自动气象站报表预审经验点滴

1风向风速的检查校对(1)平行观测期间,遇人工站记录缺测时,特别是在编发报时次,因自动站2 m in风记录采集时间较人工站晚,故用自动站记录代替时尤须注意应等正点资料卸载完成后再取值,而不应与人工站采集时间同步取值,否则会使报表中两站数据不一致,影响报表记录。(2)平行观测期间,当风向风速某站记录缺测时,应首选两站记录互相代替,保证二者记录保持一致,但应注意若风速正常风向缺测时,关于静风C的选取应具有代表意义。(3)因软件智能化不完善等问题,有时会出现自记风向格式错误或最大及极大风速与定时自记风速矛盾的现象,这时则需要预审员…     

气象站自动与人工风观测数据对比分析

通过分析2006-2007年德州市自动站与人工站风观测资料,发现人工站观测的十分钟日平均风速(风速＞2.0m/s)、最大风速、极大风速比自动站偏大,并且随风速增大偏大越显著.当台站被局地环流控制,风速较小时,自动与人工观测的风向相符百分率较低.     

人工站与自动站风的自动观测资料差异分析

通过对侧风仪的构造及采集方法的差异分析,采用广西2004～2008年4个基准气候观测站人工站与自动站风的同步自动观测资料作对比分析,分析结果表明:人工站与自动站风的自动观测资料存在差异。短时风人工站与自动站差异比较大,平均风时间越长风速差异率就减少,风向相符率越大。风大时,人工站的观测数据比自动站大;10分钟平均风向风速人工站与自动站比较接近;极大风风速一致率及风向相符率比较低,说明瞬时风人工站与自动站差异最大。差异的原因主要是观测仪器制作材料不相同及观测方法不一致所造成。     

电接风向风速仪自记记录数字化处理精度分析

电接风向风速仪自记记录的数字化工作是实施珍贵气象资料拯救工程的一项重要内容.由甘肃省气象局和兰州大学联合承担的中国气象局新技术推广项目--"电接风向风速仪自记记录数字化处理系统开发"实现了对电接风向风速仪自记记录的计算机自动数字化处理.选取逐日电接风向风速仪自记记录,通过对人工挑取的定时和日最大风向、风速值与计算机自动数字化处理值进行比较,分析数字化处理系统的精度.分析结果表明,数字化处理系统对风向风速自记记录识别精度基本符合观测规范要求,同时对人工挑取值的时间订正方法做了一定的改进,系统也极大地提高了数字化的效率.     

陕西自动与人工观测风对比评估

利用陕西自动与人工平行观测第2年数据—4次定时观测的2min风速、逐时观测的10min风速及风向、日最大风速,分析人工与自动观测的风速差异及风向相符率,并对风速进行显著性t检验。结果表明:自动观测的2min、10min风速大于人工观测值。日最大风速则相反。月平均对比差值及其标准差,2min风速,分别为0.2m/s及0.71m/s;10min风速,分别为0.15m/s及0.39m/s,即两者之间10min风速较为接近。自动与人工观测10min风向相符率平均为42.8%,风向相符率频率以45%为中心,基本呈正态分布特征,且无明显的地域特征,相符率夏半年明显低于冬半年。显著性检验表明,α为0.05时,6.5%的月平均值、20.2%的年平均值由于仪器换型引起了2min风速的显著性差异。     

凤翔站2005--2006年自动气象站观测资料质量评估分析

利用中国气象局遥测仪资料质量评估系统,分析了凤翔国家基本气象站2005--2006年自动站和人工站平行观测期间的本站气压、气温、湿度、定时风、自记风资料。认为自动气象观测系统是可靠的,所采集的气象观测数据是可信的。对自动站运行期间存在的问题提出了应对措施。     

自动与人工观测风速和风向的差异分析

利用四川7个基准气候站2005年自动与人工观测风速和风向资料,就自动与人工观测的风速和风向的差异、引起差异的原因进行了分析.结果表明:各风速项目均是自动观测值比人工观测值平均偏高,偏高值在0.06～0.46 m·s-1之间,在风速测量准确度的偏差范围内;2分钟风速、10分钟风速、日最大风速的自动与人工对比观测样本差值在...     

四川省自动与人工气压观测值差异对比

应用四川省135个台站在自动站与人工站平行观测期间的对比观测数据,对两种不同的资料进行了对比分析。结果表明:自动站与人工站的日气压差值不满足正态分布,人工观测比自动观测平均偏高0.35 hPa,标准差为0.48 hPa。自动站与人工站的相关性较好,相关系数为0.99,大约3/4的对比观测台站的人工站气压观测值大于自动站气压观测值。自动站与人工站气压观测值的月平均差异在上半年逐步增大,6月达到最大,下半年开始逐步减小。2004年的自动与人工气压观测数据年平均值差异最小,2006年数据据差异最大。     

基于分钟数据的自动、人工观测雨量差异分析

利用武汉、黄陂、黄石三气象站合计9 a的自动、人工观测(雨量自记纸)同期分钟雨量数据及雨量筒资料,对两种观测方式下的年雨量、月雨量、日雨量偏差程度、暴雨日短历时降水、不同时段的短历时雨量进行了比较。结果发现:自动观测比人工观测(雨量自记纸)雨量偏大,两者的偏差程度主要在±10%之间。自动观测雨量结果与雨量筒更为吻合。3站多年自动、人工观测(雨量自记纸)两套暴雨日短历时(历时5 min)雨量序列高度相关。     

CAWS型自动站与人工观测风速记录的对比分析

利用平凉气象观测站2003年1~12月人工站和自动站平行观测的风速、风向资料,统计比较了2003年1~12月人工站与自动站风速观测值和极值,结果表明:受观测仪器系统偏差和观测取值时间差异的影响,人工站比自动站的日平均风速偏小0.4 m/s。风向完全相符的接近40%,2个以上方位的不相符率4%。     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

<正>The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth’s climate and environment.     

VARIABILITY OF INTER-ANNUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE AND HUAXI REGION’S AUTUMN PRECIPITATION

The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.     

IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION ON THE IMMIGRATION OF NILAPARVATA LUGENS(STL) IN HUNAN AND JIANGXI PROVINCES

Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.     

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC CONDITIONS BEFORE THE OCCURRENCE OF TWO TYPES OF EL NIO EVENTS

The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.     

全球贸易隐含碳变化及其影响分析

基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.