一种基于DSP和FPGA的低频时码接收机设计

介绍了一种基于数字信号处理器(DSP)和现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)的低频时码接收机的硬件组成,描述了该接收机系统实现时间同步的方法,阐述了DSP和FP-GA的软件设计,给出了测试和仿真结果。该设计方案具有精度高、可靠性强、扩展性好等优点。     

毫秒级无间隙采样技术

本文简要介绍了一种快速连续采样技术。运用这种技术可使快速记录系统获得毫秒级的、完整的快速活动信息。     

相干消色散脉冲星观测系统的研究

云南天文台射电天文研究团组利用从美国伯克利大学CASPER天文信号与电子学研究中心购买的现场可编程门阵列(Field-Programmable Gate Array,FPGA)接收机平台ROACH2,实现了512 MHz输入带宽,512 MHz带宽分为128通道输出(每个通道4 M带宽),8比特采样和双极化输入(1 024 MHz)的基带数据采集终端。海量数据传输方式通过SFP+万兆网口实现,利用编写的脚本文件调用DSPSR程序包实现数据的解码、相干消色散、偏振计算和折叠等处理。数据处理结果以PSRFITS格式存储。构建以ROACH2为基带数据采集终端和DSPSR为数据处理核心的脉冲星观测系统,相比于以VLBI观测终端为基础构建的观测系统,在观测模式、数据处理方法、运算效率和观测数据的通用性等方面具有更好的优越性。     

21厘米快速记录及时间同步系统

本文简要介绍一个新的21厘米射电天文快速记录及时间同步系统,该系统的时间同步精度优于10μS;并能做到每毫秒一次的连续采样;还实现了多程序分时并行。     

太阳射电30~65MHz波段模拟接收机的研制

10 m波段的太阳射电观测,对监测日冕物质抛射(Coronal Mass Ejection,CME)有着重要的意义。介绍了一种安装在太阳射电天线阵的模拟接收机,工作频率范围是30~65 MHz,用于监测太阳10 m波的爆发活动。接收机采用直接采样的结构,由巴伦、滤波器和放大器组成。研制完成的接收机,增益达到60 d B,动态范围约33 d B,输入三阶互调点IIP3=-24 d Bm,噪声系数N=4.3 d B,满足观测要求。最后,计算了太阳射电天线阵的最小可测流量密度。     

点频式太阳射电高时间分辨率同步观测系统的建立

由波长7.7cm、10。6cm和21。1cm三台有秒级和毫秒级双通道接收机的射电望远镜为前端,一台八位微型计算机(YEE8100)及其接口、辅助功能电路等为后端,构成一个多通道快速数据采集系统,进行实时同步观测。     

基于UTC（NTSC）的GPS定时接收机时延测量

GPS提供了一种精密定时的方法,但接收机绝对时延的测量是一个难题,现有的测量方法成本高且难以操作,因而提出了一种GPS定时接收机时延测量的简单方法。这种方法根据国家授时中心保持的时间尺度UTC（NTSC）与GPS定时接收机输出的秒脉冲信号（1PPS）的比对结果,利用UTC（NTSC）的国际比对数据以及UTC与GPST的时差数据,可以测量GPS定时接收机时延,该方法简单易行。最后,对这种方法的测量误差进行了分析。     

相控阵馈源MVDR波束合成器缓解RFI仿真

相控阵馈源(Phased array feeds, PAFs)接收机作为下一代微波接收机, 为大口径射电天文望远镜的射电干扰(Radio Frequency Interference, RFI)缓解工作带来了新的解决方法. PAFs接收机对射电望远镜焦平面的电磁波进行空域采样, 返回时域阵列信号, 使用最小方差无失真响应(Minimum Variance Distortionless Response, MVDR)波束合成器可以自适应地识别RFI的方向, 同时抑制RFI在输出信号中的功率, 从而达到提升射电望远镜灵敏度的效果. 仿真结果表明MVDR波束合成器对有源高能量的射电干扰有很强的识别能力和一定程度的缓解能力, 同时, 该波束合成器对各阵元信道中加性噪声累积引起的无源干扰有很强的抑制能力, 因此, PAFs接收机的MVDR波束合成器可以增强日益复杂电磁波环境下射电望远镜的抗干扰能力.     

相控阵馈源MVDR波束合成器缓解RFI仿真

相控阵馈源(Phased array feeds, PAFs)接收机作为下一代微波接收机,为大口径射电天文望远镜的射电干扰(Radio Frequency Interference, RFI)缓解工作带来了新的解决方法. PAFs接收机对射电望远镜焦平面的电磁波进行空域采样,返回时域阵列信号,使用最小方差无失真响应(Minimum Variance Distortionless Response, MVDR)波束合成器可以自适应地识别RFI的方向,同时抑制RFI在输出信号中的功率,从而达到提升射电望远镜灵敏度的效果.仿真结果表明MVDR波束合成器对有源高能量的射电干扰有很强的识别能力和一定程度的缓解能力,同时,该波束合成器对各阵元信道中加性噪声累积引起的无源干扰有很强的抑制能力,因此, PAFs接收机的MVDR波束合成器可以增强日益复杂电磁波环境下射电望远镜的抗干扰能力.     

FAST 19波束脉冲星漂移扫描巡天模拟

脉冲星搜索是500 m口径球面射电望远镜(Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope,FAST)的主要科学目标之一。针对FAST设备性能,模拟FAST脉冲星巡天,优化巡天方案,对即将开展的FAST脉冲星巡天项目具有重要的实用价值。基于Parkes多波束巡天、Parkes中纬度巡天和Parkes高纬度巡天的结果,利用脉冲星分布模拟软件包PsrPopPy,模拟得到了银河系中正常脉冲星和毫秒脉冲星的空间分布样本,并根据FAST设备参数进行了虚拟观测。结果表明,使用FAST 19波束接收机漂移扫描观测模式,在中心频率为1250MHz,带宽为400 MHz,每波束扫描时间为13.5 s,有效积分时间为6.0 s的情况下,在赤纬为-14~?12′～65~?48′天区内,可发现1600颗正常脉冲星和238颗毫秒脉冲星。为获得银河系中脉冲星自旋演化的样本,使用evolve代码进行了再次模拟。设置相同的观测参数的情况下,在全天范围内模拟探测到孤立正常脉冲星1749颗,并得到其在P-P图上的分布。     

应用于数字下变频中CORDIC算法的FPGA实现

正余弦信号在GNSS接收终端的数字下变频中有着重要的应用,CORDIC算法是实现正余弦信号的最重要方法。立足于DDS与CORDIC算法的基本原理,针对CORDIC算法实现主要存在的3个问题,结合变象限法、流水线技术及相幅量化数据格式,在FPGA上通过实现CORDIC算法可在一个时钟周期内计算出正余弦信号幅值。仿真结果表明：与传统CORDIC算法实现相比,本文实现的正余弦信号精度高且速度快,并能满足GNSS接收终端数字下变频对正余弦信号的需求。     

Digital complex correlator for a C-band polarimetry survey

The international Galactic Emission Mapping project aims to map and characterize the polarization field of the Milky Way. In Portugal it will map the sky polarized emission of the Northern Hemisphere in C-band and provide templates for map calibration and foreground control of microwave space data to be provided by ESA Planck Surveyor mission and later missions. The receiver system is equipped with a novel receiver with a full digital back-end using a low-cost Field Programmable Gate Array without compromising its performance relation. This new digital backend comprises a base-band complex cross-correlator outputting the four Stokes parameters of the incoming polarized radiation. In this document we describe the design and implementation of the complex correlator using the FPGA and the dedicated digitizers at each receiver arm, detailing the method applied at the several algorithm stages. This correlator is suitable for large sky area polarization continuum surveys.     

Interferometric phase velocity measurements in the auroral electrojet

A double-probe electric field detector and two spatially separated fixed-bias Langmuir probes were flown on a Taurus-Tomahawk sounding rocket launched from Poker Flat Research Range in March 1982. Interesting wave data have been obtained from about 10s of the downleg portion of the flight during which the rocket passed through the auroral electrojet. Here the electric field receiver and both density fluctuation (δn/n) receivers responded to a broad band of turbulence centered at 105 km altitude and at frequencies generally below 4 kHz. Closer examination of the two (δn/n) turbulent waveforms reveals that they are correlated, and from the phase difference between the two signals, the phase velocity of the waves in the rocket reference frame is inferred. The magnitude and direction of the observed phase velocity are consistent either with waves which travel at the ion sound speed (C_s) or with waves which travel at the electron drift velocity. The observed phase velocity varies by about 50% over a 5 km altitude range—an effect which probably results from shear in the zonal neutral wind, although unfortunately no simultaneous neutral wind measurements exist to confirm this.     

一种固定选图数的实时幸运成像算法

幸运成像技术是一种从大量短曝光图像中选取少量幸运好图进行配准、叠加的高分辨率图像恢复技术,能够有效减小大气湍流对图像质量的影响,但传统的基于中央处理器(Central Processing Unit,CPU)的幸运成像算法难以实现实时化.利用现场可编程门阵列(Field Programmable Gate Array,...     

Mark5B格式器及10G网络传输系统在VLBI中的应用

由于遥远的天体发出的无线电信号极其微弱,信噪比极低,VLBI系统要想得到较高的测量精度,必须尽量加大测量带宽和提高采样位数,但是这样会导致VLBI终端(比如数字基带转换器)产生的观测数据激增。传统的VLBI终端数据传输系统采用VSI接口,数据最高传输速率限制在2 Gbps,且数据记录设备必须采用定制的Mark5B设备,极其不灵活,因此已经不能适应现在VLBI系统的观测需求。为了提高数据传输速率,增加数据记录设备的灵活性,上海天文台新研制的基于多相滤波器组和快速傅里叶变换方式的数字基带转换器的数据传输系统采用了高速灵活的10 G网络接口。10 G网络系统中数据传输采用报文交换方式,因此数据到达接收端的时间不是精确可靠的,这要求数据在进入10 G网络接口之前必须已经具有标准的VLBI数据格式,所以在10 G网络前端设计了Mark5B格式器。详细介绍了基于现场可编程门阵列的Mark5B格式器及10 G网络传输系统的设计原理,并在文章的最后通过三组实验验证了其功能的正确性和性能的稳定性。     

Orbit and spin evolution of synchronous binary stars on the main sequence(a theoretical improvement to the analytical method)

This paper provides a method to study the solution of equations for synchronous binary stars with large eccentricity on the main sequence.The theoretical results show that the evolution of the eccentricity is linear with time or follows an exponential form,and the semi-major axis and spin vary with time in an exponential form that are different from the results given in a previous paper.The improved method is applicable in both cases of large eccentricity and small eccentricity.In addition,the number of terms in the expansion of a series with small eccentricity is very long due to the series converging slowly.The advantage of this method is that it is applicable to cases with large eccentricity due to the series converging quickly.This paper chooses the synchronous binary star V1143 Cyg that is on the main sequence and has a large eccentricity(e = 0.54) as an example calculation and gives the numerical results.Lastly,the evolutionary tendency including the evolution of orbit and spin,the time for the speed up of spin,the circularization time,the orbital collapse time and the life time are given in the discussion and conclusion.The results shown in this paper are an improvement on those from the previous paper.     

Solar Wind Electron Parameters from Ulysses/URAP Quasi-Thermal Noise Measurements at Solar Maximum

We present the solar wind plasma parameters obtained from the Ulysses spacecraft during its second pole-to-pole fast latitude scan near the 2001 solar maximum. We study the solar wind properties from the electron density and core temperature measurements made by the radio receiver on Ulysses using the method of quasi-thermal noise spectroscopy. We analyze these parameters as functions of heliographic latitude and distance. We present their histograms normalized to 1 AU and find a bimodal distribution for the electron core temperature. The cooler population can be associated with the fast wind flow emanating from coronal holes present at various latitudes. We discuss a slight north/south asymmetry found for the electron density. Finally, we compare the present results to those obtained during the 1996 solar minimum and 1991 solar maximum.     

Experiment on Obtaining Mercury's Images by the Short Exposure Method

December 1–3, 1999, observations of the planet Mercury were carried out at the Abastumani Astrophysical Observatory of the Republic of Georgia by the short exposure method with the aid of a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera. The materials of these observations are presented in this paper. It is shown that the reduction of the exposure down to 10 ms eliminates the image blurring caused by the atmospheric instability and considerably improves resolution. As regards the image distortions, they can be eliminated only by selecting acceptable images from a sufficiently large number of pictures obtained. The short exposure method allows one to obtain new results from the ground-based observations of Mercury.     

Rapid mapping of the sky at 240 MHz using the antennas of the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope

In this paper we describe a method for measuring the effective receiver temperature T _erc and its variation for the entire receiver chain of a radio telescope, and use it to make a radio-continuum map of the sky at 240 MHz using the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT). We also show that in the case of GMRT, T _erc varies mainly with elevation and ambient temperature. The calibration techniques evolved here are applicable to similar interferometers with a large number of antennas, several frequency bands and a number of receiver systems at room temperature (where conventional methods are time-consuming). This method ideally requires just one complete day of observations in a frequency band.