遥感影像局部兴趣目标的可逆信息隐藏算法

提出了一种适用于遥感影像局部兴趣目标授权使用的可逆信息隐藏算法。提取遥感影像上的局部兴趣目标作为待隐藏的信息,并在原始图像上对该目标进行变形处理,然后利用可逆整数线性变换实现待隐藏信息的调制嵌入,授权用户能够完全无损重建原始遥感影像。算法为盲算法,具有较大的嵌入容量,含隐藏信息图像的峰值信噪比较高,并且可以有效抵抗剪切及椒盐噪声等攻击。     

Fourier频率域随机谱隐秘信息加载与增量补偿系统

提出一种基于光学原理的Fourier频率域随机谱隐秘信息加载与增量补偿系统,并给出一种隐秘信息的加载方式,可实现光学图像信息隐藏.宿主图像经过随机相位调制后进行Fourier变换得到频率域的随机谱,在此随机谱上加载隐秘信息,同时,系统对由隐秘信息的加入所产生的影响进行补偿.利用该系统所得到的载体图像未经正确的密钥-随机相位-调制时,隐秘信息将弥散在载体图像的Fourier频率域空间,具有较好的不可检测性.此外,即使攻击者知道隐秘信息的存在甚至知道隐藏方法,但在不知道密钥的情况下,依然无法破解隐秘信息的内容     

水下图像目标检测研究综述

在海洋开发的环境下,水下物体探测技术得到广泛应用,随着水下机器人与计算机技术的发展,该技术越来越受到研究人员的重视。根据当前的水下图像目标检测研究进展,简要介绍水下图像目标检测流程（即图像采集、图像的预处理、以及图像检测的方法）,对总结发展现状、发现技术的不足及挖掘未来的研究方向有重要意义。针对基于光学图像的水下目标识别问题,论述了图像采集、图像的预处理、以及图像检测等方面的主要进展,阐述了基于深度学习实现水下图像目标识别的技术发展现状。通过对水下目标处理过程的讨论和分析,指出水下图像目标识别领域中需要解决的问题,并预测该领域技术发展趋势。     

基于声呐图像的水下目标识别研究综述

水下目标识别是水下无人探测的一项核心技术,在军事和民用领域都有重要的应用。根据当前的水下目标识别研究进展,全面阐述基于声呐图像的水下目标识别原理和方法,对总结研究现状、发现存在的问题以及挖掘潜在的研究方向具有积极意义。针对基于声呐图像的水下目标识别问题,论述了图像去噪、图像分割以及水下目标识别等方面的主要进展,阐述了基于深度学习实现声呐图像目标识别的最新技术发展现状。通过对水下目标处理过程的讨论和分析,指出基于声呐图像的水下目标识别算法中亟需解决的关键科学问题及可能的解决思路,并对该领域的未来发展方向做了进一步的展望。     

水下信息感知系统及其关键技术

水下信息感知是指水下系统通过声、光、磁、电等传感器接收海洋环境和目标信号,经过信号处理,获得海洋环境和目标特征信息的过程。由于声波能在海洋中远距离传播,水下声场信息感知受到格外重视。水下信息感知的最终目的是发展大范围海洋水下监测系统,通过信息感知,掌握海洋环境变化的规律, 建设透明海洋,为人类开发利用海洋服务。     

基于船载雷达图像的海上船只检测方法

随着雷达成像技术和高分辨率光栅显示技术的发展和应用,基于船载雷达图像的船只检测成为可能.海上船只检测的主要困难之一是雷达图像中包含固有的海面背景杂波.传统的雷达船只检测方法,如恒虚警率法(CFAR),以杂波分布模型为基础,计算待检测窗口中的信号统计分布来确定自适应阈值,取得了一些成果.但是,当海面背景杂波和船只目标的回波强度在同一数量级,甚至船只目标淹没在海面背景杂波中时,就难以确定一个有效的阈值将船只目标从雷达图像中提取出来.在分析海面背景杂波和船只目标的相关差异性基础上,提出了一种基于船载雷达序列图像的海上船只快速检测方法.该方法首先对相邻两幅图像进行互相关性分析,在两幅图像中的同一位置提取一定尺寸的移动窗口,计算其互相关函数值,窗口移动一个步长,重复操作直至遍布整幅图像,形成一幅由灰度图像互相关函数值组成的相关图像.然后使用概率神经网络模型(PNN模型)来估计相关图像背景杂波的灰度概率密度分布函数(PDF),应用CFAR技术,使用二分法求解一个区分船只和背景噪声的自适应整体阈值,并根据阈值将相关图像二值化,其中大于阈值的像元作为候选的船只目标信息,小于阈值的像元则为海面背景杂波.最后使用连通性8-邻域准则统计各个候选船只目标区域的像元数,并与预先定义的最小船只目标像元数进行比较,偏小的候选船只目标区域作为虚警去除,保留下来的候选船只目标区域即为船只检测结果.研究显示,如果图像序列中没有船只目标信息,则三维相关图像比较平整.相反,如果图像序列中含有船只目标信息,则三维相关图像上有峰值被检测出,通过测量峰值的高度,就能判断存在可能的船只目标.运用X波段船载雷达序列图像对本文提出的海上船只检测方法进行了测试.测试结果表明,该检测方法具有很好的船只检测效果,得到的船只检测结果与目视判别的结果一致.而且该检测算法原理简单,计算速度快,易于实时处理,具有广阔的应用前景.     

智能船舶航行场景复杂度感知方法研究

为了解决智能船舶测试场景构建中的长尾问题并提高其测试效率,提出一种基于视觉图像的航行场景复杂度感知方法。本文从图像纹理特征分析出发,构建航行场景复杂度与特征指标之间的数学模型。首先,采用灰度共生矩阵对待测试图像信息进行特征提取,并利用能量、熵、对比度、逆差矩和相关性等多个参数组成特征向量。接着,提出利用集成学习AdaBoost网络模型进行船舶航行场景复杂度感知,即利用大量的图片对所提模型进行训练和学习,获得场景复杂度与各指标之间的非线性数据感知模型。通过在不同数据集上的不同方法进行对比,实验结果表明该感知模型能够真实的反应船舶航行场景的复杂程度,获得结果与人类视觉感知的结果基本一致,其对智能船舶自主航行场景设计与构建都具有的参考价值。     

深度学习在水声目标识别中的应用研究

水声目标识别技术是水声信号处理的重要组成部分,是水声信息获取与水声信息对抗的重要技术支撑。针对水声目标识别时探测数据量大、自动化程度不高、识别效率低下等问题,研究了深度学习在水声目标识别中的应用。首先,介绍了水声目标识别技术的研究现状及当前形势下面临的挑战。然后,对深度学习的网络结构原理及改进型进行了分析,并分别对深度学习在水声声信号识别领域和水声图像信号识别领域的应用现状做了阐述。最后,指出了由于受当前技术条件和水下复杂环境的制约,此方法尚且存在着不足之处。该方法为进一步优化深度学习算法、拓展深度学习技术应用范畴、提升水声目标识别效率提供了参考。     

星载SAR图像在海底地形探测中的应用

利用遥感手段尤其是SAR图像获取海底地形信息是海洋测绘一个重要的研究领域，本文通过从图像使用的问题入手，对SAR图像探测海底地形的相关技术问题进行了分析，以期对今后此类工作有所参考借鉴。     

滨海湿地稀疏采样重构高光谱图像分类精度评价

高光谱遥感影像维数高、数据量大、波段之间的相关性强,分类时易出现"Hughes"现象,因此在分类过程中如何有效减小数据处理过程中的计算量,又保证原始数据重要的地物信息不丢失具有重要的意义。压缩感知理论可通过远低于耐奎斯特的采样率和少量观测数据实现信号的精确重构,具有对硬件读写要求低、图像恢复效果好等优势。通过利用基于小波变换的压缩感知算法对黄河口地区的高光谱影像进行图像重构,然后分别采用SVM算法、最大似然法以及神经网络分类法对重构后的影像进行分类,并对分类结果的精度分别从空域和小波域、不同的测量值等维度进行了分析和比较。结果表明:(1)压缩感知理论重构后的影像保留了原始影像的基本信息,保证了分类精度;(2)SVM算法的分类精度最好,空域和小波域的分类精度基本一致;(3)分类精度随测量值的增加先逐渐提高,然后趋于稳定。     

Microbial Biomass and Organic Nutrients in the Deep-Sea Sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin

In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance.     

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中桩周土强度弱化研究

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。     

Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification

An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm.     

Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans

A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level.     

Deep-Sea Sediment Compression Curves: Some Controlling Factors, Spurious Overconsolidation, Predictions, and Geophysical Reproduction

Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations.     

INFORMATION FOR AUTHORS

<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology,     

Estimation of Sediment Properties during Benthic Impact Experiments

Sediment properties, such as water content and density, have been used to estimate the dry and wet weights, as well as the volume of sediment recovered and discharged, during benthic impact experiments conducted in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The estimates show that the weights of dry (355-1332 t) and wet sediment (1651-4888 t) recovered during the experiments, are not only a function of the total duration and distance covered during the experiment, but also depend on water content and density of the sediment. Estimation of dry sediment and its volumetric ratio in the discharge, are key parameters for calculating the discharged volume. The estimated volume of wet sediment recovered (1427-4049 m 3 ) as well as discharged (2693-6951 m 3 ) during the experiments, provide important inputs to evaluate the sediment resettlement and migration. Using these estimates, the average depth of excavation on the seafloor, can also been calculated. However, the stages of sediment recovery and discharge are expressed differently in some of the experiments. In order to standardize these, different stages have been identified, and definitions of certain terms have been suggested, for use in the future. The methods of calculating different properties, as well as weight and volume of discharged sediment are described in the paper for use in other applications concerning deep-sea discharges.