真空预压法加固吹填土的模型箱试验

大连大窑湾三期工程所处理的土体为含水率＞ 120% 的超软土。为研究超软土的处理方法,采用袋装沙井、滤膜等效孔径80 ～ 100 μm 和孔径＜ 75 μm 的3 种排水体,0. 4 m 及0. 8 m 的2 种排水间距,共计6 个试验箱进行真空预压法试验研究。通过对表面沉降形态进行沉降优化计算,采用3 种模型进行沉降预测,结合监测与计算结果,认为排水体间距为0. 4 m、等效孔径≤75 μm 的国产B 型排水板效果最佳。     

内蒙古巴彦敖包二叠纪放射虫化石的发现

在内蒙古中部达尔罕茂明安联合旗北西靠近国境线的巴彦敖包地区硅质岩中首次发现早二叠世晚期—中二叠世早期的放射虫化石,放射虫化石包括4个属的6个比较种和若干个未定种:Pseudoalbaillella cf.lomentaria,P.cf.rhombothoracata,P.cf.scalprata,P.cf.longicornis,Latentifistula cf.patagilaterala,Ruzhencevisponguscf.uralicus,Stigmosphaerostylus sp.等。该区系索伦山蛇绿构造混杂岩带的东延部分,该动物群的发现提供了索伦山蛇绿构造混杂岩带最终混杂堆积的时间为中二叠世早期的证据。     

“嫦娥一号”第一幅月面遥感影像撞击坑特征

撞击坑是月表的主要地貌形态,按普通碗状型、中心隆起型、平底型及同心圆型4种类型描述"第一幅月面图像"上月表撞击坑的形态特征.应用遥感专业图像处理软件,结合白赛尔大地主题反算法,实现撞击坑分布及直径信息提取.研究发现,研究区域的撞击坑直径主要集中在300～700 m.而且撞击坑空间分布不均匀,直径越小,分布越密集.     

黄河源区冰楔假型群的发育及其古气候意义*

在黄河源区两岸的第二级阶地砂砾层和基座中发现了两种不同形态的冰楔假型群。一种是发育在阶地砂砾石层的冰楔假型,其特点宽而浅,底部边界呈圆滑锅状,深约0.5~0.9m,宽0.8~1.4m;另一种是发育在第二级阶地基座的基岩中,以窄深倒三角状为特点,其底部尖锐,深约0.7~2.0m,宽为0.3~1.0m。前者形成于全新世中期(5.69±0.43kaB.P.,5.43±0.41kaB.P.),后者形成于末次冰期的冰消期(13.49±1.43kaB.P.)。另外,还在洪积的砂砾石层中发现了规模较大的冻融褶皱(宽3~4m),其时代晚于39.83±3.84kaB.P.,也是末次冰期的产物。根据冰楔假型的对比研究,在全新世的中期(约5.5kaB.P.前后)和冰消期,黄河源区的降温幅度达6~7℃。尤其值得注意的是全新世中期的冰楔假型形成,表明了大暖期气温的不稳定性。     

乌鲁木齐河源区不同海拔的火绒草叶片结构特征的比较研究

采用PEG和Epon-812二次包埋方法, 利用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对乌鲁木齐河源区海拔4 000 m、 3 400 m、 2 500 m三种不同高度的火绒草(Leontopodium leontopodiodes(Willd.) Beauv.)叶片剖面及表面结构进行了观察. 结果表明: 火绒草叶片既具有中生植物又兼有旱生和湿生植物的部分结构特征; 其叶片厚度、表皮细胞外壁角质层表面、外角质层蜡质分泌物的有无、表皮细胞形状、气孔器分布特征、保卫细胞极区"T"型角质加厚程度、气孔开口(长/宽)、气孔密度、维管束形态、 CTR值、叶肉细胞叶绿体含量等性状特征,在不同海拔的火绒草间呈现出明显差异; 而表皮的气孔水平位置类型、毛状附属器等性状则差异较小. 数值分析火绒草叶结构各类性状以及不同性状状态的组合, 显示出个体形态的多样性及其对高山环境和海拔高度的适宜性特征.     

新疆伊宁克孜勒赛黄土滑坡堵溃型泥石流成灾模式

2017年4月2日凌晨,新疆伊宁县喀拉亚尕奇乡境内由于持续降雨,诱发黄土滑坡堵溃型泥石流灾害,造成直接经济损失50余万元。本文在查明滑坡堵溃型泥石流形成条件、成灾模式基础上,分析了克孜勒赛沟泥石流静力学和运动特征,得出如下结论:(1)此次滑坡堵溃型泥石流成灾模式为:持续降雨→黄土斜坡变形破坏→滑坡滑入沟道形成堰塞坝→堰塞坝溃决形成泥石流;(2) 3#、4#、5#、6#和7#滑坡堰塞坝溃决洪峰流量分别为5. 4 m3/s、10. 1 m3/s、49. 5 m3/s和30. 3 m3/s;(3)泥石流断面流速为1. 88～3. 50 m/s,断面流量为4. 51～41. 39 m3/s,泥石流堆积扇最大长度263. 1m,最大宽度212. 6 m。调查研究结论对克孜勒赛沟滑坡堵溃型泥石流的防治具有现实意义,并提出了针对性的防灾减灾建议。 更多还原     

基于钻屑法的冲击地压危险性检测研究

为得出耿村煤矿13210回采工作面冲击地压危险性指标,对该工作面进行了钻屑法研究,研究发现根据现场测试的大量数据绘制的钻屑量曲线图可分为3种类型,分别为“孔底升高型”、“多峰型”、“单峰型”,使用3种钻屑量曲线图,可以排除误差数据,确定有效数据.根据筛选的有效数据,得出当最大钻屑量为2.5 ～3.0kg/m,峰值位置距离煤壁距离为6 ～8m时有冲击地压危险性,但无严重冲击地压危险,对于今后冲击地压危险性的检测起到了重要作用.     

祁连山小冰期冰碛垄差分GPS测量及其地貌意义

小冰期冰碛垄形态特征受到众多因素的影响,采用后差分GPS测量方法对祁连山东段、中段共6条冰川的小冰期冰碛垄形态进行了实地测量与研究,其中3条冰川朝北,3条冰川朝南,得到了关于小冰期冰碛垄有关面积、表面积、体积等较详细的参数.结果表明:祁连山小冰期冰碛垄的规模具有从东到西逐渐减小的趋势,最东段冷龙岭7号冰川小冰期冰碛垄规模最大,面积为11.4×105m2,表面积为13.8×105m2,体积为11.8×107m3;规模最小的为最西边的团结峰3号冰川小冰期冰碛垄,其面积为1.9×105m2,表面积为2.67×105m2,体积为1.36×107m3.祁连山地区而言,区域气候差异很可能是造成小冰期冰碛垄规模差异的主要因素.     

青藏高原不同高程喀斯特地貌类型和发育特征

青藏高原地区喀斯特地貌发育较为普遍.通过查阅文献资料和系统性的研究总结,明确了不同高程下喀斯特地貌类型、发育特征均存在明显的差异.极高海拔地区（≥5 000 m）喀斯特地貌可分为隆起构造山原、内陆湖盆地、内陆湖洼、内陆山原、高山冰川深谷、山原基岩型,风化剥蚀作用较强,形成较多的残留峰丛、石柱、洼地等;高海拔区（3 500～5 000 m）喀斯特地貌可分为喀斯特高山深谷型、喀斯特中高山湖泊、高山冰川深谷、隆起构造山原、内陆湖盆地、内陆湖洼型,构造-溶蚀作用强,主要发育大型宏观的峰林、峰丛洼地、溶洞、漏斗等;中海拔区（1 000～3 500 m）喀斯特地貌可以分为喀斯特高山深谷型、喀斯特中高山湖泊、山原蚀余峰丘、山原峰丘湖泊、内陆湖洼、喀斯特海岸型,构造-侵蚀作用较强,风化剥蚀相对较弱,喀斯特形态得以基本保存,主要发育微小型峰丛洼地、溶孔、溶痕和溶隙等.     

塔里木盆地库鲁克塔格奥陶系牙形石色变指标与有机质成熟度的关系

应用牙形石色变指标(CAI)对塔里木盆地孔雀河斜坡东北段南雅尔当山剖面奥陶系有机质成熟度进行了研究,得出的结果是南雅尔当山却尔却克组产出的牙形石色变指标CAI值为2~2.5,有机质处于成熟阶段.综合研究认为,本区奥陶系烃源岩在中奥陶世逐渐进入生烃门限并快速成熟;在奥陶纪末达到经历的最大古地温,顶部为80℃,底部为180℃,之后遭受抬升剥蚀,区域剥蚀量在2 300 m左右.本区奥陶系烃源岩存在3种生烃类型:第Ⅰ种为南雅尔当山型,为非有效烃源岩;第Ⅱ种为群克1井部分生烃型,奥陶纪末抬升剥蚀后埋深在2 500 m以上的烃源岩(Ⅱ-1型)停止生烃,埋深在2 500 m以下的烃源岩(Ⅱ-2型)持续生烃;第Ⅲ种为二次生烃型,当中新生代的快速沉积使Ⅱ-1型烃源岩顶部埋深达到3 200 m时,相同层位的烃源岩达到经历的最大古地温,开始二次生烃,生烃潜力最大.     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

正~~     

GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861