreted from multitemporal images. Translated by Jay Mitchell; PlanEcon, Inc.; Washington, DC 20005 from: Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta, geografiya, 1987, No. 6, pp. 57-60.     

STUDY OF THE MORPHOSTRUCTURES OF MOUNTAINOUS AREAS FROM SPACE IMAGERY

The authors review recent developments in the USSR in the use of remote sensing imagery in the analysis, at the world-regional and local levels, of major relief elements (and structural elements manifest in relief) typical of mountainous country. Keys to their interpretation at a variety of scales are described. Case studies and detailed interpretation of imagery in the Soviet Far East and Central Asia (large-scale) and the Caucasus (intermediate-scale) provide for the identification of all morphostructural elements possible through traditional analysis, and in the latter case, for the first direct detection of transverse (cross-cutting) faults. Translated from: Geomorfologiya, 1988, No. 1, pp. 16-29.