20世纪80年代以来黑龙江气候变暖的初步分析

利用观测资料,分析了黑龙江120年以来气候变暖的特征.研究指出,20世纪80年代以来,全球气候变暖已成为人们关注的焦点,黑龙江地处中高纬气温明显变暖,近120年来年平均气温上升1.4℃;冬春季升幅最大为1.8℃,气温突变在1990年前后.从年、季平均气温变化趋势与全国及北半球、全球气温变化的比较得出,年、冬季我国增暖中心在黑龙江,春季在内蒙古北部及黑龙江,夏秋增暖不明显,但仍有上升趋势.20世纪50～70年代黑龙江及全国各大区域普遍增暖不明显,80年代黑龙江增暖幅度开始增大,三北(东北、华北、西北)地区次之.90年代黑龙江增暖更加显著,而全国及其他区域上升已达到80年代北方增温幅度.研究还指出黑龙江气温与北半球、全球气温变化趋势基本一致,尤其80年代至今气温都有显著的上升.     

气候变暖与天津粮食生产的关系

分析了近60年（1932—1989）天津气温与降水的变化，指出天津的增暖与北半球的增暖相当一致，冬季最明显；在80年代全球增暖期，天津夏季降水减少，春季与初夏降水增多；从气温和降水演变的周期性及全球增暖的背景分析，华北未来10年仍将持续温暖而干旱的气候。气候变暖对天津地区小麦和玉米的增产有利，而干旱使水稻的增产受到限制，夏季的增温与干旱对大豆增产不利。     

黑龙江气候变暖的时空变化特征

进入80年代以来，黑龙江气温明显变暖，近120年来年平均气温上升1.4℃，春季次之，气温突变在1990年前后，从年、各季平均气温变化趋势与全国北半球及全球气温变化进行比较，年及冬季我国增暖中心在黑龙江，春季增暖中心在内蒙古北部及黑龙江省；夏秋增暖不明显，但仍有上升趋势，近50年来，50～70年代黑龙江省及全国各大区域普遍增暖不明显，80年代开始黑龙江省增暖明显，三北地区次之，90年代黑龙江增暖更加明显，而全国及其他区域上升已达到80年代北方增温幅度，这里从黑龙江变暖的事实，突变时间，与全球、北半球、全国区域的气温及雪盖海温变化关系来揭示黑龙江气候变化的时空特点。     

贵州玉屏四季气候季节的划分及特征分析

利用玉屏国家地面气象观测站1961—2016年逐日平均气温资料,采用《气候季节划分》(QX/T15—2012)方法,对玉屏县四季起始日期及长度进行分析。结果表明:(1)玉屏县常年四季起始日期:入春3月5日,入夏5月23日,入秋9月22日,入冬11月28日;四季长度:春季79 d,夏季122 d,秋季67 d,冬季97 d。(2)56 a来玉屏县春季起始日期呈提前趋势,长度呈增加趋势,两者均在20世纪90年代前后出现了转折,但未发生气候突变;夏季起始日期及长度趋势变化不明显;秋季起始日期呈推后趋势,长度变化不明显;冬季起始日期变化不明显,长度呈减少趋势;春季长度增加、冬季长度减少主要为春季起始日期提前所致。(3)玉屏县四季起始日期的年际变幅大,起始日期比常年偏早(晚)连续2候以上的异常年份,春季为23%,夏季为27%,秋季为32%,冬季为25%。(4)玉屏县春季开始后出现低于季节指标≥1候的概率达41%,表明玉屏县春季出现倒春寒天气的概率很大。(5)比较气象行标法与稳定通过法的四季起始日期及长度,气象行标法对玉屏县的四季划分更能满足于农业生产的需要。     

气候变暖对临沂农业的影响

对临沂 1961-2006 年的气候资料进行统计分析,深入的研究了气候变暖对临沂农业的影响.结果表明临沂市年平均气温明显上升,冬春季气温在波动中上升明显,夏季几乎无变化,临沂气温升高主要是最低气温升高所致,自 1990s 以来,暖冬现象十分严重;≥O℃的积温经历下降再上升的过程,近 16 a 来上升最明显;霜冻终日提前、初日推后,无霜冻期天数增多;临沂的春播期提前,秋播期推迟.农业气象灾害加剧.气候变暖对冬小麦生产利大于弊,对水稻、玉米生产不利.喜温作物面积扩大,复种指数提高,种植制度变为一年两熟制.气候变暖对临沂农业影响是利弊并存.     

1953-2005年深圳灾害性天气气候事件的变化

以1953-2005年深圳市逐日最高、最低、平均温度资料为基础,分析近50 a来深圳市的气温变化特征,通过气候变暖前后灾害事件的次数和强度的对比,分析了灾害性天气气候事件的变化规律。研究表明,在全球气候增暖和城市化快速发展的过程中,深圳市的灾害性天气气候事件发生了明显的变化：变暖前后,暴雨次数无明显变化,但20世纪90年代极端降水事件加剧;雷暴日数减少;霾现象日趋严重;高温日数明显增加,持续高温加剧;低温、低温阴雨天气明显减少;影响深圳的热带气旋数量减少,但降水强度在加大。     

1960—2009年咸宁市气候变化特征

利用1960—2009年咸宁市3个地面气象站气象资料,统计分析近50 a来该区域气温、降水等主要气候要素的年变化、四季变化及年代际变化的趋势特征。结果表明：近50 a研究区气温有上升趋势,气候倾向率为0.23℃/10 a,年平均气温在20世纪90年代末发生突变。春秋季平均气温分别在2002年和1999年发生突变,夏季平均气温在2006年发生突变,冬季平均气温在1990年发生突变。春季与秋季平均气温的变化较一致,冬季平均气温对全球变暖响应最敏感,春季与秋季对气候变暖的响应较敏感,而夏季对气候变暖的响应最为迟缓。近50 a咸宁市年降水量呈波动但无明显增降的趋势,其中春夏两季变化趋势较为一致并有下降的趋势,且春夏降水量的变化主导着年降水量的变化;而冬季降水量有上升的趋势。通过对气温与降水变化趋势的比较,发现冬季对气候变化的响应最显著,其余季节无明显相关性。     

桂林市气候变暖特征及其对柑桔物候期的影响

利用桂林市1984-2014年气候资料和同期柑桔物候资料,运用线性倾向估计、SPSS相关系数等方法研究了桂林市气候变暖的特征及其对柑桔物候期的影响。结果表明:31年中桂林市气候变暖趋势明显,其主要特点是年平均气温上升幅度约为0.4℃,20世纪90年代后期和21世纪初升温显著,在升温过程中以春季升温为主,冬季次之,夏季、秋季略升温,气候变暖春季气温升高贡献最大。气候变暖引起柑桔物候期的变化明显,春季物候期提前,秋季物候期推迟,生长季呈延长的趋势;气温是影响柑桔物候期最为显著的气象因子;2月平均最高气温升高1℃,柑桔芽开放期提前约3.4天,3月平均最高气温升高1℃,开花期提前约4.9天,年极端最高气温升高1℃,可采成熟期推迟6.8天。     

20世纪60~90年代辽东地区气候年代际变化特征分析

利用1961～2000年辽东地区13个观测台站的逐月降水和气温资料,分析了辽东地区降水和气温的年代际变化。并利用高桥公式计算出辽东地区的蒸发量,得出了该地区蒸发量和降水蒸发差的年代际变化特征;同时利用干燥度指标研究了辽东地区气候干旱对气候变暖的响应。结果表明:近40 a来辽东地区气候变化呈暖干变化趋势,即气温升高、降水减少,尤其以20世纪90年代变化最为明显。     

华北平原近45年气候变化特征分析

为研究华北平原气候时空变化特征,选用华北平原53站1961—2005年逐日气象资料,采用趋势分析法分析华北平原主要气候要素时空演变特征,利用M-K突变检验法确定气候要素突变年。结果表明:年平均气温升高趋势明显,尤其是20世纪90年代以后;降水量总体变化趋势不明显,20世纪80年代中后期开始,由多雨期转为少雨期;近45年来华北平原的气候经历了一个"冷湿-暖干"的变化过程;年日照时数减少趋势明显。华北平原增温主要在1—4月;降水量在多雨的4月、7、8月减少趋势明显;光照变差的主要原因是夏季和冬春季日照时数的减少。空间上,南北之间温差呈减小趋势,而降水量和日照时数之差则相反。气温升高使得积温增加,热量资源更加丰富。     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment.     

VARIABILITY OF INTER-ANNUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE AND HUAXI REGION’S AUTUMN PRECIPITATION

The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.     

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC CONDITIONS BEFORE THE OCCURRENCE OF TWO TYPES OF EL NIO EVENTS

The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.     

IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION ON THE IMMIGRATION OF NILAPARVATA LUGENS(STL) IN HUNAN AND JIANGXI PROVINCES

Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.     

全球贸易隐含碳变化及其影响分析

基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.