山东金矿深部勘查进展与成矿理论创新

在全面搜集研究已有资料的基础上,详细阐述了近年来山东省金矿勘查取得的主要成果,并系统总结了成矿理论和成矿规律研究方面的新进展。近十年来,山东省金矿勘查取得重大进展,仅在胶东地区,就累计发现大中型及以上金矿70多处,其中超百吨的特大型金矿床6处,均分布在招远-莱州整装勘查区内。此外,在牟乳成矿带发现了新类型的辽上式大型金矿——黄铁矿碳酸盐脉型金矿,资源储量70 t;发现笏山-西陡崖金矿,资源储量超过30 t,极大地扩展了胶东地区的金矿找矿范围。同时,在鲁西地区归来庄矿田隐爆角砾岩型金矿深部600 m以下发现新矿体,新增资源储量超过20 t;在鲁西莱芜地区发现三岔河矽卡岩型铁金矿床,资源储量近7 t;在泰安新泰市化马湾附近发现了泉河金矿床,这显示着鲁西地区同样具有广阔的深部找矿前景。在成矿作用研究方面,针对成矿作用机制、成矿模式及矿床类型等不同方面,地质学家们也提出了诸多理论学说,对促进山东金矿找矿突破发挥了重要的指导作用,进一步推动了山东金矿理论创新和找矿实践。     

Chemical Weathering of New Pyroclastic Deposits from Mt. Merapi （Java）, Indonesia

The Java Island, Indonesia with abundant amount of pyroclastic deposits is located in the very active and dynamic Pacific Ring of Fires. Studying the geochemical weathering indices of these pyroclastic deposits is important to get a clear picture about weathering profiles on deposits resulting from the eruption of Mt. Merapi. Immediately after the first phase of the eruption （March to June 2006）, moist and leached pyroclastic deposits were collected. These pyroclastic deposits were found to be composed of volcanic glass, plagioclase feldspar in various propoitions, orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene, olivine, amphibole and titanomagnetite. The total elemental composition of the bulk samples （including trace elements and heavy metals） was determined by wet chemical methods and X-ray fluorescence （XRF） analyses. Weathering of the pyroelastic deposits was studied using various weathering indices. The Ruxton ratio, weathering index of Parker, Vought resudual index and chemical index of weathering of moist pyroclastic deposits were lower than those of the leached samples, but the alteration indices （chemical and plagioclase） were slightly higher in the moist compared to the leached pyroelastic deposits.     

Environmental evolution of Gongwang Mountains during Holocene in northeastern Yunnan, China

This paper presents the study on two continuous glacio-lacustrine sedimentary deposits, Laotanfang （3 597 m） and Shibantang （3 689 m） located on the southern and northern sides of Hulifang peak in Yunan, China. Environmental change indexes are constructed for each deposit, based on grain size, geochemical and pollen analysis, environmental magnetic susceptibility, and 14C dating. The study of climatic environmental change since the Holocene epoch in this region shows that the climate fluctuated at different stages during the early Holocene, that is, the climate was cool and wet during 8.4-7. 7r ka, cold and wet during 7.7-6. 5 ka, cold and dry during 6. 5-4.7 ka, cool and wet during 4.7-2. 1 ka, warm and wet during 2. 1-1.0 ka, and warmer and wet since 1 ka. These findings reflect the overlapping influences of the southwest and southeast monsoons in different times during the Holocene in the north part of southwestern China are in accord with other Holocene climate change models in this part of China.     

陕西小秦岭金矿的富化与动力成矿作用的关系

本文用动力成矿观点对小秦岭金矿田富矿体的形成提出了新的解释,对本区的动力成矿特点作了较详细的说明。文中联系到地壳演化的不同阶段对金矿的富化过程进行了较深入的讨论,并提出了新的成矿系列。笔者以基础地质、大地构造和同位素年龄资料为依据对小秦岭金矿田含金石英脉的成因提出了与前人不同的新观点,认为它是晋宁晚期岩浆期后热液矿床。     

Preliminary study on the spore-pollen assemblages found in the Cenozoic sedimentary rocks in Grove Mountains, east Antarctica and its climatic implications

Glaciogene sedimentary rocks have been found in modem tills of the Grove Mountains, east Antarctica during the 1998 - 1999 Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition （CHNARE）. Based on the lithilogic and sedimentary features, these sedimentary rocks are correlated with Cenozoic sedimentary strata of the Pagodroma Group in the neighboring Prince Charles Mountains and the Sorsdal Formation in VestFold Hills. Sedimentary clasts contain sparsely Late Tertiary spores and pollens, including ： Toroisporis （ Lygodiaceae）, Osmunda, Granulatisporites （ Pteridaceae？） , Polypodiaceae, Podocarpus , Araucariaceae, Artemisia , Rhus , Nothofagidites , Proteacidites （Proteaceae） , Quercus , Fraxinoipollenites （ Oleaceae ） , Oleoidearumpollenites（ Oleaceae ）, Operculumpollis, and Tricolpopollenites. Most of the pollen and spores contained in these samples originate from local sources according to the conditions of their preservations as well as correlations with the microfossil assemblages found in the neighboring areas. The majority of the pollen assemblages, as represented by Podocarpus and Nothofagus, belong to the Weddellian biogeocenose, however some exotic components from the old sedimentary basement rocks may have been included during erosion of the proximal ice sheet. If the source areas of glaciogenic sedimentary rocks that bear the pollen and spores are assumed to be local, or in the up glacier areas, the pollen assemblages in these samples might represent an inland flora during a warmer period of the ice-sheet evolutionary history. The finding of the Artemisia and Chenopodiaceae in the pollen assemblages implies that they may belong to late Tertiary （most probably Pliocene）. The absence of diatoms in the samples analyzed may indicate that there are no Cenozoic marine strata in the interior of the east Antarctica beyond the Grove Mountains. The significances of the finding of the Nothofagus in these pollen assemblages are discussed on the basis of current knowledge about the age, distribution and ecological conditions of this kind of fossils found in Sirius Group or other strata outcropped in Antarctica. As a preliminary conclusion, we think that the existence of the Cenozoic glaciogenenic rocks and their pollen assemblages present new evidence for a large scale glacial retreat history in Grove Mountains of east Antarctica, and thus support a dynamic East Antarctic Ice Sheet （EAIS）. This is consistent with the interpretations of Webb et al. （1984）.     

辽宁省主要金矿化集中区特征及今后找矿工作建议

辽宁省位于华北地台北缘,其地质构造演化主要经历了地台基底形成（Ａｒ－Ｐｔ１）、盖层沉积（Ｐｔ２－Ｔ２）、地台活化（Ｔ３以后）三个阶段。按成矿物质来源、成矿环境、成矿作用、矿点矿化点空间分布规律及物化探异常特征,辽宁省可划分出朝阳县小塔子—北票迷力营子、义县红石砬子—刘龙台、葫芦岛市水泉、建昌县温杖子、凌源市柏杖子、阜新县地宫—建设、浑南、浑北、盖县猫岭、辽阳田家围子—凤城弟兄山及丹东市沿江等１２个金的主要矿化集中区。辽宁省今后的地质勘查工作应注意以下几点：（１）要更新找矿观念,注意寻找新类型和大型超大型矿床;（２）按区域成矿条件,选好找矿重点突破区;（３）精确地认识和了解已知矿床,坚持就矿找矿;（４）坚持“五统一”的部署原则,利用地质、地球物理及地球化学方法进行综合找矿。     

铅硐山铅锌矿床动力热液成矿特征

本文研究了陕西凤县铅桐山铅锌矿床构造变形及其地质地球化学特征。笔者从矿区褶皱变形、岩石有限应变测量、层滑断裂破碎带和矿体产出形态特征、含矿硅质岩特征、层滑破碎带铅锌元素分布、流体包裹体特征等方面分析了该矿床动力热液成矿特征,并提出了该矿床动力热液成矿模式。 通过动力热液成矿特征分析,本文结论是:构造动力作用不仅能形成一些变形构造,同时在适当条件下也能使破碎带金属物质活化转移并富集成矿,而且还能富集形成大型热液矿床——即动力热液形成矿床。这种新观点对认识该矿床成因和进一步找矿勘探等均有重要意义。     

Palynoflora of Wulaga dinosaur site in Jiayin （ Zeya-Bureya Basin,China）

The palynological assemblage from Wulaga dinosaur site in Jiayin from southeastern Zeya-Bureya Basin was studied. The high content of pteridophytes spores is characteristic for this assemblage. The further characters are in decrease of abundance-tricolpate pollen, Ginkgocycadophytus, pollen of Taxodiaceae, Cupressaceae and Taxaceae （TCT） , bisaccate pollen of Pinaceae, and triporate pollen. The bone-bearing burials of Wulaga dinosaur site formed under conditions of vast swampy river valley covered by ferns and taxodialeans. Tricolpate pollen, produced by plants, close to those of Platanaceae, Fagaceae, Betulaceae, and Juglandaceae, counts in favor of valley river open canopy forests.     

论合理开发利用舞阳铁矿的几个问题

舞阳铁矿系指位于河南省平顶山市所辖舞钢市区内含铁矿大小共计１２处的一群铁矿区,总储量占河南省铁矿探明储量的５３％,主要有铁山（含铁古坑、铁山庙）、八台（含赵案庄、王道行）及经山寺等大、中型铁矿区。矿床类型主要为沉积变质型,次为岩浆型;区内铁矿品位不高,主要矿物为磁铁矿及部分赤铁矿。在阐述资源概况及建矿历程的基础上,对如何合理开发利用舞阳铁矿,重点就矿区的规划,红矿的利用,磷、铀的综合利用,矿产开发对环境的影响,以及矿山开发管理等问题进行了较为详细的论述,提出了相应的对策建议     

造山带金矿研究现状与存在的问题

造山带金矿是当前矿床学和大地构造学研究热点,Groves等(1998)、Goldfarb等(2001)基于太古"地壳连续模式"(Groves,1993)的研究工作以涉及资料量大、应用成果新、考虑地质因素多而居于这一领域前沿.但是,目前众多研究对前寒武地质与显生宙地质的宏观差异、世界金矿一些总体规律及若干具体大地构造背景等尚认识不足.显生宙缺乏太古代大规模火成活动,已知金矿中很少同变质深成型(hypozonal),以浅变质岩为围岩的金矿区中没有相当的中-深变质岩为围岩的金矿."太古绿岩带"金矿区同样也缺乏浅变质岩为围岩的金矿.华北地块周边金矿主要形成在侏罗-白垩纪,明显晚于大兴安岭造山带和秦岭-大别山造山带,而与欧亚陆缘近南北向燕山期岩浆弧有关.距俯冲带较远、缺乏蛇绿混杂岩与大规模变质作用、发育大量中-新生代盆地及广泛地壳减薄等表明,中国东部与北美科迪勒拉(Cordillera)造山带晚中生代地质存在宏观差异,燕山期岩浆弧可能形成于一个以伸展为主导的环境,大量以花岗岩为围岩或相对太古变质围岩后生成因金矿及其成矿的大地构造背景值得深入研究,弄清各类显生宙金矿与造山带的关系是推进造山带金矿研究的关键.     

大汶口盆地杨家坡矿段岩盐矿地质特征及岩相新认识

大汶口盆地矿产资源丰富,构造发育,构造对矿床起着明显的控制作用。在以往的地质勘查工作中,仅在东向洼地内发现了岩盐矿床,推测大汶口盆地岩盐相区呈NW-SE向椭球状分布于东向洼地内。杨家坡矿段位于东向洼地北东侧毗邻的满庄-大西牛洼地,在该矿段地质勘查中,首次发现了多层岩盐工业矿层,单层真厚度0.84~5.09 m,品位NaCl含量81.70%~97.14%,厚度较稳定,品位较均匀。该矿段岩盐矿床的发现,使得盆地内岩盐相区向北东延伸了约4 km,赋盐面积扩大了约5 km^2,并推测岩盐相区呈“冰壶”状分布,壶体分布于东向洼地,壶柄分布于满庄-大西牛洼地。同时,对断层F 3的活动性质及其对岩盐相区的控制作用等有了新认识。     

西宁盆地泥质型钙芒硝资源的开发利用

西宁盆地蕴藏着极为丰富的钙芒硝资源,80年代即已探明硫酸钠(Na_2SO_4)地质储量20亿吨,远景储量100亿吨以上。矿床所在地距西宁市区2～10余km,水、电、路“三通”良好,且无水硫酸钠及其深加工产品市场颇为广阔。80年代以来,这种“城市矿”曾几次建厂开发。至今未能开发成功的直接原因是,矿石含泥质物较高,用常规方法脱除困难。笔者以新的工艺流程进行的日产10吨芒硝的脱泥除杂中试试验表明,以这种泥质型矿为原料,完全可以以低的成本生产出高纯度的硫酸钠产品,可以取得可观的经济效益。西宁盆地具备形成一个硫酸钠盐型盐化工工业基地的基本条件。     

黄铜矿微量元素对矿床成因类型的指示

金属矿物微量元素对矿床形成过程和成因类型具有重要指示作用,目前对黄铁矿、磁铁矿及闪锌矿研究较多,黄铜矿微量元素特征鲜有报道。根据收集的斑岩型铜矿床(PCD)、岩浆型铜镍硫化物矿床(MSD)、沉积岩型层状铜矿床(SSC)、铁氧化物铜金矿床(IOCG)、喷流沉积型矿床(SEDEX)及火山成因块状硫化物矿床(VMS)铜精矿样品,结合资料,对黄铜矿开展了详细矿相学和LA-ICP-MS微量元素研究,揭示黄铜矿微量元素特征及其与矿床成因类型的关系。黄铜矿中Mn, Co, Ni, Se, Ag, Sn, Pb及Bi质量分数可达1 000×10^-6以上,Ga, Ge, Mo, Cd, In, Sb, Te, Au及Tl质量分数可达100×10^-6以上,说明黄铜矿是很多微量元素的重要载体。黄铜矿Sb-Tl, In-Sn, Pb-Bi及Mn-Ni呈明显的正相关关系,其中Sb, Tl, In及Sn主要以固溶体的形式赋存于黄铜矿,Pb与Bi以方铅矿包裹体的形式赋存于黄铜矿,Mn, Co, As, Te, Ag及Ni 2种赋存状态均有发育。PCD型和VMS型黄铜矿微量...     

Changes of taxonomical composition of Late Jurassic Early Cretaceous palynofloras of Bureya Basin,Russia

The changes of taxonomical composition of the Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous palynofloras are revealed,in the upper stream of Bureya River in Bureya Basin.The palynofloras are dominated as follows:the Berriasian one by ferns (Cyatheaceae,Dicksoniaceae,Osmundaceae), Classopollis and bisaccate pollen;the Valanginian-Hauterivian one by ferns (Cyatheaceae,Dicksoniaceae), Ginkgocycadophytus and bisaccate pollen;the Barremian one by ferns(Cyatheaceae,Dieksoniaceae);the Aptian one by ferns(Cyatheaceae,Dieksoniaceae,Gleicheniaceae)and Ginkgocycadophytus;and the Albian one by ferns(Schizaeaceae)and bisaccate pollen.In the Albian the floral diversity raises with the angiosperms appearing.     

Changes of taxonomical composition of Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous palynofloras of Bureya Basin,Russia

The changes of taxonomical composition of the Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous palynofloras are revealed,in the upper stream of Bureya River in Bureya Basin.The palynofloras are dominated as follows:the Berriasian one by ferns(Cyatheaceae,Dicksoniaceae,Osmundaceae),Classopollis and bisaccate pollen;the Valanginian-Hauterivian one by ferns(Cyatheaceae,Dicksoniaceae),Ginkgocycadophytus and bisaccate pollen;the Barremian one by ferns(Cyatheaceae,Dicksoniaceae);the Aptian one by ferns(Cyatheaceae,Dicksoniaceae,Gleicheniaceae) and Ginkgocycadophytus;and the Albian one by ferns(Schizaeaceae) and bisaccate pollen.In the Albian the floral diversity raises with the angiosperms appearing.     

Changes of taxonomical composition of Late Jurassic- Early Cretaceous palynofioras of Bureya Basin, Russia

The changes of taxonomical composition of the Late Jurassic- Early Cretaceous palynofloras are revealed, in the upper stream of Bureya River in Bureya Basin. The palynofloras are dominated as follows： the Berriasian one by ferns （Cyatheaceae, Dicksoniaceae, Osmundaceae）, Classopollis and bisaccate pollen; the Valanginiar-Hauterivian one by ferns （Cyatheaceae, Dicksoniaceae）, Ginkgocycadophytus and bisaccate pollen; the Barremian one by ferns （Cyatheaceae, Dicksoniaceae）; the Aptian one by ferns （Cyatheaceae, Dicksoniaceae, Gleicheniaceae） and Ginkgocycadophytus; and the Albian one by ferns （Schizaeaceae） and bisaccate pollen. In the Albian the floral diversity raises with the angiosperms appearing.     

Features of Sand-dust Deposits in Harbin City, China

1 Introduction The sand-dust storm weather, induced by special at- mospheric circulation in specifically geologic and geo- graphic environment, is disastrous one with little prob- ability and excessive harm. In China, the sand-dust storm frequency of every 10 years had increased from 4 times in the 1950s to 23 times in the 1990s (Zhuang et al., 2001). The sand-dust weather occurring in a large area of the northern China in the spring of 2002 had attracted much attention. People are gradually…