海洋底质数据库引擎技术研究

空间数据引擎是实现空间数据高效访问和管理的关键技术之一.结合海洋地理信息系统应用需求,针对海洋底质数据特点,构建了海洋底质空间数据库引擎,介绍了其数据模型和数据访问结构,并通过工程实践实现了系统功能,为海洋底质空间数据组织和管理提供一个有效的解决方案,同时为海洋地理信息系统提供了强有力数据支持.     

结合实际抓落实 促进海洋工作新发展

2011年是十二五规划的开局之年,也是我国在新的历史起点上实现海洋事业发展新跨越的大干之年。2011年全国海洋厅局长暨党风廉政建设工作会议廓清了十二五海洋工作总体思路,明确了2011年的海洋工作任务。我们要根据会议精神,结合厦门海洋管理实际,不断开拓创新,全力抓好落实,为实现海洋事业发展新跨越而不懈努力。     

国产化海洋智能装备创新与推广应用

通过对海洋智能装备分类、国产化海洋智能装备发展现状和经典案例应用的描述,揭示了以技术创新为手段实现海洋智能装备国产化的必要性和紧迫性,并提出发展国产化海洋智能装备的一些思考和建议,为建立起我国自主知识产权的综合性、系统性、国产化的海洋智能装备研发和产业化体系,从而实现海洋智能装备国产化的目标提供了参考。     

海洋经济增长与海洋可持续发展统筹问题

结合海洋管理工作实践,分析海洋经济发展过程中海洋资源、环境和生态受损原因,探讨海洋经济增长与海洋可持续发展的统筹问题.统筹海洋产业布局,调整海洋产业结构,转变海洋经济发展方式是实现海洋可持续发展的根本出路:完善海洋经济发展政策法规与规划,建立海洋经济运行监测评估体系,创新海洋经济管理体制机制,是实现海洋可持续发展的重要保证.     

海洋生态产品价值实现的理论基础、路径探索与机制建构

为促进我国海洋生态资源开发与保护的良性循环,保障海洋生态产品的可持续供给,文章基于海洋生态产品的定义和特征,分析海洋生态产品价值实现的演化逻辑,结合典型模式探索海洋生态产品价值实现路径,并针对我国海洋生态产品价值实现的现实困境提出机制设计。研究结果表明：海洋生态产品是海洋生态系统为满足人民日益增长的优美海洋生态环境需要...     

海洋地质档案资料计算机管理的可行性实施步骤

目前,许多大型的档案馆、资料室已经实现了计算机管理,但在海洋地质系统,很多单位还在沿用传统的手工管理模式,新形势下急需实现海洋地质档案资料的计算机管理。海洋地质资料室通常规模不大,档案资料专业性强,分类相对简单,这就使其在实现计算机管理时有着独特的优越性。结合工作实践,对海洋地质档案资料实现计算机管理的认识和可行性步骤进行探讨。     

对浙江发展海洋循环经济的思考

海洋经济的快速发展已成为浙江经济的新亮点.伴随着海洋经济的快速增长,海洋生态环境也面临危机.发展海洋循环经济是实现海洋经济可持续发展的有效路径,文章分析了目前浙江发展海洋循环经济面临的障碍,并对发展浙江海洋循环经济提出建议.     

基于Skyline的海洋地质三维可视化系统开发与实现

融合海洋地质专题信息与海洋基础数据、遥感数据等,采用B/S架构实现基于Skyline的海洋地质Web三维GIS系统的组织、发布和应用技术,为海洋地质三维地理信息系统的实现奠定了基础,并从三维场景建模、B/S架构Web可视化和系统功能设计等方面详细地介绍了Skyline软件在海洋地质GIS中的集成应用。     

海洋生态产品价值实现的参与主体演化博弈分析

海洋生态产品价值实现对推进海洋生态文明建设与海洋经济高质量发展具有重要意义。目前,海洋生态产品价值实现存在市场化程度不高、公众参与度低、实现不充分等问题。本文通过构建海洋生态产品价值实现参与主体（企业、政府和社会公众）的演化博弈模型,探究各方主体的策略稳定性规律,探讨三方博弈系统的均衡点及其稳定性,并运用Matlab仿真分析不同参数变化对系统演化的影响,最后依据博弈分析结果为探索“政府＋市场”的海洋生态产品价值实现路径提供对策建议。结果表明,政府是海洋生态产品价值实现的引导者与推动者,管控成本和社会收益是影响其策略选择的主要因素,加强政府的奖惩力度、增加企业提供海洋生态产品的潜在收益、降低供给成本对企业参与海洋生态产品价值实现具有正向作用,社会公众购买海洋生态产品所获效用的提升与监督成本的减少有利于促进社会公众参与海洋生态产品价值实现。     

浅析海洋公共管理中的公民参与

海洋环境以及资源的共享性决定了海洋公共管理的主体必须要扩展到整个公民社会。涉海公民不再是海洋政策的旁观者和被动接受者,而在海洋管理中承担着重要角色。目前,我国海洋公共管理中的公民参与还存在一定的现实困境,直接制约着其海洋管理功能的发挥和参与价值的实现。通过法律制度、协调机制、信息技术以及海洋文化的建设促使公民积极参与到海洋管理过程中,实现人海和谐及公共利益的维护。     

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中桩周土强度弱化研究

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。     

Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans

A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level.     

Estimation of Sediment Properties during Benthic Impact Experiments

Sediment properties, such as water content and density, have been used to estimate the dry and wet weights, as well as the volume of sediment recovered and discharged, during benthic impact experiments conducted in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The estimates show that the weights of dry (355-1332 t) and wet sediment (1651-4888 t) recovered during the experiments, are not only a function of the total duration and distance covered during the experiment, but also depend on water content and density of the sediment. Estimation of dry sediment and its volumetric ratio in the discharge, are key parameters for calculating the discharged volume. The estimated volume of wet sediment recovered (1427-4049 m 3 ) as well as discharged (2693-6951 m 3 ) during the experiments, provide important inputs to evaluate the sediment resettlement and migration. Using these estimates, the average depth of excavation on the seafloor, can also been calculated. However, the stages of sediment recovery and discharge are expressed differently in some of the experiments. In order to standardize these, different stages have been identified, and definitions of certain terms have been suggested, for use in the future. The methods of calculating different properties, as well as weight and volume of discharged sediment are described in the paper for use in other applications concerning deep-sea discharges.     

A Tidal Flow Model for the Gulf of Kachchh, India

A vertically integrated model has been used to study the tidal circulation and currents in the Gulf of Kachchh along the west coast of India. The model is fully nonlinear and uses a semiexplicit finite difference scheme to solve the basic hydrodynamic equations on a staggered grid. The model is forced by prescribing the tides along the open boundary of the model domain. The flow is simulated both with and without the presence of the proposed tidal barrage across the Hansthal Creek in the Gulf of Kachchh. The results show a considerable change in the behavior of the tidal flow in the presence of the barrage.     

利用中国GF-3卫星SAR和HY-2A卫星微波散射计的首次台风联合定量观测

<正>The typhoon,as a mature tropical cyclone that develops in the western part of the North Pacific Ocean with high wind speed and heavy rainfall,is one of the most lethal and costly of natural disasters for the densely populated countries of East Asia.It can be easily detected by space-borne sensors operated at microwave,visible or infrared bands(Liu et al.,2014).Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR)is     

离子交换—原子吸收光谱法测定海水中痕量铜、铅、锌、镉、铁、锰

本文介绍了用国产D401型螯合树脂分离富集海水中铜、铅、锌、镉、铁、锰等痕量元素,并用原子吸收光谱仪测定其含量的方法。讨论了各元素的分离条件选择及干扰元素的影响,并与溶剂萃取法的结果作了比较。各元素检测的定量下限为:铜0.5μg/L、铅0.1μg/L、锌1.0μg/L、镉0.01μg/L、铁2.0μg/L、锰2.0μg/L。方法精密度在4—8％之间,回收率为90—102％。     

Biogeochemistry of Mangrove Soil Organic Matter: a Comparison BetweenRhizophoraandAvicenniaSoils in South-eastern Brazil

Soil core samples fromRhizophora mangleL. andAvicennia schauerianaStapf & Leech forests from south-eastern Brazil were analysed for their total organic matter content and their sugars, amino acid and amino sugars composition. Organic carbon and nitrogen contents were higher inAvicenniathan inRhizophorasoils. The contribution of sugars and amino acids to the total organic carbon pool was constant with depth inRhizophorasoils whereas inAvicenniasoils it increased. Spectral distribution of sugars and amino acids showed a dominance of Ca-affine monomers, particularly acidic amino acids, and the sugar arabinose. Biogeochemical indicators derived from ratios of individual sugar and amino acid monomers confirm previous studies which showed that organic matter in both soils is mainly of mangrove origin. The results further suggest accumulation of organic matter inRhizophorasoils and a continuing degradation of organic matter inAvicenniasoils. The latter may thus release more nutrients to adjacent ecosystems thanRhizophorasoils.     

A review of orange roughy Hoplostethus atlanticus fisheries,estimation methods,biology and stock structure

Orange roughy Hoplostethus atlanticus are unusual fish. They form dense aggregations that have fuelled lucrative fisheries at great depths (600–1 400 m), especially off Namibia, New Zealand and Australia. They are thought to be very long-lived (>100 years, maturity at 22 – 40 years), and to have exceptionally low natural mortality (M = 0.045–0.064 year^?1) and slow growth rates (K = 0.055–0.070 year^?1). In addition, they spawn large eggs and have low fecundity. These factors combine to make orange roughy highly susceptible to overfishing; most stocks are below 30% of pristine levels. Assessments are obtained from indices of catch rate and trawl, acoustic and egg surveys. Acoustic estimates are the most direct, but are confounded by the species' low target strength (?50 to ?53 dB)–attributable to the wax-filled swim bladder. Extracellular wax esters are stored in abundance and comprise mostly mono-unsaturated fatty acids, with low concentrations of the ω-3 fatty acid family. This unusual composition (resultant from the species' diet) ensures neutral buoyancy. Stock separation has been inferred mainly from biological studies, but genetic studies have also found differences among stocks within New Zealand and Australia. Deep-water habitat may be damaged by trawling operations and may take many years to recover, so in some quarters there is a call for a portion of suitable habitat to be set aside for preservation. Although Namibian orange roughy are shallower, smaller and younger than those in other stocks, the Namibian fishery sustained high catches for only a few years before quotas were reduced, from 12 000 to 1 875 tons. Three management lessons are suggested for developing orange roughy fisheries based on the Namibian experience: (1) imposition of catch limits during exploratory fishing; (2) starting the acoustic surveys earlier in the fishery, if possible; (3) greater reliance on trends in catch rate until a survey series has been established.