两种蓝细菌中7对毒素-抗毒素系统的分析和鉴定

蓝细菌(cyanobacteria)是一类能进行放氧光合作用的原核生物。蓝细菌生长速度较快, 几乎存在于所有的陆地和水生环境中。毒素-抗毒素(toxin-antitoxin, TA)系统在原核生物中分布十分广泛, 在细菌的生命活动中扮演了重要的角色, 如维持水平基因转移元件的稳定性以及应对环境胁迫压力等。已有的基因组分析表明, 蓝细菌基因组中含有大量潜在的毒素-抗毒素系统, 但是目前对蓝细菌毒素-抗毒素系统的实验鉴定仍较少。本文分别以淡水和海水代表菌株集胞藻PCC6803(Synechocystis sp. PCC6803)和聚球藻WH7803(Synechococcus sp. WH7803)为研究对象, 对二者基因组上的毒素-抗毒素系统进行预测, 并选取预测结果中的7对潜在的毒素-抗毒素系统进行实验验证。结果表明, 集胞藻PCC6803的两对毒素-抗毒素系统BAD01932-1933 和 BAA18559-New ORF7中的毒素具有明显的细胞毒性。本文的研究结果有助于后续对蓝细菌毒素-抗毒素系统及其生态和生物学功能的研究。     

MARK-ⅢCTD(HP-85)数据采集系统的改进

MARK-ⅢCTD数据采集系统经改进后能与MX-1102卫星定位仪、IBM—PC/XT微机联机,它除了保持原系统的功能外,还能够采集站位水深等数据和记录CTD探头进水过程;采集的数据及时储存在IBM-PC/XT磁盘,采样率达10％;操作简便,克服了采集到HP-85微机内存的数据易丢失和现场测量压力传感器零点难以准确等缺点。IBM-FC/XT的数据供脱机绘“垂直分布图”、“温-盐关系图”和计算十要素“标准层”等预处理采用;数据处理规格化,对发挥该系统性能、标准层处理和数据后处理都比较有效。经多年的应用表明,有推广价值。     

大弹涂鱼(Boleophthalmus pectinirostris) Gal-8L基因序列及其细菌凝集活性的鉴定

半乳糖凝集素-8基因(galectin-8,Gal-8)属于凝集素家族一员。已知Gal-8在哺乳动物的先天免疫中发挥重要作用,然而在鱼类中却鲜有报道。本研究通过转录组测序获得大弹涂鱼(Boleophthalmus pectinirostris)半乳糖凝集素-8样基因(galectin-8 like,Bp Gal-8L)c DNA序列。首先确定其序列特征,其次采用实时定量PCR(real-time quantitative PCR,q PCR)的方法鉴定Bp Gal-8L组织表达分布及其与迟缓爱德华氏菌(Edwardsiella tarda)感染相关性;最后分别通过原核表达获得N端和C端CRD区重组蛋白Bp Gal-8L-N和Bp Gal-8L-C,并采用玻片法观察这两个CRD区的细菌凝集活性和糖类结合特性。多重序列比对显示,Bp Gal-8L蛋白含有两个糖识别结构域(carbohydrate recognition domain,CRD),但只有C端的CRD区存在Gal家族典型的β-半乳糖苷糖类结合基序。系统进化树表明Bp Gal-8L属于鱼类Gal-8的一种亚型。q PCR结果显示,Bp Gal-8L基因m RNA在各组织中普遍表达,并且在迟缓爱德华氏菌感染后大弹涂鱼肝和脾中表达量呈上调趋势。细菌凝集实验结果显示,只有Bp Gal-8L-C重组蛋白对检测的5种革兰氏阴性菌及2种革兰氏阳性菌有凝集作用,并与乳糖和脂多糖特异性结合。综上所述,Bp Gal-8L与大弹涂鱼抗菌免疫密切相关,且其N端和C端CRD区发挥不同作用。     

嫁■消化系统的组织学研究

利用光学显微镜研究了嫁(Cellana toreuma(Reeve))消化系统的组织结构。嫁的消化系统由消化道(口区、食道、嗉囊、胃、肠、直肠、肛门)和消化腺(食道腺、肝胰腺)组成。口中具有齿舌和颚片,分别通过发达的肌肉与软骨相连;食道中部膨大成食道腺;胃和肠非常长。消化道壁由黏膜层、黏膜下层、肌层和外膜构成,黏膜上皮主要为单层柱状上皮细胞,肌层主要为环肌。胃壁和肠壁非常薄,黏膜下层和外膜均不发达。肝胰腺由无数肝小叶组成,每一肝小叶由位于基膜上的单层腺细胞和胚细胞组成。     

The role of diagenesis and depositional facies on pore system evolution in a Triassic outcrop analogue (SE Spain)

This study aims at unravelling the diagenetic history and its effect on the pore system evolution of the Triassic redbeds exposed in SE Spain (TIBEM¹), an outcrop analogue of the TAGI (Trias Argilo-Gréseux Inférieur) reservoir (Berkine-Ghadames Basin, Algeria). Similar climatic, base level and tectonic conditions of aforementioned alluvial formations developed analogue fluvial facies stacking patterns. Furthermore, interplay of similar detrital composition and depositional facies in both formations resulted in analogue early diagenetic features. Petrographic observations indicate lithic subarkosic (floodplain facies) and subarkosic (braidplain facies) compositions which are considered suitable frameworks for potential reservoir rocks. Primary porosity is mainly reduced during early diagenesis through moderate mechanical compaction and formation of K-feldspar overgrowth, gypsum, dolomite and phyllosilicate cements. Early mesodiagenesis is testified by low chemical compaction and quartz cementation. Telodiagenetic calcite filling fractures and K-feldspar dissolution determined the final configuration of analysed sandstones. Mercury injection-capillary pressure technique reveals overbank deposits in the floodplain as the least suitable potential reservoirs because of their lowest open porosity (OP < 16%), permeability (k < 5 mD) and small dimensions. On the other hand, braidplain deposits show the highest values of such properties (OP up to 31.6% and k > 95 mD) and greater thickness and lateral continuity, so being considered the best potential reservoir. The accurate estimation of TIBEM microscale attributes can provide important input for appraisal and enhanced oil recovery performance in TAGI and in others reservoirs consisting on similar fluvial sandy facies.     

A regulation-based classification system for Marine Protected Areas (MPAs)

Marine protected areas (MPAs) are a global conservation and management tool to enhance the resilience of linked social-ecological systems with the aim of conserving biodiversity and providing ecosystem services for sustainable use. However, MPAs implemented worldwide include a large variety of zoning and management schemes from single to multiple-zoning and from no-take to multiple-use areas. The current IUCN categorisation of MPAs is based on management objectives which many times have a significant mismatch to regulations causing a strong uncertainty when evaluating global MPAs effectiveness. A novel global classification system for MPAs based on regulations of uses as an alternative or complementing the current IUCN system of categories is presented. Scores for uses weighted by their potential impact on biodiversity were built. Each zone within a MPA was scored and an MPA index integrates the zone scores. This system classifies MPAs as well as each MPA zone individually, is globally applicable and unambiguously discriminates the impacts of uses.     

The study on a new technology of waterway information system

It is a lot limitations to survey and design waterway by the CAD technique,due to timely variation of hydrology and ecology in the complicated estuary area,such as Changjing River estuary.In this paper,the advantages of GIS technique is applied to manage and process the multi kind,multi scale and multi time hydrographic parameters,including water depth,current velocity,tidal,waves,wind speed,temperature and salinity etc.,also to deal with different projection,different scale charts.Meanwhile,in the paper,combination techniques of GIS and CAD has been developed for unification of the charts for efficient management,two-way automatic carts conversion between GIS and CAD,automatic cutting and assemble of a number of Charts,flight path of the projection of spatial data and coordinate transformation.This new technique has been applied to survey and design waterway of Changing River estuary.The result shows that the combination technology of GIS and CAD has application potentiality in the waterway survey and design.     

(2+1)维 Korteweg-de Vries 方程的传播孤子及混沌行为

利用一个投射方程和变量分离法,得到了(2+1)维 Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) 方程的新显式精确解.根据得到的孤立波解,构造出 KdV 方程的传播孤子结构. 利用一个新的混沌系统研究了孤子的混沌行为.     

Revisiting Peruvian anchovy (Engraulis ringens) trophodynamics provides a new vision of the Humboldt Current system

The Peruvian anchovy or anchoveta (Engraulis ringens) forages on plankton and is a main prey for marine mammals, seabirds, fish, and fishers, and is therefore a key element of the food web in the Humboldt Current system (HCS). Here, we present results from the analysis of 21,203 anchoveta stomach contents sampled during 23 acoustic surveys over the period 1996–2003. Prey items were identified to the genus level, and the relative dietary importance of different prey was assessed by determination of their carbon content. Variability in stomach fullness was examined relative to the diel cycle, the distance from the coast, sea surface temperature, and latitude, using generalized additive models (GAMs). Whereas phytoplankton largely dominated anchoveta diets in terms of numerical abundance and comprised >99% of ingested prey items, the carbon content of prey items indicated that zooplankton was by far the most important dietary component, with euphausiids contributing 67.5% of dietary carbon followed by copepods (26.3%). Stomach fullness data showed that anchoveta feed mainly during daytime between 07h00 and 18h00, although night-time feeding also made a substantial contribution to total food consumption. Stomach fullness also varied with latitude, distance from the coast, and temperature, but with substantial variability indicating a high degree of plasticity in anchoveta feeding behaviour. The results suggest an ecological role for anchoveta that challenges current understanding of its position in the foodweb, the functioning of the HCS, and trophic models of the HCS.     

Seismic stacking pattern of the Faro-Albufeira contourite system (Gulf of Cadiz): a Quaternary record of paleoceanographic and tectonic influences

A Quaternary stratigraphic stacking pattern on the Faro-Albufeira drift system has been determined by analysing a dense network of high-resolution single-channel seismic reflection profiles. In the northern sector of the system an upslope migrating depositional sequence (elongate separated mounded drift) parallel to the margin has been observed associated with a flanking boundary channel (Alvarez Cabral moat) that depicts the zone of Mediterranean Outflow Water (MOW) acceleration and/or focussing. A consequent erosion along the right hand border and deposition on the left hand flank is produced in this sector. The sheeted aggrading drift is the basinward prolongation of the elongate separated mounded drift, and developed where the MOW is more widely spread out. The overall sheeted contourite system is separated into two sectors due to the Diego Cao deep. This is a recent erosional deep that has steep erosional walls cut into Quaternary sediments. Two major high-order depositional sequences have been recognised in the Quaternary sedimentary record, Q-I and Q-II, composed of eight minor high-order depositional sequences (from A to H). The same trend in every major and minor depositional sequence is observed, especially in the elongate mounded drift within Q-II formed of: A) Transparent units at the base; B) Smooth, parallel reflectors of moderate-high amplitude units in the upper part; and C) An erosional continuous surface of high amplitude on the top of reflective units. This cyclicity in the acoustic response most likely represents cyclic lithological changes showing coarsening- upward sequences. A total of ten minor units has been distinguished within Q-II where the more representative facies in volume are always the more reflective and are prograding upslope with respect to the transparent ones. There is an important change in the overall architectural stacking of the mounded contourite deposits from a more aggrading depositional sequence (Q-I) to a clear progradational body (Q-II). We suggest that Q-I and Q-II constitute high-order depositional sequences related to a 3rd-order cycle at 800 ky separated by the most prominent sea-level fall at the Mid Pleistocene Revolution (MPR), 900–920 ky ago. In more detail the major high-order depositional sequences (from A to H) can be associated with asymmetric 4th-order climatic and sea-level cycles. In the middle slope, the contourite system has a syn-tectonic development with diapiric intrusions and the Guadalquivir Bank uplift. This syn-tectonic evolution affected the overall southern sheeted drift from the A to F depositional sequences, but G and H are not affected. These last two depositional sequences are less affected by these structures with an aggrading stacking pattern that overlaps the older depositional sequences of the Guadalquivir Bank uplift and diapiric intrusions.     

Physiography and deposition on a distal deep-sea system: The Valencia Fan (Northwestern Mediterranean)

The Valencia Fan developed as the distal fill of a deep-sea valley, detached from the continental slope and the main sedimentary source. A survey of side-scan sonar, Sea Beam and reflection seismics shows that the sediment is largely fed through the Valencia Valley. The upper fan comprises large channels with low-relief levees, and the middle fan has sinuous distributary channels. Depositional bedforms predominate on the valley floor and levees, and erosional bedforms are common in the valley walls. A change to slope on the fan apex and the presence of volcanoes on the upper fan are the main factors influencing fan-growth pattern.     

拖曳式多参数剖面测量系统水动力与控制性能研究述评

综述了拖曳式多参数剖面测量系统水动力学研究的最新进展。对拖曳缆绳、拖曳体以及将两者耦合起来所构成的整个系统水动力及控制理论进行述评,分析了各种理论的优缺点从中简要地描述了拖曳式多参数剖面测量系统水动力研究的发展概要。     

温盐深测量仪(CTD)资料质量对比分析

温盐深测量仪(CTD)是目前国际上应用最为广泛的物理海洋调查仪器设备之一。2014年中国科学院海洋研究所在黄海布放的潜标上搭载了三种不同型号的CTD(37Coastal、CTD48和304Plus),本文对这三种CTD所获取的数据资料分别进行了对比分析。三者数据两两对比结果显示,37Coastal与CTD48压力以及温度数据最为接近,盐度数据则为37Coastal与304Plus相差最小。三种设备的压力、温度以及电导率数据稳定性对比结果如下, 37Coastal压力数据稳定性表现最好;其温度数据稳定性三者表现一致;而盐度数据稳定性则是37Coastal和CTD48一致。