脉冲星的辐射特征和空间分布的统计分析

本文采用330颗脉冲星星表,进一步论讨了脉冲星某些重要特性的演化规律,主要结果如下:1.脉冲星的转动能损率E,射电光度L_R,磁能和辐射锥角都随年龄的增加而迅速减少。这表明,脉冲星的能量和辐射都是逐渐衰减的;2.射电转换效率η_R随年龄的增加而增加,这可能表明脉冲星辐射频谱的极大值逐渐向射电波段演化;3.脉冲星离银道面的距离|z|随年龄的增加而增加,这意味着多数脉冲星可能都是离银道面而去的。     

一颗与众不同的脉冲星Geminga

最近，一个困扰人们达十几年之久的γ射线源Ｇｅｍｉｎｇａ被证认为Ｘ、γ射线脉冲星，其光学对应体也被确定为一颗光谱偏蓝的２５等星。对Ｇｅｍｉｎｇａ脉冲星的确证说明存在着一类没有射电辐射的脉冲单星。     

脉冲星的一种分类方法及辐射部位的统计研究

本文对83颗脉冲星进行了分类统计研究。主要结果如下: 1.采用转动能损失率与射电光度的比值作为分类参数可以较好地反映不同类型脉冲星的物理特性和演化方式。 2.由于各类脉冲星的射电光度和光速圆柱附近的磁能之间都有着相关系数较高的回归关系,而射电光度和表面磁能之间却不相关,由此推论脉冲星辐射部位很可能在光速圆柱附近。 3.在周期变率户和周期P的关系图上,光速圆柱附近的“缠绕”磁能PP-4的某一临界值可作为射电辐射的截止线,它比Lyne等提出的光速圆柱处的磁能户PP~(-5)作为射电辐射截止线更接近观测事实。     

反常X射线脉冲星的研究进展

反常X射线脉冲星（Anomalous X-ra Pulsars，简称AXP）是一类特殊的X射线源。与X射线脉冲星（通常处于大质量X射线双星系统中）相比，它们具有以下特征：X射线谱较软、光度低页稳定（≈10^27－10^29J.s^-1）、自转周期集中在10s左右稳定增长、迄今没有找到它们的光学、红外、射电的对应体、有一些可能戌超新星遗迹成协等。由观测到的自转周期变化可以确定它们的自转能损不足以提供有X射线辐射。解释AXP能源机制的理论模型目前主要有两大类：在吸积模型中，AXP被认为具有正常磁场强度（≈10^8T）的中子量，物质吸积提供X射线辐射原能源，并造成中子星的自转变化；另一种观点认为AXP是具有超强磁场（≈10^10-10^11T）的中子量（即磁星），其辐射能源来自它们巨大的磁或残余的热能，观测到的自转周期及其变化被归因子中子星的磁偶极辐射和物质抛射。两种模型各有优缺点，但目前看来观测事实对磁星模型较为有利。为了进一步明确AXP的性质，提供解释它们能源机制的线索，在介绍AXP的基本观测特征和理论解释的基础上，还将AXP与射电脉冲星、特强磁场射电脉冲量、射电宁静脉冲星侯选体及软γ射线复现源分别进行了比较。     

使用威斯特波克射电望远镜对古代东方“客星”射电遗迹的探测

作者使用威斯特波克射电望远镜在610兆赫频率上对古代东方天文学家观测到的“客星”的七个视场区(1~o.5×1~o.5)进行了射电遗迹的巡天探测,结果没有发现弥漫射电辐射。本文给出了在这些视场区中的分立射电源的表,表中列出作者提出的这些射电源|b|<15°以內的光学证认。     

未证认的IRAS LRS源的光学证认和观测研究——1.北天O~h—12~h具有硅酸盐特征的源

本文给出了IRAS LRS表中0°<δ<66°0~h<α<12~h的未被证认的2n、3n类源的光学证认图、近红外测光及近红外位置,并应用近红外和远红外双色图对观测结果进行了定性分析.结果表明:其中大部分源是AGB或RGB星,但还有几个特殊的源,我们分别对它们进行了讨论.     

射电宁静类星体对γ射线背景的贡献

EGRET的观测确认并给出了新的各向同性的γ射线背景,已知的γ辐射天体不足以提供这么多的辐射.同时EGRET也揭示出一批未发现射电波段对应体的γ射线源,它们均匀地分布在天球上,表明可能是宇宙学起源. Wang(2008)提出一种新的、由AGN的辐射反馈驱动的γ射线辐射过程,辐射的能量峰值落在1GeV-0.1TeV之间,光度典型值达到1042-1043ergs s-1.射电宁静类星体中的这种辐射过程使得它们成为潜在的γ辐射源,并对γ背景产生贡献.考虑逆康普顿散射的种子光子分别来自类星体吸积盘和宇宙微波背景这两种情况,发现前一种情况在～1GeV处贡献了78%-92%的背景辐射强度,后一种情况的贡献可以忽略.射电宁静类星体很可能成为对1GeV附近,γ射线背景贡献最大的天体.     

沿切向点轨迹CO和HⅠ的发射度与旋臂段的比较

为了在研究银河系结构时摆脱由运动学不确定性带来的困难,本文导出了沿银道面切向点轨迹HⅠ和CO发射度的径向和银经分布。所用的谱线资料范围是10°相似文献   

射电脉冲星锥成分的谱行为

选取２３颗双峰轮廓脉冲星,考察脉冲星射电辐射锥成分的谱行为．通过对前导和后随成分峰值强度比与频率的关系进行幂律谱拟合,给出了前后两部分的相对谱指数．结果显示,大多数脉冲星的相对谱指数集中分布在零附近,这表明,前导和后随成分的辐射本质上没有差别;相对谱指数的近似高斯分布显示出,其辐射部位高辐射束中心距离之差具有一定的随机性．     

OH/IR脉泽源的空间分布和光度函数

本文对OH/IR脉泽源的银河系分布和光度函数进行了研究。所选127个OH/IR脉泽源全部是有光学或红外证认的,其中大部分是光谱型>M5的长周期变星(主要是Mira变星)。计算结果表明:OH/IR脉泽源在离银心R_0≈7.5kpc处有一个最大的空间密度,在R R_0时,空间密度下降较快,分布曲线的FWHM≈2.1kpc.以上结果与Glass等人对Mira变星所做的结果基本一致。由OH/IR脉泽源的距离、探测几率、改正后的OH射电峰值流量导出了已证认OH/IR源的光度函数.光度分布在0.6—1000Jy·kpc~2范围内,源的数目随L变大急剧下降,此特征类似于未证认的OH/IR源.由文中结果得到银河系中有光学或红外对应体的OH/IR脉泽源约2×10~5个,大部分未探测到的OH/IR源,其流量密度可能在0.1—1Jy之间.文中最后讨论了已证认OH/IR源与未证认OH/IR源之间的区别和联系.     

日冕物质抛射的观测性质

综述日冕物质抛射的观测和持性，简短的前言之后，给出ＣＭＥ的发现经过及统计特性，着重介绍ＣＭＥ与其他种类太阳活动的相关。然后介绍ＣＭＥ的一般特性，包括可能与ＣＭＥ相关的一些物理过程的观测特性。初步结论是：ＣＭＥ是一种演变中的磁结构现象。     

二维太阳光谱观测方法和技术

经典的太阳光谱观测是一维的，它有很大的局限性。从５０年代起，天文工作者采用多种方法开展二维太阳光谱观测，已经研制出一系列仪器，建立完整的资料归算程序，取得优良成果。在二维观测资料的基础上，用理论方法推出深度分布，可以得出三维的立体图像，这会成为太阳研究的主要方法之一。     

太阳大气磁精细结构的射电探讨

太阳大气磁场的研究对于太阳大气物理及太阳活动研究是十分重要的。目前探测光球以外的日够以球，过渡区磁场的几乎唯一办法，是在紧密联系其他频说段取得的信息基础上使用射电观测。根据在微波，米波段有关辐射机制和传播过程，介绍了推导磁场讯息的基本射电方法。     

太阳磁场观测研究

简要回顾了近几年国际上太阳磁场研究的一些重要进展，包括耀斑与磁切和电流的关系，电流螺度和磁螺度，磁场拓扑性，三维磁场外推，色球磁场研究，日冕磁场研究，内网络磁元，磁流和振荡，极区磁场观测以及色球磁元观测等方面内容，同时也介绍了怀柔太阳观测站最近所取得的主要成果，自20世纪90年代以来，YOHKOH高分辨率的太阳X射线数据，SOHO的多波段大尺度观测，TRACE的高分辨太阳过渡区资料，为研究太阳磁场从内部到距离几十太阳半径处的大范围演化提供了依据，高效的空间资料结合长期的地面资料，将是正派推动太阳磁场研究的重要手段和必然趋势。     

Radio properties of the Shapley Concentration – IV.The A3528 cluster complex

We report and discuss the results of a 22-cm radio survey carried out with the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) covering the A3528 complex, a chain formed by the merging ACO clusters A3528–A3530–A3532 , located in the central region of the Shapley Concentration. Simultaneous 13-cm observations are also presented. Our final catalogue includes a total of 106 radio sources above the flux density limit of 0.8 mJy. By cross-correlation with optical and spectroscopic catalogues we found 32 optical counterparts, nine of them belonging to the A3528 complex.
We explored the effects of cluster mergers on the radio emission properties of radio galaxies by means of the radio luminosity function (RLF) and radio source counts. We found that the radio source counts are consistent with the background counts, as already found for the A3558 complex. The RLF for this complex is consistent, in both shape and normalization, with the general cluster luminosity function for early-type galaxies derived by Ledlow & Owen. This result is different from the one we obtained for the A3558 merging complex, the RLF of which is significantly lower than that derived by Ledlow & Owen.
We propose that the different stage of the merger is responsible for the different RLFs in the two cluster complexes in the core of the Shapley Concentration. The early stage of merger for the A3528 complex, proposed by many authors, may not yet have affected the radio properties of cluster galaxies, while in the more much advanced merger in the A3558 region we actually see the effects of this process on the radio emission.     

Optical Design of Multilayer Achromatic Waveplate by Simulated Annealing Algorithm

We applied a Monte Carlo method-simulated annealing algorithm-to carry out the design of multilayer achromatic waveplate. We present solutions for three-, six-and ten-layer achromatic waveplates. The optimized retardance settings are found to be 89°51'39"±0°33'37" and 89°54'46"±0°22'4" for the six-and ten-layer waveplates, respectively, for a wavelength range from 1000nm to 1800nm. The polarimetric properties of multilayer waveplates are investigated based on several numerical experiments. In contrast to previously proposed three-layer achromatic waveplate, the fast axes of the new six-and ten-layer achromatic waveplate remain at fixed angles, independent of the wavelength. Two applications of multilayer achromatic waveplate are discussed, the general-purpose phase shifter and the birefringent filter in the Infrared Imaging Magnetograph (IRIM) system of the Big Bear Solar Observatory (BBSO). We also checked an experimental method to measure the retardance of waveplates.     

A multicolor photometric study of the neglected eclipsing binary FT Ursae Majoris

The multicolor photometric observations of the neglected eclipsing binary FT Ursae Majoris (FT UMa) were obtained in 2010. The 2003 version of the Wilson-Devinney code was used to analyze the light curves in the B, V and R bands simultaneously. Based on the spectroscopic mass ratio q = 0.984 published by Pribulla et al., it is found that FT UMa is an evolved contact binary with a contact degree of 15.3%. The low amplitude of light variations, ～ 0.15 mag, arises mainly from a moderately low inclination angle...     

Galaxy activity in merging binary galaxy clusters

We present the results of a study of galaxy activity in two merging binary clusters (A168 and A1750) using the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) data supplemented with the data in the literature. We have investigated the merger histories of A168 and A1750 by combining the results from a two-body dynamical model and X-ray data. In A168, two subclusters appear to have passed each other and to be coming together from the recent maximum separation. In A1750, two major subclusters appear to have started interaction and to be coming together for the first time. We find an enhanced concentration of the galaxies showing star formation (SF) or active galactic nuclei (AGN) activity in the region between two subclusters in A168, which were possibly triggered by the cluster merger. In A1750, we do not find any galaxies with SF/AGN activity in the region between two subclusters, indicating that two major subclusters are in the early stage of merging.