直接数字频率合成技术在声学释放器中的应用

直接数字频率合成技术(DDS)是一种新的频率合成方法,它具有转换时间短、相位变化连续、全数字可编程等优点.文中介绍了ADI公司生产的AD7008芯片作为频率信号源在声学释放器中的应用.     

基于DDS芯片AD5930信号发生器的设计与实现

提出一种以直接数字合成(DDS-Direct Digital Synthesis)技术为基础的信号发生器的设计。采用单片机MSP430F149控制DDS芯片AD5930产生信号频率范围可调的正弦信号,同时通过16位DA芯片AD5662实现信号幅度调节。该信号发生器控制方便灵活,电路结构简单,同时具备低功耗和低成本的特点,具有非常广阔的应用前景。     

MIMO高频地波雷达典型正交波形性能评价

理论研究表明,MIMO(Multiple-Input Multiple-Output)雷达技术能在很大程度上提高雷达系统的探测性能,而多个发射波形之间相互正交是实现此种改善的重要因素。为了确保正交波形在高频地波雷达系统上成功应用,本文结合地波雷达收发共址的特点选择了四种典型的正交波形,包括上调频与下调频线性调频中断连续波、错开时间的调频中断连续波、离散频率编码波形和线性调频脉冲的离散频率编码波形,分析了其应用于高频雷达时的模糊特性和互区模糊特性。通过对比分析四种波形的特征,指出利用恒定频率脉冲或线性频率调制脉冲构成的离散频率编码波形,采用优化算法优化频率编码序列后,表现出了较好的综合性能。     

基于经验模态分解和小波阈值的自适应降噪方法

针对全波形三维激光测绘雷达(LiDAR)在数字地形测量中如何降低背景噪声问题,提出了一种基于经验模态分解(EMD)和小波阈值的自适应降噪方法.在扫测的地形信号经EMD分解后,计算内蕴模式函数(IMF)与经过2/3阶重构的扫测信号之间的互相关函数,从而改善小波阈值自适应地对IMF中的高频噪声成分进行滤除.实验结果表明,与...     

南黄海地震资料叠前去噪技术应用

南黄海盆地位于下扬子地台东北部,是一个由多期、多类型盆地叠加的复合残留盆地,平均水深约为50m。工区内地震资料信噪比较低,干扰波类型较多,主要有涌浪、电缆和水鸟等产生的随机噪声,线性噪声和船干扰等相干噪声。通过系统分析噪声在振幅、频率方面的特征,以及噪声产生的机制,分别在不同域采用多种压制方法,主要采用分频分时振幅衰减技术去除异常振幅噪声,f-x域相干噪音方法压制低速线性噪声干扰,外部噪音模型法压制高速线性噪声,τ-p域切除法去除直达波干扰,以及采用fxy域预测误差方法压制船干扰噪声等。通过以上叠前多域去噪技术方法,在尽量不损害有效信号的情况下,对南黄海地震数据的各种噪声进行很好的压制。     

运动目标的主动声探测脉冲回波信号波形重构

水下主动声探测是水下目标探测的主要技术之一,其目标回波信号的模拟技术对水下作战防御、声呐和水中兵器以及水下目标探测系统的研制、实战操作训练等多项国防及民用领域具有十分重要的作用。 针对常见的 CW 和 LFM 主动声探测信号,开展了运动目标回波信号波形的重构技术研究。 在捕获得到主动声探测脉冲的条件下,利用“波形存储重发”的基本方法,根据运动目标相对运动速度,重新设置回波信号采样频率,从而实现宽带回波信号(LFM 信号)及窄带回波信号(CW 信号)的多普勒频移模拟。 根据目标回波时延信息,给出了目标回波时延重构模拟方法,并根据不同目标类型和入射方位给出了目标强度参数设置的参考。     

基于高斯与小波的机载测深LiDAR波形分解算法

波形分解是机载测深LiDAR数据处理的关键环节,为水深计算、底质类型反演和水体浑浊度分析等提供基础信息。针对传统测深LiDAR波形分解算法受噪声干扰严重、对微弱及叠加信号分解不准确的问题,提出一种新的波形分解算法。对原始波形经小波滤波后,计算滤波前后尾段波形的差异,估计回波信号的噪声;利用高斯模型,从原始波形数据中不断分解出经LM算法优化参数后的波形分量,直到剩余波形中最大峰值与优化后的参数小于一定阈值。通过南海实测数据进行验证,实验结果表明:该算法分解弱回波能力强,不论在浅水(回波发生叠加)还是深水,其分解精度均优于传统算法。     

水声宽带信号波形预报技术研究

为了实现远程水下目标微弱信号检测,掌握远程传输后信号波形的特征,水声宽带信号波形预报技术是研究水下信号精细化特征研究的重要突破口之一.针对宽带信号,采用波束位移射线简正波(BDRM)频域合成波形预报算法和 BELLHOP 射线时域波形预报算法,获得宽带信号远程波形预报模型,并在浅海负跃层和深海声道两种典型海洋环境下,利用上述两种宽带波形预报算法,仿真计算了宽带信号远程波形,比较了两种波形预报算法精度.结果表明,在一定条件下,两种模型具有同等计算精度,可满足不同条件下的信号波形预报需求.     

高精度测频与舰船线谱频率稳定性研究

随着水声技术的发展,水下甚低频信号分析越来越受到研究者的重视。甚低频线谱的稳定性分析对于线谱检测具有重要意义。低信噪比下,传统的自适应频率估计方法性能不理想,为了提高对线谱的检测能力和频率估计的精度,提出一种高精度频率估计器,利用相干累加自适应线谱增强器的方法从宽带噪声中提取单频线谱,进而用自适应频率估计器估计线谱频率。仿真研究证明该估计器在低信噪比时具有较高的频率估计精度。实验研究某舰船声辐射线谱的频率的稳定性,其频率不稳定性约在±0.01 Hz左右。     

不规则波试验中入射波、反射波波形的分离

采用不规则波对斜坡式防波堤进行了试验。不仅对入射波、反射波的波谱进行了分离,而且模拟合成了入射波、反射波的波形。明确了不同特征波的反射率也不同;反射波与入射波比较,波高分布有变化且波数减少,周期变长。将入射波、反射波的波形叠加后得到的合成波形与实测合成波形吻合较好,验证了波形分离方法的正确性。     

海上地震系统低频响应与电缆噪音

海上勘探地震采集的数据中低频率成分常常受到外部环境噪音的严重干扰。如何有效地剔除噪音 ,拾取更多的地震数据中低频成分。本文从分析地震仪器低频响应入手 ,得出了地震系统与电缆噪音的一些内在联系 ,就如何有效地压制外围环境噪音等问题 ,提供了有效的方法 ,为野外作业提供参考     

Depth dependence of noise resulting from ship traffic and wind

Under conditions of distantly generated noise, the noise level is found to decrease with depth in the mid-northeastern Pacific. These data show a decrease in noise level greater than 25 dB between critical depth and the ocean bottom. A result of this decrease is that locally wind-generated noise can be detected on near-bottom receivers for wind speeds less than 10 kn. It is shown that the noise level generated form local sources such as wind and nearby shipping is almost independent of receiver depth. The differences in spectra shape between the distant shipping noise and wind-generated noise and the low noise levels detected near the ocean bottom allow the measurement in the frequency band at 200-500 Hz of local wind noise level for wind speeds less than 10 kn     

基于小波变换和高斯函数的影像去噪方法研究

提出了小波变换与高斯函数相结合进行影像去噪的方法,在去除高斯白噪声的同时能够有效去除椒盐噪声。此方法是在小波域内结合小波变换的特点对高频子带分别进行高斯低通滤波,将滤波后的小波系数经过反变换后即可得到经过去噪后的影像。实验表明该方法不仅对高斯噪声和椒盐噪声去噪效果明显,而且保留了影像的细节信息,其滤波效果优于中值滤波和小波软阈值法。     

深吃水半潜式平台参数共振研究

深吃水半潜式平台(deep draft semi-submersible,DDS)作为一种新型海洋结构物,既继承了传统半潜式平台的优点,又改善了传统半潜式平台垂荡运动性能差的不足。但随着吃水的增加,DDS纵摇运动参数共振也成为一个不容忽视的问题。当DDS纵摇运动固有周期和垂荡运动周期满足一定关系时,纵摇运动将发生参数共振,纵摇角度将会显著增大。研究推导了DDS纵摇运动方程,并简化为标准的马修方程,运用希尔无穷行列式法求解马修方程,得到了含阻尼的马修稳定性图谱,并结合具体算例讨论了不同参数对DDS纵摇运动参数共振问题的影响。研究表明:深吃水半潜式平台的参数共振,是设计人员在设计之初必须考虑的问题;通过合理选取平台的系统参数,可以有效避免纵摇运动参数共振现象的发生。     

Effects of sediment properties on surface-generated ambient noise in a shallow ocean

Surface-generalized ambient noise in a shallow ocean waveguide with a sediment layer possessing a specific class of density and sound speed distributions capable of describing a realistic seabed environment is considered in this analysis. This class of non-uniform sediment layer has the density and sound speed distributions varying with respect to depth as a generalized-exponential and an inverse-square function, respectively. The study invokes a formulation developed by Kuperman and Ingenito (Kuperman, W. A., Ingenito, F., 1980. Spatial correlation of surface-generated noise in a stratified ocean. J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 67, 1988-1996.) for surface noise generation, in conjunction with the analytical solutions for the Helmholtz equation corresponding to the sediment layer, to arrive at an analytical expression convenient for numerical implementation. The intensity and spatial correlation of the noise sound field are analyzed with respect to the variation of the system parameters, including frequency, sediment layer thickness, sound speed gradient, with emphasis on the effects of sediment properties on the ambient noise field. The results have demonstrated that the intensity of the noise field is relatively sensitive to the variation of the parameters, but the spatial correlation is affected to a less extent, suggesting that the energy distribution, rather than the spatial structure, of the noise field is more susceptible to the environmental variations.     

Research on the Effects of in-Line Oscillatory Flow on the Vortex-Induced Motions of A Deep Draft Semi-Submersible in Currents

A Deep Draft Semi-submersible (DDS) under certain flow conditions could be subjected to Vortex-Induced Motions (VIM), which significantly influences the loads on and life fatigue of the moorings and the risers. To investigate the VIM of a DDS with four rectangular section columns in waves coupled with a uniform current, a numerical study using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method was conducted. The issues of the VIM of multi-column floaters can be conveniently converted to the issues of oscillating cylinders in fluid cross flows. This paper looks into the CFD numerical simulation of infinite cylinders having rectangular sections in a two-dimensional sinusoidal time-dependent flow field coupled with a uniform current. The resulted hydrodynamic forces and motion responses in different oscillatory flows plus currents both aligned in the same direction for the incidence of 135° of the DDS relative to the flow are compared with the ones in current only cases. The results show that the VIM response of this geometric arrangement of a DDS with four rectangular columns in a current combined with oscillatory flows is more evident than that in the current only case. The oscillatory flows and waves have the significant influence on the VIM response, forces and trajectory, in-plane motions of the DDS.     

Ambient noise in the natural surf zone: wave-breaking frequencies

Ambient noise in the surf zone, in the frequency range 120 Hz to 5 kHz, was recorded using a broad-band hydrophone, located approximately 1 m above bottom and 1-2 m below the mean sea surface. The predominant source of this noise is breaking waves. Analysis of simultaneous land-based video observations of the sea surface in the region of the hydrophone, along with wave height data, reveals quantitative correlation between wave-breaking events and the hydrophone signal. In energetic surf, locally breaking waves appear as discrete events in the ambient noise spectra. Distant breaking events do not appear to be detected, as distinct events above the ambient background noise, by the hydrophone. The noise events associated with local breakers are characterized by an asymmetry in the time envelope: low frequencies (less than 500 Hz) are observed leading the breaking crest, followed by a broader range of frequencies peaking in intensity with the passage of the wave crest above the hydrophone, and then decreasing abruptly at all frequencies. Low frequencies are generally not observed trailing the breaking wave. The detection by the hydrophone of breaking waves in the immediate vicinity implies that ambient noise in heavy surf provides a means of studying breaking-wave statistics in the surf zone in situ: in particular, the frequency of occurrence of local breaking     

海流剖面仪信号处理系统中最小二乘改进算法的应用研究

ADCP技术是海洋测流领域的热门技术,而频谱估计方法的研究是该技术的核心。文章介绍一种最小二乘的改进算法(ELMS),利用该算法可以很好的提取出淹没在白噪声下的正弦频谱。和传统的快速傅立叶变换方法(FFT)相比,该算法极大的压缩了数据量的要求,而且在信噪比为0DB的时候,仍能够较准确的估计出信号的谱峰位置。实验结果辩明该算法具有良好的鲁棒性。     

南海东部次海盆地震背景噪声分析

背景噪声的强弱是影响地震台站观测的一个重要因素.获取背景噪声的分布特征对评估海底地震仪记录数据质量及对数据的降噪处理均具有重要的指示意义.利用概率密度函数方法获取台站数据的功率谱密度的概率分布特征并与全球背景噪声高值模型和低值模型进行对比是研究台站周围环境背景噪声水平的有利手段.本研究基于南海大规模的被动源海底地震仪台...     

Dynamic Analysis of a Turret-Moored Tanker

—In this paper,the second-order perturbation method in frequency domain is used to calculateRAO and spectra of motion and mooring line tension of a turret-moored tanker in ballast condition.Thecalculated results are compared with corresponding experiment results.In the experiment the wave head-ing is 180°,and the wave spectra is the P-M spectrum and white noise spectrum.In the theoretical calcu-lations,the damping coefficient of slow oscillation of the tanker is determined on the basis of the dampingobtained from a test of irregular waves where the mooring system is replaced by a nonlinear spring withnonlinear stiffness similar to that of the mooring system.From the comparison between theoretical calcula-tions and experimental results,it can be found that the theoretical results obtained by the second-orderperturbation method in frequency domain are in good agreement with the experimental results,indicatingthat the damping coefficient of slow oscillation of the tanker required in frequency domain calcu