铌—酒石酸—偶氮氯膦—MN络合物极谱催化波的研究

在HNO_3介质中的Nb(V)-酒石酸-偶氮氯膦-mN络合物有一灵敏的催化波,峰电位为-0.81V(vs·SCE),Nb_2O_5浓度在0.002～0.16μg/ml范围与峰电流成线性关系。用有关电化学方法探讨了催化波的性质,表明该波为络合吸附催化波,拟定了一个不经分离,在样品分解后直接测定试液中痕量Nb的方法。     

钴—锌试剂配合物吸附波的研究

本文提出极谱法测定痕量Co的Co(Ⅱ)-锌试剂新体系。在8.0 ×10~(-5)mol/L锌试剂、0.5mol/L KCl溶液中,Co(Ⅱ)-锌试剂配合物在单扫描示波极谱上有一灵敏的配合物吸附波。峰电位为-1.10V(υs.SCE),Co浓度在0.001—1μg/ml范围内与导数波高呈良好的线性关系。制定的方法应用于化探样品中痕量Co的测定,结果满意。     

离子色谱法同时测定地质样品中氟氯磷硫

本文研究了离子色谱同时测定地质样品中F~-、Cl~-、PO_4~(3-)、SO_4~(2-)的前处理过程,选择了色谱测定最佳条件。在Na_2CO_3全熔的样品溶液中,加入(NH_4)_2CO_3使Si、Al随大多数金属离子同时沉淀;再用预处理柱除去熔剂引入的大量Na~+及CO_3~(2-)消除其干扰;并在流出液中补加相应试剂与淋洗液相匹配,实现了多种地质样品中F~-、Cl~-、PO_4~(3-)和SO_4~(2-)的测定。方法检出限(3s,μg/ml)分别为F~-0.05、Cl~-0.1、PO_4~(3-)0.3、SO_4~(2-)0.5。测定范围为F~-0.05—3μg/ml,Cl~-0.1—6μg/ml,PO_4~(3-)0.3 —30μg/ml,SO_4~(2-)0.5—30μg/ml。     

金-四(4-三甲铵苯基)卟啉配合物吸附波研究及其应用

在0.24mol/L酒石酸钾钠-0.15mol/L KOH及pH 9.2的NH_4Cl-NH_3·H_2O介质中,Au(Ⅲ)与四(4-三甲铵苯基)卟啉(简称T(4TMAP)P)的配合物于-1.72V(vs·SCE)处产生一灵敏的吸附波,波高与Au浓度在0.001～0.25μg/ml内呈直线关系。用泡沫塑料分离富集后,测定地质样品中的痕量Au,结果满意。     

水解—火焰原子吸收法测定地质样品中高含量铂

本文研究了在空气-乙炔火焰中于pH6—8的水相介质直接进行贵金属铂(1V)的测定方法。测定的灵敏度0.5μg/ml 1％;2.5μg/ml,RSD(n=4)1.26％。在部分铜镍矿和黄铁矿地质样品中进行人工模拟试验,表明该法是可行的,可以测定同类地质样品中0.000 x％以上的铂。     

对偶氮水杨酸苯基萤光酮的研究及应用 Ⅱ.Ga-p-CHPA-PF-Tween80光度法测定痕量镓

自制的新显色剂2,3,7-三羟基-9-〔4-(3-羧基-4-羟基苯)-偶氮〕-苯基萤光酮,(简称p-CHPA-PF),在微碱性介质中,有表面活性剂存在下,与Ga(Ⅲ)显色,形成紫红色三元配合物。配合物λ_(max)=554nm,表观摩尔吸光系数ε＇_(554)=1.2×10~5L·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1),ε＇_(554-500)=1.79×10~5L·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1),Ga在0—10μg/25ml范围内符合比尔定律。用本法测定岩矿中痕量Ga,结果满意。     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定铌酸盐—钽酸盐样品中铌和钽

文章描述了一种火焰原子吸收光谱法测定矿物及精矿中铌钽的方法。样品经KHSQ_4熔融,柠檬酸提取,在1000μg/ml Al存在下直接喷入N_2O—C_2H_2火焰。Al的存在不仅对Nb、Ta吸收信号有较强的增敏作用。而且还能消除Nb、Ta相互干扰及Ca、Ti、V对Nb、Ta的干扰。本法测定Nb、Ta的炅敏度分别为8.8μg/ml和13.7μg/ml。与使用有毒、危害较大的HF方法灵敏度相当或有所提高(Nb 22μg/ml、Ta 11μg/ml)。此法适合于矿物及精矿中含量大于5％Nb_2O_5和Ta_2O_5的测定。     

TBP萃淋树脂分离光度法测定岩矿中痕量镓

在pH 6.5—8.3的磷酸盐缓冲介质中,Ga-邻氯苯基荧光酮—CPB显色体系的λ_(mex)=576nm,表观摩尔吸光系数为1.38×10~5L·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1),Ga量在0—8μg/25ml范围服从比尔定律。引入联合掩蔽剂可提高Fe、Al、Cu等干扰的允许量。详细研究了在HCl介质中TBP萃淋树脂对Ga和主要干扰元素的吸附行为,提出用HCl-抗坏血酸—氨三乙酸淋洗杂质,水洗脱Ga。其富集Ga和分离大量干扰元素的效果好,Ga回收率在97.8—105％范围。方法经岩石、土壤和水系沉积物标样验证,结果与推荐值相符。测定镁铝榴石、透辉石、闪锌矿、黄铜矿、方铅矿、黄铁矿等中痕量Ga结果与其它方法吻合。     

硒(Ⅳ)-氯化四苯胂盐酸盐络合物的吸附波及其应用

本文研究了在HCl介质中,Se(Ⅳ)-氯化四苯胂络合物的极谱行为。在0.05mol/LHCl溶液中,该络合物于-0.58V(vs.SCE)处出现灵敏的吸附波。Se的检测下限可达0.0001μg/ml。本文拟定的方法应用于天然水中痕量Se的直接测定,结果良好。     

PAN—S光度法测定水,河泥和土壤中微量铜

本文研究了PAN-S与铜的显色反应条件。配合物的最大吸收峰位于550nm波长处,表观摩尔吸光系数ε为2.3×10~4L·mol~(-1)·cm~~(-1),于25ml溶液中铜(Ⅱ)量在0—1.6μg/ml范围内服从比尔定律,方法用于水、河泥和土壤中微量铜的测定,结果良好。     

Tectonics and oil and gas potentials of the Kolyma and Primor'ye lowlands and adjacent shelves

The impact of gigantic meteorites momentarily creates extremely high pressures and temperatures, leading to the formation of distinctive objects — impact breccias and impactites — at the points where they fall. The Zhamanshin crater is one such place. This annular structure has a diameter of about 10 km, contoured by a low rim made up of a body of shattered Paleozoic rocks thrown out from the ring's center, from depths exceeding 100 - 200 m. Among these breccias have been found pieces and lenticular bodies of remelted rocks — impactites, called zhamanshinites. These thermally altered rocks from a series ranging from baked clays to cinder-like, partly recrystallized substances, glass, and black drops and spattered droplets (up to 1 - 5 cm) of isotropic glass that undoubtedly hardened as they fell through the air. The refused neogenic substances formed by selective evaporation are characterized by a considerable deficit of K and Na, excess Al₂O₃ and SiO₂, a lack of H₂O, and a sharp predominance of Fe⁺² over Fe⁺³. Their characteristic shape and distinctive structure and composition suggests that these remelted droplets are tektites, which were called irgizites when first found in the USSR. Their occurrence in the meteorite crater confirms the idea of a genetic unity between tektites and impactites. Selective evaporation of the more volatile elements is characteristic of the surfaces of small planets lacking an atmosphere, but is not characteristic of the earth's surface. The processes and substances occurring at the impact points of gigantic meteorites are therefore unique on the earth, but highly typical of the surfaces of the Moon, Mars, Mercury, and other relatively small celestial bodies.     

RS和GIS技术集成及其应用

本文简要地介绍了ＲＳ（遥感图像处理系统）和ＧＩＳ（地理信息系统）技术及其集成的基本概念和方法。讨论了ＲＳ和ＧＩＳ技术及其集成的内在涵义、相互关系,认为ＲＳ是ＧＩＳ重要的外部信息源,是其数据更新的重要手段,尤其对于全球性的 地理动力学分析,更必须有ＲＳ所提供的覆盖全球的动态数据与ＧＩＳ的结合。反之,ＧＩＳ则可以提供ＲＳ所需要的一些辅助数据,以提高ＲＳ图像的信息量和分辨率,同时,ＧＩＳ可以将实地调查所     

Partition of magnesium and iron between Olivine and spinel,and between pyroxene and spinel

Partition of Fe²⁺ and Mg between coexisting (Mg, Fe)₂SiO₄ spinel and (Mg, Fe)SiO₃ pyroxene was investigated at pressures 80 and 90 kbar and at temperatures 840 and 1050° C, using tetrahedral-anvil type of high pressure apparatus. Olivine-spinel solid solution equilibria in the system Mg₂SiO₄-Fe₂SiO₄ were discussed in the light of the partition reaction. Partition of Fe²⁺ and Mg in both olivine-spinel and pyroxene-spinel systems can not be regarded as that between ideal solid solutions. By applying the simple solution model for the partition of Fe²⁺ and Mg, sign of the heat of mixing was estimated to be positive for all olivine, spinel and pyroxene. Relative concentration of Fe²⁺ in spinel in the pyroxene-spinel system is likely to cause some change in the chemical composition of modified spinel () or spinel () in the transition zone of the mantle. A considerable change is also expected in the transition pressure of to ( + ) and ( + ) to .Presented at the symposium Recent Advances in the Studies of Rocks and Minerals at High Pressures and Temperatures held in Montreal, 1972. Jointly sponsored by the International Mineralogical Association and the Commission on Experimental Petrology.     

Nano-Geology and Unconventional Oil and Gas

<正>Numerous Striking achievements have been made in micro and macro geology after the development for hundreds of years.Two trends branches of geology are divided into microcosmic nano-geology and macroeconomic astrono-geology with the enormous technology progress.The unique characteristics related to the nano-particles and nano-pores may be significant for     

自动化智能化地质岩芯钻探技术装备研发与应用

为解决5000 m地质岩芯钻探基础准则与依据缺失问题，提高钻探装备的自动化、智能化水平，启动了5000 m智能地质钻探技术装备研发工作，通过钻机装备、钻探器具研制，钻探工艺技术研究并经试验示范验证，取得多项创新成果，形成了5000 m地质岩芯钻探技术体系。通过特深孔钻孔口径与管柱规格优化研究、钻杆规格设计、装备性能参数选配，形成了5000 m地质岩芯钻探技术规范体系；基于5000 m特深孔地质岩芯钻机、孔口自动化作业装置等关键设备研制，实现了绳索取芯钻进的孔口作业全流程自动化，形成了轻量化钻机孔口管柱柔顺控制技术；基于复杂地层孔内工况判别、钻进参数优化与轨迹优化控制等技术问题研究，形成了多源信息融合的地面与孔底一体化钻进过程智能控制技术；基于高性能薄壁绳索取芯钻杆和系列小口径高效钻具研制，形成了大深度绳索取芯系列钻杆钻具技术；研发了耐高温环保型冲洗液、生物破胶废浆处理技术、“广谱型”双浆堵漏技术，形成了绿色环保型冲洗液体系与护壁堵漏技术。     

自动化智能化地质岩芯钻探技术装备研发与应用

为解决5000 m地质岩芯钻探基础准则与依据缺失问题，提高钻探装备的自动化、智能化水平，启动了5000 m智能地质钻探技术装备研发工作，通过钻机装备、钻探器具研制，钻探工艺技术研究并经试验示范验证，取得多项创新成果，形成了5000 m地质岩芯钻探技术体系。通过特深孔钻孔口径与管柱规格优化研究、钻杆规格设计、装备性能参数选配，形成了5000 m地质岩芯钻探技术规范体系；基于5000 m特深孔地质岩芯钻机、孔口自动化作业装置等关键设备研制，实现了绳索取芯钻进的孔口作业全流程自动化，形成了轻量化钻机孔口管柱柔顺控制技术；基于复杂地层孔内工况判别、钻进参数优化与轨迹优化控制等技术问题研究，形成了多源信息融合的地面与孔底一体化钻进过程智能控制技术；基于高性能薄壁绳索取芯钻杆和系列小口径高效钻具研制，形成了大深度绳索取芯系列钻杆钻具技术；研发了耐高温环保型冲洗液、生物破胶废浆处理技术、“广谱型”双浆堵漏技术，形成了绿色环保型冲洗液体系与护壁堵漏技术。     

红藻石和蓝藻石概念及分类归属的综述和修订

在分析和总结前人对红藻石和蓝藻石研究成果基础上,结合岩石薄片显微镜下观察实例,发现在以往碳酸盐岩颗粒分类中没有红藻石和蓝藻石的合适位置。鉴于红藻石重要的成因意义和造礁作用,有必要明确红藻石的概念和归属。珊瑚藻本身极易钙化,经生物矿化作用最终保存下来的珊瑚藻屑一直放在生物碎屑中,而红藻石是由非固着的珊瑚藻构成的钙质独立结核,因此也可以被划分到生物碎屑中。蓝藻石作为蓝细菌钙化作用的产物,同时鉴于蓝藻石的广泛存在,把钙化蓝细菌形成的核形石命名为蓝藻石,这一重要概念从提出到现在一直被使用。然而蓝绿藻概念已变更为蓝细菌,蓝藻石的形成与藻类无关,显然将其称作蓝菌石更加确切。因此,应将红藻石和蓝藻石分别归为生物碎屑和核形石当中,并用新的术语蓝菌石替代蓝藻石。其意义在于使红藻石和蓝藻石的概念及归属更为规范,并为碳酸盐岩颗粒的深入研究提供有益线索。     

Resource-based industrialization and country size: Venezuela and Trinidad and Tobago

There are scale advantages in resource-based industrialization (RBI). Trinidad and Tobago's small size meant that its RBI projects resulted in: relatively low revenue retention, heavy dependence on export markets, skilled personnel shortages and severe ‘Dutch disease’ effects. However Venezuela squandered its size advantage because its RBI strategy was over-ambitious. Instead of taking advantage of its ample scope for risk-reducing diversification, Venezuela concentrated largely on metals processing in a single location. Although it captured more backward linkage than Trinidad and Tobago it did so at high cost as a result of inefficient project execution. Worse, Venezuela's metals projects greatly exceeded its sizeable domestic demand, overtaxed its human resources and exacerbated existing distortions in the economy. Since poorly implemented RBI projects can overwhelm even a large developing economy, RBI is risky and should therefore only be pursued as part of a flexible, broadly-based diversification drive.     

矿物——成矿与找矿

单颗粒矿物微量元素激光原位定量分析测试数据的大量积累和研究,使矿物成为矿床地球化学研究和矿床勘查的重要示踪剂。本文重点选择磁铁矿、磷灰石、石榴子石、榍石、锆石、绿泥石和绿帘石等的原位分析研究所获得的认识,介绍单颗粒矿物成分组合及变化在矿床类型划分、成矿年龄测定、氧逸度、成矿过程与物质来源、找矿与勘探等方面的应用。不同矿床类型中普遍存在的矿物,如磁铁矿、磷灰石等的微量元素含量及组合差异,提供了矿床类型识别的标志。单颗粒矿物,特别是矿石矿物和密切共生矿物如锡石、铌钽铁矿、赤铁矿、石榴子石、方解石等的原位定年,使成矿年龄的直接准确测定成为现实。矿物中变价元素,如Fe、V、Mn、Ce、Eu含量和/或比值的变化,指示了成矿过程氧逸度及其变化特点。从矿物核部向震荡环带与边部的微量元素含量或同位素组成的变化,示踪了成矿过程中流体来源或性质的变化。斑岩和矽卡岩矿床中与成矿作用关系密切的蚀变矿物,如绿泥石、绿帘石的形成温度、特征微量元素比值,如Ti/Sr、Ti/Co、V/Ni、Mg/Sr等,与距矿床中心距离呈线性函数关系,可定量预测距矿床中心的距离,使以绿泥石、绿帘石为代表的找矿指示矿物研究迅速发展。