南北地震带北段及其两侧断层现今活动性

分析了南北地震带北段及其两侧跨断层流动形变资料，研究了各断裂带的活动水平、动态过程及其与强震的关系。结果表明，南北地震带北段及其两侧现今断层平均垂直活动速率为0.19mm/a，断层活动处于第四纪以来较低水平；区域断层活动增强是强震发生的重要标志之一；强震前断层异常活动存在由外围向震中迁移的特征；南西华山-六盘山断裂带为近年可能发生强烈地震的地区。     

西秦岭—东昆仑及邻近地区地壳结构——深地震宽角反射/折射剖面结果

在青藏高原东北缘,穿过阿尼玛卿缝合带东端完成了一条637 km的近南北向深地震宽角反射/折射剖面.获得的地壳结构剖面表明,该地区Moho界面埋深48～51 km,北浅南深,横向变化不大,而地壳内部构造在不同的地质构造块体差异明显.在下地壳内出现的两组能量较强的P₃、P₄波组,反映了研究区下地壳的反射性质和多层结构特征.阿坝弧形断裂以南和阿尼玛卿缝合带附近壳内界面变形强烈,壳内低速异常结构明显,特别是在缝合带下方20 km以下的中下地壳异常的低速结构可以解释为存在延伸至中下地壳的破碎带构造特征.在剖面南段反映西秦岭褶皱带至松甘块体相应的地震记录出现复杂、强烈的中下地壳反射和相对较弱的Moho反射震相是该地区地壳结构的明显特征.     

新疆且末县吐孜敦古地震形变带及其年代问题

新疆且末县拟在吐拉乡阿尔金活动断裂带上修建水库。水库近场区内沿阿尔金活动断裂存在一条古地震破裂形变带。为了对水库进行安全性评价 ,采用地貌风化剥蚀法确定了古地震形变带的形成年代。该次古地震事件的发生时间大约距今 4 0 0年前     

安徽霍山地震区深部电性结构和发震构造特征

霍山地震区位于大别造山带北缘华北板块与扬子板块接触带上,是大别造山带及周边地震活动最频繁、最集中的地区.83个大地电磁测点组成的大地电磁三维阵列覆盖了整个霍山地震区.用多重网格法、印模迭代重构法和非线性共轭梯度法对阵列数据进行三维带地形反演,获得了地震区深部三维电性结构.电性结构显示,北大别、北淮阳区的中上地壳为电阻率1000Ωm以上的高阻区,中下地壳为电阻率数十欧姆米的相对低阻区;六安盆地电阻率整体较低,中地壳存在显著的电阻率为几欧姆米的壳内高导层.北西向的晓天—磨子潭断裂分隔了北大别高阻层和北淮阳高阻层,在浅部向NE倾,深部向SW倾;北东向的落儿岭—土地岭断裂切穿北大别上地壳高阻层.小震双差定位结果表明,地震主要发生在NE向延伸的落儿岭—土地岭断裂附近的北大别、北淮阳中上地壳的高阻区,并集中于NW向的晓天—磨子潭断裂运动所造成的构造薄弱带中;2014年M S4.3霍山地震震源深度较深,位于北大别高阻区内部的电性梯度较大的区域.综合上述结果我们认为,霍山地震区的主要发震断裂为落儿岭—土地岭断裂,断裂的运动变形充分利用了晓天—磨子潭断裂早先活动所形成的构造薄弱带,断裂下方壳源高导体中的流体沿断层传播使断层强度弱化,使得这些薄弱带区易于发生小地震.由于北大别、北淮阳构造区显著高阻层的存在,我们认为霍山地震区存在发生6级以上中强震的深部孕震环境.     

郯庐断裂带及其邻区上地幔顶部Pn波速度与各向异性层析成像

本研究拾取了中国数字测震台网固定台站记录的2008-2016年2级以上地震事件中的27233条高质量Pn到时资料,反演得到了郯庐断裂带及其邻区上地幔顶部Pn波速度和各向异性结构模型.结果显示,研究区上地幔顶部Pn波速度结构存在强烈的横向不均匀性,速度异常形态与区域地质构造较为吻合.太行山造山带、鲁西隆起、大别造山带、苏鲁褶皱带、胶辽隆起和华北盆地南端等隆起区表现为低波速异常,而黄海北、南部盆地、渤海湾和华北盆地北部等凹陷区均为高波速异常.壳内强震主要发生在Pn低波速异常和高低波速异常的横向过渡地带,说明强震的发生与上地幔结构的横向变化之间存在有一定关联.郯庐断裂带两侧Pn波速度以郯城地震为界其东北侧和西南侧分别分布有与断裂带近平行的低波速异常条带,而西北侧和东南侧分别分布有高波速异常条带,各向异性快波方向近乎沿断裂带走向,可能由于上地幔热物质沿郯庐断裂带上涌形成低速异常后断裂带发生左旋平移运动所致.华北盆地内上地幔顶部Pn波速度结构和各向异性的明显变化,反映华北克拉通破坏过程中经历了地幔热物质上涌、莫霍面隆升以及岩石圈拆沉等复杂构造变形.     

郯庐断裂带中南段及邻区Pn波速度结构与各向异性

郯庐断裂带是一条纵贯我国大陆东部NNE走向的巨型深断裂,其中南段及邻区(115°E—122°E,29°N—38°N)跨越了华北断块区、扬子断块区和华南褶皱系三大一级构造单元,由于其重要性和复杂性,长期以来一直是地学家们研究的热点.本文从国际地震中心(ISC)、中国地震台网及区域地震台网的地震观测报告中精心挑选出6381个Pn震相数据,用Pn波时间项层析成像法反演得到了郯庐断裂带中南段及邻区上地幔顶部Pn波速度结构和各向异性.结果显示,研究区上地幔顶部具有显著的横向非均匀性,相对于7.95km·s-1的平均速度而言,Pn波速度值在7.68~8.24km·s-1范围内变化.Pn波速度分布在郯庐断裂带中段和南段具有分段性:沿中段及周边存在一NE向低速异常带,低速可能是由于岩石圈的减薄和软流圈的高温物质沿郯庐带上涌导致;沿南段表现为一NNE向弱高波速异常带,作为高低速的边界带清晰地勾勒出了华北与扬子这两个不同块体,该边界在江苏域向华北地块NW方向凹进.Pn波速度各向异性的强弱与速度分布存在一定的相关性.总体上,如鲁西隆起及以南等低速区、茅山断裂附近的高低速过渡带,其速度各向异性较为强烈;而在具有高速异常的苏北盆地、合肥盆地等稳定区域下方其各向异性较弱.本文通过Pn波震相基本未能探测到郯庐断裂带中段的方位各向异性,推测是上地幔顶部被"冻结"下来的各向异性痕迹被软流圈热物质上涌这一强烈构造运动削弱所导致.南段具有与断裂伸展方向近乎平行的快波速方向.Pn波速度横向变化和强震活动存在一定关联.强震主要发生在Pn波低速异常区或高低速过渡带上.郯城8.5级地震震中位于中段和南段高低速过渡带,该区域也是速度横向变化最大的地方,最容易集中应力和产生应力差.     

青海大通断裂带初步研究

青海大通断裂带是青藏高原北部压性盆地带内的一条NE向断裂,构成西宁盆地与大通城关盆地的边界。该断裂带主要由麻子营-庙沟断裂(F1)和老爷山-南门峡断裂(F2)2条次级断裂段构成,沿该断裂带有明显垂直断错的地貌现象。野外调查表明,断裂具有长期活动特征,基岩中发育10余米宽的断层破碎带,且沿断裂带一些地段有岩脉侵入。断裂最新活动表现为寒武纪地层逆冲到早第四纪砖红色砾石层之上,沿断层面发育数厘米厚的断层泥。但断层带上覆坡积黄土未被断错。断层泥测年(ESR)结果为(610±61)kaBP;上覆黄土测年(OSL)结果为(14.6±1.5)kaBP。根据测年结果和地质地貌现象判定该断裂带在中更新世有过明显活动。大通盆地内部地层以长轴NW向的褶皱变形为主,根据断层与褶皱变形的关系认为,在NEE向区域挤压应力作用下NE向的大通断裂是断层两侧褶皱带之间不同段落压缩不均匀而形成的横向撕裂。这一特征可能代表了青藏高原东北部一系列NE向断裂的共同特征。这些NE向断裂规模不大,被围限在活动块体内部,与褶皱和压性盆地轴向近垂直     

The constraints of strain partitioning and geochronology in Luonan-Luanchuan tectonic belts on Qinling orogenic belt

The Luonan-Luanchuan tectonic belt lies between the North China Block and Qinling Mountains, including the Luonan-Luanchuan fault zone and the strong deformation zone to the north of the fault. The ductile shear zone, imbricate brittle fault and duplex structure in the fault zone now are the expression of the same tectonic event in different depth. Such lineation structure exists in the tectonic belts as mineral lineation, elongation lineation, crenulation lineation, sheath folds and so on, indicating NE-directed plate motion. Fold axes and thrusts in the strong deformation zone are inclined to the Luonan-Luanchuan fault zone at small angles. The structures with different natures show a regular pattern, produced during oblique convergence of plates. The convergence factors are as follows: The direction of plate convergence is 22°, 31° and the angle between the plate convergence direction and plate boundary is 73°, 82° respectively in the west and east segment. The Luonan-Luanchuan tectonic belt was deformed strongly in 372 Ma, resulted from Erlangping back-arc ocean basin subduction sinistrally and obliquely to North China Block during the collision of North China Block and South China Block. Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40372097 and 40772131)     

中、缅、印交界地区的地震分布特征及震源机制解的研究

利用1965——1981年mb4.0的580个地震,研究了中、缅、印交界地区的地震空间分布特征,得到地震主要在阿萨姆块体周围及凹向块体的断裂带上成带或成群分布;在缅甸北部大约由20N到26N存在倾斜地震带,其倾向由南到北逐渐由东转向南东东,其倾角由30变为50;地震带厚度为20——30km;作了38个地震的机制解,机制解表明,在缅甸北部、阿萨姆块体及其相邻地区压力轴为北东方向且近于水平,反映了印度板块以北东方向挤压欧亚板块.      

玉溪-临沧剖面宽角地震探测——红河断裂带及滇南地壳结构研究

云南位于南北地震带南段,地震活动具有频度高、强度大的特点,中小地震几乎遍及云南南部,是中国大陆内部地震活动最强的地区之一.滇南地区跨越多个重要的地质构造单元和多条地震带,其中红河断裂带是跨越该地区的一条大型的走滑断裂带,作为印支地块和华南地块两大地块的分界断裂,对人们认识板块相互运动及其深部动力学背景具有重要意义.中国地震局于2010年启动了"中国地震科学台阵探测--南北地震带南段"项目,在云南省中西部跨越红河断裂带布设一条近东西向的深地震宽角反射/折射探测剖面,本文利用该东西向深地震宽角反射/折射剖面来研究红河断裂带及滇南地区详细的地壳结构及其孕震背景.研究结果表明:沿测线地壳结构呈西薄东厚的特征,以红河断裂带为界,断裂带以西地壳较薄,约34 km,以东地壳加厚至44 km左右;红河断裂带两侧速度结构具有明显的差异,断裂带西侧速度较低,东侧速度明显偏高.由震相特征及获取的地壳结构可以看出,红河断裂带两侧由浅至深速度结构的异常特征说明该古缝合带两侧块体地壳结构岩性的巨大差异性.     

Study on Medium- and Long-term Strong Earthquake Risk Along the Zhangjiakou-Penglai Fault Zone

INTRODUCTIONManyhlstoric andrecent eaythquakes occurred along the Zhan9lakou－Penglal fanfaut zone situatedIn h。northern part of North China seismic regl()n(Fig．l),Including Sanhe－Pinggu MS．0 earthquakeonseptemberZ,1679 and Tangshan M7．8 eal’thquake on July28,1976．Afterthe Tangshanearthquake,a seismic quiescence along this zone lasted for 20 or more yeas without M 3 6．0eafthquake．Butonjanuary20,1998 theZhangbel M6．2 eafthquake occurred·Then the seismicactivity tends to …     

安徽地区历史及现代地震活动与断裂活动性关系研究

安徽地区处于华北板块与扬子板块沿着大别造山带的陆一陆碰撞变形带,构造背景复杂多样,断裂十分发育。郯庐断裂带长期控制着两侧的构造格局,大别山东缘的霍山地区多条断裂在晚第四纪有新活动。史料记载表明安徽地区历史地震以中强震为主,最高震级为M6 1/4级。根据区域地震地质、历史地震近年最新研究成果,对第四纪特别是晚第四纪以来的断裂活动习性做出归纳和分类,并分析历史地震、1970年后有仪器记载以来中等强度地震和小地震密集与断裂活动的相关性,为中长期地震预测提供依据。     

汶川地震余震序列的地震各向异性

利用2008年5月12日汶川地震震源区及周边地震台站记录的余震序列资料,使用剪切波分裂系统分析法,分析了汶川地震发震构造龙门山断裂带及周边地区的地壳各向异性特征,推断了地壳最大主压应力方向及空间分布特征.研究结果表明：大致以安县为界,位于龙门山北东段的台站快剪切波的偏振方向为北东向,与断裂带走向一致;而位于龙门山西南段的台站快剪切波的偏振方向为北西向,与断裂带走向垂直;这个特征同样揭示出龙门山断裂带西南段逆冲、北东段带有明显走滑性质的特征.研究还显示,靠近龙门山与鲜水河、安宁河小江断裂交汇区附近的台站快剪切波的偏振方向表现比较离散,这可能是由震源区局部的复杂地质构造引起,与该地区复杂的主压应力方向特点一致.     

Preliminary Study on Horizontal Deformation and Tectonic Activity in the Northern Part of North China Using GPS Remeasurement Results

In this paper, the baseline variation and displacement vector was analyzed using the calculated results of GPS measurements carried out from 1995 to 1996 in North China. Based on these analytical results, we studied the recent tectonic activity. In general, the regional extension is dominant in the direction of proximately EW, but there is a difference in the SN direction. Extension is significant in the Shanxi fault-depression zone and Bohai region, while compression with strike-slip is characterized along the Yishui-Tancheng segment of the Tanlu fault zone. The baseline shortening zone is distributed along the Baotou-Zhangjiakou-Ninghe areas. It is a boundary zone of regional variation where many differences of crustal horizontal deformation are discovered between the southern part and the northern part of this zone. The baseline shortening zone in NE direction is distributed along the Jianchang-Tangshan-Gucheng area. It is consistent with the Tangshan-Xingtai seismic zone which indicates that tectoni     

Gravity anomaly and density structure of the San Andreas fault zone

A densely spaced gravity survey across the San andreas fault zone was conducted near Bear Valley, about 180 km south of San Francisco, along a cross-section where a detailed seismic reflection profile was previously made byMcEvilly (1981). WithFeng andMcEvilly's velocity structure (1983) of the fault zone at this cross-section as a constraint, the density structure of the fault zone is obtained through inversion of the gravity data by a method used byParker (1973) andOldenburg (1974). Although the resulting density picture cannot be unique, it is better constrained and contains more detailed information about the structure of the fault than was previously possible. The most striking feature of the resulting density structure is a deeply seated tongue of low-density material within the fault zone, probably representing a wedge of fault gouge between the two moving plates, which projects from the surface to the base of the seismogenic zone. From reasonable assumptions concerning the density of the solid grains and the state of saturation of the fault zone the average porosity of this low-density fault gouge is estimated as about 12%. Stress-induced cracks are not expected to create so much porosity under the pressures in the deep fault zone. Large-scaled removal of fault-zone material by hydrothermal alteration, dissolution, and subsequent fluid transport may have occurred to produce this pronounced density deficiency. In addition, a broad, funnel-shaped belt of low density appears about the upper part of the fault zone, which probably represents a belt of extensively shattered wall rocks.     

中秦岭北侧特异重力场及其探榷

对陕西榆林-重庆综合地球物理大断面中在陕西咸阳至中秦岭北侧测段特异重力场给以分析和探讨.研究结果认为:秦岭北侧断裂带(或秦岭造山带与华北地块的接触带)的位置恰在该重力异常突跃地段内.断裂构造的上部近于陡直、且略向北倾斜,倾角约为70°左右;断裂构造中部为近垂直形态;断裂构造下半部略向南倾斜,倾角70余度.秦岭北侧断裂以北的大幅度落差、大规模的巨型重力异常低谷区的形成,是由于上部地壳存在一个厚达6 km、宽40余公里的新生代沉积地层区引起的.中秦岭北侧断裂构造带和沉积岩层区的形成,是与地质历史时期中秦岭地区的多次复杂构造运动的叠加、特别是华北板块的下插、并与秦岭多级次造山运动具有极其密切的相关关系.     

Research on the dynamics of the South China Sea opening:Evidence from analogue modeling

Independent of Indochina extrusion, the South China Sea experienced a process from passive continental rifting to marginal sea drifting. According to the fault patterns in the Beibu Gulf basin and the Pearl River Mouth basin, the continental rifting and early spreading stage from 32 to 26 Ma were controlled by extensional stress field, which shifted clockwise from southeastward to south southeastward. From 24 Ma on, the sea spread in NW-SE direction and ceased spreading at around 15.5 Ma. Integrated geological information with the assumption that the South China Sea developed along a pre-Cenozoic weakness zone, we did analogue experiments on the South China Sea evolu- tion. Experiments revealed that the pre-existing weakness zone goes roughly along the uplift zone between the present Zhu-1 and Zhu-2 depression. The pre-existing weakness zone is composed of three segments trending NNE, roughly EW and NEE, respectively. The early opening of the South China Sea is accompanied with roughly 15° clockwise rotation, while the SE sub-sea basin opened with SE extension. Tinjar fault was the western boundary of the Nansha block (Dangerous Ground), while Lupar fault was the eastern boundary of the Indochina, NW-trending rift belt known as Zengmu basin developed between above two faults due to block divergent of Indochina from Nansha. In the experiment, transtensional flower structures along NW-trending faults are seen, and slight inversion occurs along some NE-dipping faults. The existence of rigid massifs changed the orientations of some faults and rift belt, and also led to deformation concentrate around the massifs. The rifting and drifting of the South China Sea might be caused by slab pull from the proto South China Sea subducting toward Borneo and/or mantle flow caused by India-Asia collision.     

Northwest trending tectonic belt in the middle Yanshan Orogenic Belt of northeast Hebei Province,North China: Tectonic evolution and geochronology

1 An out-of-line northwest trending tectonic beltin the middle part of the Yanshan Orogenic Belt The tectonic framework of the intraplate YanshanOrogenic Belt is dominated by east-west and northeastextending structures as revealed by many geologists.There lies, however, a 100-km-long enigmatic out-of-line northwest extending tectonic complex in the mid-dle part of the Yanshan Orogenic Belt (fig. 1). Theresearch on the geometry, kinematics, timing of thiscomplex tectonic belt and its r…     

缅甸山弧地区Benioff带的形态及其应力状态

研究了缅甸山弧附近的中源地震分布,发现h>70km的地震主要分布在20°N-27°N之间,形成明显的条带分布,24°N以南走向近南北,24°N以北走向逐渐接近NE;通过垂直剖面的研究,发现缅甸山弧下的Benioff带形态是变化的,在南北两端倾角较小,且较为平直,延伸深度浅,小于100km;在地震带的中间部分,Benioff带的倾角逐渐加大,且倾角随深度加深而增大,延伸深度可达180km。在一些剖面上出现双地震层,一般出现在45-100km的深度范围内,两层间的距离从10-25km不等;在同一剖面上,两层间在浅部间距大,在深部间距小。研究了沉降带上的应力状态,发现沉降带上P轴的优势方向位于NE-SW,T轴分布较分散;P、T轴随深度没有明显变化;在上地震层中,T轴明显接近于Benioff带的倾向;通过地壳内及沉降带上地震机制解的对比,发现前者的优势方向相对于后者逆时针旋转了一定角度。     

Recent tectonic stress field zoning in Sichuan-Yunnan region and its dynamic interest

In this paper, we have carefully determined the stress zones in the Sichuan-Yunnan region with reference to the in-situ stress data of hydraulic fracturing and the inverted fault slip data by using the step-by-step convergence method for stress zoning based on focal mechanism solutions. The results indicate that the tectonic stress field in the Sichuan-Yunnan region is divided into 3 stress zones by 2 approximately parallel NNW-trending stress transition belts. The area between the 2 belts is the Sichuan-Yunnan stress zone where the maximum principal stress σ1 is just in the NNW direction. The eastern boundary of Sichuan-Yunnan stress zone （the eastern stress transition belt） is basically consistent with the eastern boundary of Sichuan-Yunnan rhombic block. The western boundary of Sichuan-Yunnan stress zone （the western stress transition belt） is not totally consistent with the western boundary of Sichuan-Yunnan rhombic block. The northern segment of the western stress transition belt extends basically along the Jinshajiang fault and accords with the western boundary of Sichuan-Yunnan rhombic block, while its southern segment does not extend along the southwestern boundary of the rhombic block, i.e., Honghe fault and converge with the eastern stress transition belt, but stretches continuously in the NNW direction and accords with the Yingpanshan fault. We therefore consider that under the combined influence from the northward motion of India Plate, the southeastward shift of east Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and the strong obstruction of South China block, the tectonic stress field in the Sichuan-Yunnan region might not be totally controlled by the previous tectonic frame and new stress transition belt may have possibly formed.