怀玉山地体略论

地质，地球化学和地球物理的综合分析表明，以赣东北断裂带，东乡－江山－绍兴断裂带和宁波－嵊泗断裂带围限的地区是一外来地体，其形成的构造环境与边缘海相当。晋宁期，该地体与扬子大陆边缘九岭区发生碰撞拼贴造山作用，相伴形成了一系列的碰撞造山构造。     

造山后伸展构造研究的最新进展

本文综合介绍和比较分析了全球范围内不同时期造山带中的伸展构造样式；地壳尺度的拆离带或低角度正断层的性质、几何学和运动学；拆离带下盘变质核杂岩的抬升机理及其中各种韧性组构的成因和发展演变；后造山伸展塌陷过程中的岩浆活动和热演化；伸展平行褶皱的成因和构造几何学；后造山伸展盆地的形成过程；造山带地球物理剖面解释和岩石圈动力学；后造山伸展构造的物理和数字模拟等方面，当前开展的主要研究内容、研究方法和趋势。     

赣东北金山金矿床构造变形特征及其区域构造意义

金山金矿产于赣东北断裂带的次级剪切带中,其成矿作用与韧性剪切带的动力变质作用密切相关。本文通过对矿区金矿体的地质特征和运动学特征的分析,认为金山金矿成矿期经历了两期韧性剪切作用,即早期由NNW向SSE的韧性推覆剪切,晚期沿NE方向的左行韧性走滑剪切,分别形成NW向超糜棱岩型矿体和NE方向石英脉型矿体,两期韧剪变形均发生在新元古代,对应于江南造山带在碰撞造山阶段和后造山伸展阶段的动力变质事件。成矿后,矿区先受到NW向的挤压应力场作用,形成NE走向的逆断层、NW走向的张性断层以及SN走向的左行压扭断层,之后转为NW向的拉张应力场,形成NE走向的正断层。金山金矿床的构造变形特征指示了赣东北断裂带活动的阶段性,赣东北地区在晋宁期经历了两期构造-岩浆-变质事件;加里东-印支期构造活动比较弱;燕山期本区构造-岩浆活动强烈,引起赣东北断裂带的再次活动。     

造山带逆冲推覆构造研究的主要新进展

造山带逆冲推覆构造研究是造山带研究中最为重要的课题之一。造山带外带即前陆褶皱冲断带(主要发育盖层冲断推覆体,一般遵循薄皮构造变形规则)与造山带内带(主要是基底褶皱推覆体,呈现厚皮构造变形规律)结晶逆冲推覆构造的几何学、运动学特征存在较大差异,二者形成机制也不相同,但其间仍有紧密的联系。近20年来造山带逆冲推覆构造研究的主要新进展为:①前陆褶皱冲断带逆冲断层及其相关褶皱的几何学特征分析已趋定量化,对其组合类型与演化时序有了更全面的认识,且对前陆褶皱冲断带的发展演化模式取得了新的共识,即遵循临界库仑楔模式;②平衡剖面技术在前陆褶皱冲断带的应用已从二维平衡与复原演进到三维平衡与复原,且日渐计算机化;③对造山带内带结晶基底逆冲推覆构造的主要类型(C型与F型逆冲岩席)及其特征已有较深的理解;④对前陆褶皱冲断带与结晶基底逆冲构造的相互关系及其形成演化模式有了新认识。目前造山带逆冲推覆构造研究过程中存在的主要问题为:①造山带内带结晶逆冲推覆构造的研究比较薄弱;②造山带晚期走滑构造及伸展构造的叠加与改造使得造山带内结晶逆冲推覆构造更为复杂化,致使其研究难度加大;③全面、精细的造山带深部地球物理资料较缺乏;④造山带内结晶逆冲岩席变形变质历史与超高压变质岩的形成机制及折返过程之间的关系尚未揭示清楚。在今后研究过程中应加强对上述问题的深入研究。     

赣东北-皖南中元古代低级变质地层区的填图方法--构造-岩块-地层法

赣东北—皖南地区主体位于杨子板块与华夏(南)板坎接合部位，多期的构造成撞造山作用，使分布于其问的中元古代地居发生了不同程度的“非史密斯”化，单一的、传统的史密斯地居工作方法已不能适应该区的地质填图工作。通过对造山带等理论的具体运用，结合近年来在该区的工作实践，在构造—地层法基础上提出了造山带低级变质地居区先划分构造—岩坎，再分块建立地层层序的地质填图方法：构造—岩块—地层法。     

反转构造

反转构造近年来已成为盆地和造山带构造研究的一个重要方面，它与油气运移，聚集的关系已成为许多油气田评价的主要内容之一。本文在介绍反转构造的几何学特征，形成风制，鉴别特征等基础上，讨论了反转构造与油气聚集的关系以及在造山带研究中的应用，对反转构造概念和研究方法的正确领会和掌握，将为中国含油气盆地和造山带的研究提供新的思路。     

芬兰南部瑞芬造山带花岗岩类构造特征及其地质意义

北欧瑞芬造山带形成于早元古代（２０００－１７５０Ｍａ）的瑞卡构造运动。芬兰南部的瑞芬造山带产出了与瑞卡构造运动相对频的同造山，晚造山，造山后和非造山等四类花岗岩侵入体，四类岩体的构造特征明显不同。通过对四类岩体变形构造的研究，认为四类不同岩体造对中国内造山花岗体构造研究，尤其对桐柏－大别造山带花岗岩体及造山带的研究均有重要的借鉴意义。     

东天山-北山造山带中大型韧性剪切带属性及形成演化时限与过程

塔里木盆地北缘的东天山-北山造山带中发育多条近E-W走向的大型韧性剪切带,它们构成了造山带中不同地体单元的主要边界,是碰撞造山及造山后的产物。本文在野外调查基础上,通过微观/宏观构造、几何学/运动学/动力学/年代学相结合的研究、厘定了东天山北山造山带中的7条大型韧性剪切带,阐述了剪切带的延伸、规模、剪切变形特征、变形条件以及形成与演化时限。并讨论了这7条不同类型韧性剪切带的形成过程以及东天山和北山古生代造山过程中所起的重要作用。     

大别山-苏鲁碰撞造山带构造几何学、运动学和岩石变形分析

按照构造几何学特点和运动学特征我们把大别山-苏鲁造山带的分为三个构造单元:南部,中部和北部。造山带南部为一套构造堆叠体系;中部为一个混合岩穹窿,浅变质的砂岩、板岩和片岩构成了大别山-苏鲁造山带的北部构造单元。造山带南部的构造堆叠体系主要由前陆褶皱带构成:未变质的新元古代-早三叠世的沉积地层;由“宿松群”北部和苏北地区的“海州群”构成的高压变质岩石单元及含柯石英和金刚石的超高压变质岩石单元。造山带中部的混合岩穹隆由大别山地区的罗田穹隆和苏鲁地区的莱西-栖霞穹隆构成。同样大别山北部的浅变质“佛子岭-卢镇关群”和胶东地区浅变质的“蓬莱群”构成了造山带北部的构造堆叠体系。同时大别山和苏鲁两个构造地体均经历了相似的多期构造变形:沿 NW-SE 向矿物拉伸线理发育的上部指北的剪切变形代表着造山带主变形期的变形;早期向南逆冲的韧性剪切变形和沿中部混合岩穹隆边缘发育的重力滑脱变形体系,后者代表了混合岩穹隆形成时的垂向缩短作用。正是由于构造几何学和多期变形的可对比性决定了这两个变质地体具有相同的地球动力学背景。     

江南东段构造格架

江南造山带是扬子板块与华南板块自中元古代以来多期作用形成的造山带。主体形成于晋 宁期，东段出露自北向南为九岭被动陆缘（Ⅲ），障公山弧后盆地（Ⅱ）和怀玉火山岛弧（Ⅰ）。各单元之间 以宜丰－伏川蛇绿混杂岩带和赣东北蛇绿混杂岩带相拼贴。后期被赣江断裂、赣东北断裂左行平移成 西、中、东三部分。沿赣东北断裂带燕山期形成了该区重要的岩浆带和铜、金、银、铅、锌成矿带。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)