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"深部探测技术与实验研究"(SINOPROBE)专项的启动揭开了中国"入地"计划的序幕.大规模的深地震反射剖面是该计划最重要的组成部分之一,如何从深地震反射剖面中获取更多有用的信息成为我们即将面临的重要课题.Skeletonization技术是西方国家在实施深部探测计划时发展的一项深地震剖面信息提取分析技术,对我们具有重要的借鉴意义.本文在研究前人工作的基础上,综述了Skeletonization技术的基本原理及其在国内外的发展,并在此基础上介绍了该技术在深地震反射剖面解释中的应用,最后结合我国刚刚启动的SINOPROBE计划对其进一步的发展进行了展望. 相似文献
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随着我国深部探测计划的实施,近年来在中国大陆地区实施了多条深地震反射剖面,获得了大量揭示地壳上地幔精细结构的宝贵资料. 为了更充分地挖掘这些资料中所包含的深部构造信息,本文在研究和总结前人工作的基础上,提出一种快速识别深地震反射剖面构造格架的方法. 该方法通过数据预处理、强振幅提取、中值滤波、对象识别、连续性计算和连续性滤波实现对深地震反射剖面构造格架识别. 同时,该方法还可通过对象倾角计算对复杂区域进行属性分析. 相似文献
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Large-offset approximation to seismic reflection traveltimes 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Conventional approximations of reflection traveltimes assume a small offset-to-depth ratio, and their accuracy decreases with increasing offset-to-depth ratio. Hence, they are not suitable for velocity analysis and stacking of long-offset reflection seismic data. Assuming that the offset is large, rather than small, we present a new traveltime approximation which is exact at infinite offset and has a decreasing accuracy with decreasing offset-to-depth ratio. This approximation has the form of a series containing powers of the offset from 1 to −∞. It is particularly accurate in the presence of a thin high-velocity layer above the reflector, i.e. in a situation where the accuracy of the Taner and Koehler series is poor. This new series can be used to gain insight into the velocity information contained in reflection traveltimes at large offsets, and possibly to improve velocity analysis and stacking of long-offset reflection seismic data. 相似文献
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已有地质和地球物理研究结果表明,北京平原区存在有多条第四纪隐伏活动断裂和隐伏盆地.为了研究该区的地壳浅部结构、断裂的空间展布、断裂活动性以及深浅构造关系,2006年,在北京平原的西北部地区完成了1条60次覆盖的中深层地震反射剖面和跨断裂的浅层地震反射剖面.结果表明,沿剖面结晶基底埋深约为3~6 km在结晶基底以上,地震反射剖面揭示了一套连续性较好的强反射震相,应是新生代、中生代和古生代的沉积岩系;在结晶基底之下,为一系列横向连续性较差、能量较弱的短小反射事件,可能代表了变质程度较高的结晶变质岩系或不成层的其他岩体.中深层和浅层地震剖面揭示的断裂具有上下一致的对应关系和明显的第四纪活动,对本区地堑-地垒状盆岭构造和新生代地层厚度具有重要的控制作用.本项研究不仅可进一步提高对北京地区新构造活动的认识,而且研究中所采用的方法技术对其他地区的深浅构造探测研究也有借鉴意义 相似文献
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大型克拉通内部沉积盆地基底组构与盆地起源和油气聚集有密切关系.除了钻井岩心及周缘露头研究可提供盆地结晶基底类型证据外,反射地震信号记录了沉积盆地起源时期的有关大地构造作用信息,盆地基底组构可通过记录长度大的反射地震剖面研究.2007年中石化在塔里木盆地将1400 km的地震剖面接收记录从6 s加长到12 s,为研究克拉通盆地结晶基底的组构和类型提供了难得的第一手资料.这篇文章主要介绍这次调查的反射地震剖面,讨论深反射地震数据处理的关键技术,展示塔里木盆地巴楚—塔中地区的四条12 s反射地震剖面,并对反射剖面的散射模式作初步分析.本次调查表明,将地震剖面接收记录从6 s加长到12 s,采集处理的成本只增加了3%左右,但是可为研究克拉通盆地结晶基底和上地壳不均匀性提供很有价值的第一手资料. 相似文献
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大型克拉通内部沉积盆地基底组构与盆地起源和油气聚集有密切关系.除了钻井岩心及周缘露头研究可提供盆地结晶基底类型证据外,反射地震信号记录了沉积盆地起源时期的有关大地构造作用信息,盆地基底组构可通过记录长度大的反射地震剖面研究.2007年中石化在塔里木盆地将1400 km的地震剖面接收记录从6 s加长到12 s,为研究克拉通盆地结晶基底的组构和类型提供了难得的第一手资料.这篇文章主要介绍这次调查的反射地震剖面,讨论深反射地震数据处理的关键技术,展示塔里木盆地巴楚—塔中地区的四条12 s反射地震剖面,并对反射剖面的散射模式作初步分析.本次调查表明,将地震剖面接收记录从6 s加长到12 s,采集处理的成本只增加了3%左右,但是可为研究克拉通盆地结晶基底和上地壳不均匀性提供很有价值的第一手资料. 相似文献
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假象识别是正确解释地震剖面的前提,也是描述地震成像保真度(精准度)的主要标准之一.本文通过分析反射地震剖面实例,对几种常见的、易被误解的地震成像假象的特征进行了分类阐述,提出基于成因识别地震成像假象的思路.从地震剖面成像过程来看,假象的成因包括信号误判、成像畸变和波速模型误差这三个主要因素.许多不易被识别的假象起源于地震数据处理成像过程中对信号的误判,犹如“张冠李戴”;成像畸变假象的根源包括成像照明度、资料频宽和方法假设等方面的缺陷,造成抹痕等成像结果畸变假象;当地震波速度模型误差较大时,地震成像结果不仅会出现成像位置错误,还可能在波阻抗不连续点出现散射拖尾假象.因此,衡量地震成像精准度的标准应包括成像结果的分辨率、位置准确度和假象识别三个要素.这些要素相互影响,因此应该根据研究目标和实际情况,综合评判地震成像中假象的影响. 相似文献
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A problem of reflection and transmission of elastic waves at a plane interface between a uniform elastic solid half-space and a porous elastic half-space containing two immiscible fluids is investigated. The theory developed by Lo, Sposito and Majer for porous media containing two immiscible fluids is employed to find out the reflection and transmission coefficients. The incident wave is assumed to propagate through the uniform elastic half-space and two cases are considered. In the first case, a beam of plane longitudinal wave is assumed to be incident and in the second case, a beam of transverse wave is assumed to be incident at the interface. By taking granite as impervious elastic medium and columbia fine sandy loam containing air-water mixture as porous medium, reflection and transmission coefficients are obtained. By neglecting the inertial coupling coefficients, these coefficients are reduced to those obtained by Tomar and Arora using the theory of Tuncay and Corapcioglu. It is found that the inertial coupling parameters significantly affect the phase speeds and the amplitude ratios of the transmitted waves. 相似文献
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Tuning is the effect of interference between the reflections from the top and bottom of a thin layer on the amplitude of the composite reflection. For a homogeneous sandstone reservoir containing an oil column overlying brine, interference between the reflection from the top reservoir and the oil/water contact is a function of the height of the oil column. If the properties of the sandstone do not vary across the oil/water contact, the SS, PS and SP reflection coefficients from the oil/water contact are small in comparison to the PP reflection coefficient. This allows analytic expressions for the effective PP and PS reflection coefficients from the reservoir to be derived that include all P‐wave multiples within the oil column. For a given source/receiver offset, the component of the wavevector inside the oil column normal to the interface is larger for the PPPP reflection than for the PPPS reflection, due to the asymmetry in the raypath for the PPPS reflection. The PPPS reflection is therefore useful for determining oil‐column heights larger than that discriminated by the PPPP reflection, especially when used at wider offsets. A convenient classification of the AVO response of hydrocarbon‐bearing sandstone reservoirs overlain by shale is the scheme of Rutherford and Williams. Class 1 sands have higher acoustic impedance for normal incidence than the overlying shale, Class 2 sands have nearly the same acoustic impedance as the shale and Class 3 sands have lower acoustic impedance. Synthetic shot gathers calculated for these three classes as a function of oil‐column height show that a combination of the PPPP and the PPPS amplitudes can be plotted as a tuning trajectory, which can be used to determine the oil‐column height. This method is most sensitive for reservoirs that belong to AVO classes 1 and 2, and therefore may be useful in AVO analysis of Class 1 and 2 reservoirs where the traditional AVO indicators (developed for Class 3 reservoirs) do not work very well. These results demonstrate the usefulness of shear waves recorded in the marine environment at wide offsets. 相似文献
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地震剖面与海水物性之间的关系是地震海洋学亟待研究的关键问题之一.本文选取地中海涡旋、各大洋不同纬度和南海东北部不同月份的三组CTD资料,按海域、季节和深度对法向相对贡献进行计算和分析,并从地中海涡旋CTD资料中选取典型温盐界面进行非法向相对贡献的研究.结果表明声速和温度的平均法向相对贡献随着海域、季节和深度呈相似性变化,其变化范围主要由相邻海水团之间的物性差异决定,分别为78%~94%和74%~98%.声速和温度(密度和盐度)的非法向相对贡献随着入射角的增加而增大(减小).用于反演的叠前地震数据应尽量包含较宽入射角范围的道集,特别是对于相对贡献较小的密度和盐度,包含小入射角的地震道对提高反演结果的精度尤为重要.通过对比地中海涡旋的Turner角剖面和相对贡献结果,发现Turner角对相对贡献具有很好的指示作用,其密度和盐度相对贡献较大的区域对应于Turner角为-45°的双稳定区域与扩散对流区域的边界附近,在此区域的密度比为零或较小.南北极附近海域的密度比较小,从而导致高纬度站位出现声速和温度相对贡献偏小的现象.南海东北部冬季表层海水的温度和声速相对贡献偏大则可能是由于黑潮侵入导致海水层温度差异及密度比变大引起. 相似文献
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The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of seismic reflection data in many areas is rather poor and conventional two-dimensional filters designed to suppress noise with different moveout from the signal tend to generate artifacts. We have extended a method of multichannel filtering, based on the hypothesis that signals on adjacent channels are similar, for enhancing the SNR on stacked sections. Using only the mid-range frequencies where the SNR is highest, the event trend is found for overlapping windows on the section and the average signal vector is calculated. Then the data from the full bandwidth section are projected onto the spatially varying unit similarity vectors and the results are merged for the overlapping windows. Application of the method to synthetic data containing steeply dipping events and to a stacked section for a marine 2D line has produced good results. The modifications we have introduced carry a small overhead in computing time but they should enable the method to be used effectively even on sections containing steep dips. 相似文献
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很多地区地震资料的信噪比较低,而用于压制与信号具有不同方向的随机噪声的常规二维滤波方法常常产生假信息。基于相邻信号具有相干性这一假设,本文提出了一种叠后衰减随机噪声的多道滤波方法。该方法利用信噪比最高的中频段信息(含有主频的这一频率区间)分时窗计算信号单位矢量,并将该时窗内全频段数据向信号单位矢量方向投影,对各时窗(包括时间方向和空间方向)重叠部分按比例进行加权。我们利用这种方法对含有陡倾角的合成地震数据和海上二维实际地震资料进行了处理,处理效果很好。这种方法较为费时,但不受倾角限制,应用范围广。 相似文献
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The concept of entropy originates from thermodynamic theory where entropy represents the turbidness of molecular movement. If the status of the molecular movement in a thermodynamic system is more disordered, the entropy of the system is larger. Wiggins[1… 相似文献
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A model-independent Hamiltonian formulation of paraxial and diffracted ray-tracing equations is presented. It is applied to asymptotic Green's function computations. The medium can have an arbitrary number of interfaces, possibly intersecting at diffracting edges and vertices. Continuously varying model parameters and anisotropy are allowed. The algorithm for elastic waves, involving accuracy control and amplitude computation, is implemented in a platform-independent object-orientated C++ package. Numerical tests and modelling examples are presented. 相似文献
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钦杭成矿带和武夷山成矿带是华南大陆两个重要的成矿带,成矿作用主要发生于中生代陆内造山时期.地质研究表明,基底和地表断裂的特征对成矿过程有重要的控制作用,研究上地壳结构特征对成矿差异性特征的认识有重要的参考价值.为此,本文基于跨越钦杭、武夷山成矿带江西万载至福建惠安的NW-SE向深地震测深剖面初至波数据,利用有限差分走时反演方法,获得了钦杭、武夷山成矿带8 km深度范围内的上地壳P波速度结构,其主要特征为:(1)钦杭、武夷山成矿带上地壳P波速度横向非均匀特征明显,以5.8 km·s-1速度等值线作为基底参考面,发现剖面基底埋深较浅,约1.0~3.0 km;钦杭成矿带的基底埋深总体小于武夷山成矿带,分别为0.5~2.0 km和1.5~3.0 km;(2)P波高速区(速度正异常区)与地表出露的岩浆岩对应较一致,P波低速区(速度负异常区)与主要的断裂位置或沉积盆地对应较一致,绍兴—江山—萍乡断裂和政和—大浦断裂下方的低速特征显示两条断裂至少向深部延伸8 km以上,暗示两条断裂具备深大断裂的性质,推测绍兴—江山—萍乡断裂可能是扬子块体和华夏块体的边界;(3)综合已有的地质、地球物理资料,我们推测钦杭成矿带和武夷山成矿带上地壳P波速度的不同,反映了深部岩浆作用过程的差异,基底深度及断裂性质是造成两个成矿带成矿差异的重要因素.
相似文献18.
钦杭成矿带和武夷山成矿带是华南大陆两个重要的成矿带,成矿作用主要发生于中生代陆内造山时期.地质研究表明,基底和地表断裂的特征对成矿过程有重要的控制作用,研究上地壳结构特征对成矿差异性特征的认识有重要的参考价值.为此,本文基于跨越钦杭、武夷山成矿带江西万载至福建惠安的NW-SE向深地震测深剖面初至波数据,利用有限差分走时反演方法,获得了钦杭、武夷山成矿带8 km深度范围内的上地壳P波速度结构,其主要特征为:(1)钦杭、武夷山成矿带上地壳P波速度横向非均匀特征明显,以5.8 km·s-1速度等值线作为基底参考面,发现剖面基底埋深较浅,约1.0~3.0 km;钦杭成矿带的基底埋深总体小于武夷山成矿带,分别为0.5~2.0 km和1.5~3.0 km;(2)P波高速区(速度正异常区)与地表出露的岩浆岩对应较一致,P波低速区(速度负异常区)与主要的断裂位置或沉积盆地对应较一致,绍兴—江山—萍乡断裂和政和—大浦断裂下方的低速特征显示两条断裂至少向深部延伸8 km以上,暗示两条断裂具备深大断裂的性质,推测绍兴—江山—萍乡断裂可能是扬子块体和华夏块体的边界;(3)综合已有的地质、地球物理资料,我们推测钦杭成矿带和武夷山成矿带上地壳P波速度的不同,反映了深部岩浆作用过程的差异,基底深度及断裂性质是造成两个成矿带成矿差异的重要因素. 相似文献
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