基于MEM1谱分析的水文时间序列隐含周期特性研究

水文时间序列的隐含周期(本文将简单周期、复合周期及近似周期等统称为隐含周期)的识别、判定是一个重要而又较为困难的问题,相对成熟和有效的做法是对其进行频谱分析。建立在最大熵原理(POME)基础之上的MEM1谱分析,克服了传统谱分析方法的诸多不足,具有频谱光滑、分辨率高等独特优势。为此,以黄河花园口(秦厂)测站年径流系列、月径流系列和年最大洪峰流量序列隐含周期特性的研究为例,探讨了MEM1谱分析在水文时间序列隐含周期特性中的应用。     

用最大熵谱分析进行等时沉积序列的相关性对比

本文以鄂尔多斯盆地东部镇川堡含气区的下二叠统下石盒子组为例,提出对等时沉积序列进行最大熵谱分析的方法,以便寻找各地层序列间的历史成因联系和彼此间的亲疏程度,从而较好地解决了诸如古水流方向、河道形态及湖泊岸线位置等问题,研究结果表明,镇川堡含气区下石盒子组沉积物源来自东北付谷、宝德一带,古水流方向北东30—60°,发育两个河流系统,稳定主河道4条.下石盒子组地层序列最大熵谱分析的最佳滤波阶数m=62,谱跨度K的最佳参数为200.     

用最大熵谱分析进行等时沉积序列的相关性对比

本文以鄂尔多斯盆地东部镇川堡含气区的下二叠统下石盒子组为例,提出对等时沉积序列进行最大熵谱分析的方法,以便寻找各地层序列间的历史成因联系和彼此间的亲疏程度,从而较好地解决了诸如古水流方向、河道形态及湖泊岸线位置等问题,研究结果表明,镇川堡含气区下石盒子组沉积物源来自东北付谷、宝德一带,古水流方向北东30-60°,发育两个河流系统,稳定主河道4条.下石盒子组地层序列最大熵谱分析的最佳滤波阶数m=62,谱跨度K的最佳参数为200.     

奇异谱分析在地磁数据研究中的应用

为验证奇异谱分析在地磁数据中的拟合效果,笔者选取2017年1月至2019年7月吉林省长春地磁台FHDZ-M15仪采集的Z、H、D、F 4个分量进行奇异谱分析.通过构造轨迹矩阵、分解奇异值和重构序列等步骤提取信号的趋势项和噪声等成分,得出原始序列奇异谱分析拟合值.构建原始序列的一元线性回归分析作为对比模型并计算拟合值,运...     

基于谱分析的岩溶地下河系统短时间尺度水化学变化研究

岩溶地下河系统在无雨条件下,秋季短时间尺度(10日左右)内其出口处水化学动态具有显著的日周期,连续功率谱及交叉功率谱分析可以识别这一周期。文章以茂兰自然保护区板寨地下河系统出口为研究对象,运用频谱分析方法对2007年10月中旬无雨条件下10日左右连续监测的气象要素、水化学数据进行研究,发现植被覆盖良好的岩溶地下河系统,出口处水化学动态呈现日动态变化周期,表现为白天气温升高,水的pH值升高,二氧化碳分压、电导率和方解石饱和指数降低,其中pH值对气象要素的响应最为敏感,二氧化碳分压对水温的响应最为敏感。     

东太平洋锰结核中叠层石纹层周期信号的谱分析及其意义

利用光学显微镜对一取自东太平洋的光滑型锰结核中的叠层石纹层进行分级统计，得到纹层带、纹层组和纹层对的韵律周期分别约为500μm、50－42．8μm和11－9．0μm。利用电子探针线扫描分析获取了锰结核磨光面上一生长剖面（长0．7mm)的Si、Al、Fe、Mn元素的含量变化序列，运用功率谱分析方法识别出上述4种元素序列具有111．3μm、46．5－40．6μm、24．9－28．1μm、23．1－23．9μm和11．7－13．4μm的显著振荡周期。除了纹层带周期由于受剖面长度限制没有出现外，显微镜下统计得到的叠层石的纹层组和纹层对周期在元素序列的功率谱分析结果上均得到了反映。通过对锰结核生长速率的讨论，认为锰结核的纹层韵律很可能与地球轨道参数的周期性变化有关，纹层组周期可能对应地球轨道的黄赤交角变化周期，纹层对周期可能对应地球轨道的半岁差周期，所研究剖面叠层石的生长速率约为1．134mm/Ma。     

水文时间序列复杂特性的研究与定量表征

应用小波分析方法及相关理论,以海河流域黑龙洞泉域47a(1956～2002年)年降雨序列和黄河利津站54a(1950～2003年)年径流序列为例.深入研究并定量描述随序列长度变化时水文时间序列主周期值和复杂特性的变化规律和特征.分析结果显示:不同方法(熵谱分析(MESA)、连续小波变换和小波方差分析)对相同长度序列的周期识别结果一致,不同长度序列的主周期值不同;此外,不同长度序列(包括原序列和消噪序列)的信息量系数(ICF)和分维数(D)也不等.研究结果表明:(1)水文序列特性复杂多变,存在整体变化特性和十分复杂的局部特性;(2)由局部特性发生变化造成序列的复杂程度随序列长度而变化,从而引起序列主周期值及复杂度(ICF和D)随序列长度变化而变化;(3)相比于序列的整体变化特性.局部特性更加复杂多变且更难以进行描述,因此也难以进行准确地模拟预测.对于引起水文序列局部特性变化的物理机制仍需进行深入探讨.     

ENSO事件对长江上游1470-2003年旱涝灾害影响分析

对长江上游旱涝灾害时间序列(1470-2003年)及SST指数序列(1868-2003年)作统计相关与谱分析,探讨了长江上游旱涝灾害与ENSO事件的遥相关关系.结果表明:长江上游旱涝灾害主周期要大于ENSO事件的主周期,前者主周期主要为16.69a,5.09a以及10.47a,而后者主周期主要为5a,～10～12年以及～10a.交叉谱分析结果表明,长江上游旱涝灾害与SST在约5a以及约10～12a周期上呈现出显著的相关性.可以认为ENSO事件发生周期与生存周期的长短直接影响着长江上游旱涝灾害发生的周期与频率,并在5a以及10～12a的周期上表现出高的统计相关性.SST指数与长江上游旱涝灾害相关分析表明,ElNiño事件的发生使长江上游发生旱灾机率增大,而LaNiña事件的发生则使长江上游发生涝灾的机率增大.     

桩基检测中的最大熵谱分析

本文利用最大熵谱法的原理对桩基检测信号进行谱分析,结果表明,与付氏谱相比,最大熵谱具有更高的精度.     

波谱分析方法在水文上的应用

本文试图以长江宜昌站105年水文系列(1877～1981)为对象,通过分析其年最高水位变化的规律,来探讨波谱分析在水文上的应用。经实际计算,发现长江上游洪水周期性很明显,目前正处于洪水位的多发期。时间序列波谱分析是自回归髓机模式中常用的一种数据分析方法,其适用性较广,在水文气象学中一般用来分析数据系统的物理属性(如频率结构)、识别周期成分或过滤噪声等。波谱分析大体经历了调和分析(富里叶级数展开,也称谐波分析)、功率谱分析(自相关函数的富里叶变换)和最大熵谱分析(简称MEM)等发展过程。由这些方法与其他数学方法相结合又形成一些所谓二次谱方法,如球面谐波分析、时—空谱分析和车贝雪夫—富里叶     

The spectrum of EG UMa

Spectra and radial-velocity curves for the precataclysmic variable EG UMa are analyzed. The system ephemeris has been improved and all system parameters determined. The parameters of the secondary are consistent with current evolutionary models for single main-sequence M stars with atmospheric metallicities exceeding the solar value by 0.5 dex. We have verified that the rotational velocity of the red dwarf exceeds the velocity corresponding to synchronous orbital motion by a factor of two to three. This suggests that the efficiency of tidal interactions between the components in the synchronization of their motion is low. The observed Ca II emission lines display reflection effects in a number of uniform spectra of EG UMa obtained during the quiescent state of the secondary.     

Power spectrum analysis of geomagnetic indices

Using the method of maximum entropy spectral analysis (MESA) by Burg and the least-squares linear prediction (lslp) (also calledFABNE) by Barrodale and Erickson, the spectra of geomagnetic indices Ap, AN, AS, AE, AU, AL, Dst and cosmic ray neutron intensity at Deep River are obtained for 1965 and 1969 from daily means and for longer periods from monthly means. A large number of peaks of periodicities from 2 days to several years is obtained, many of which are shown by all the indices. Some of these are probably harmonics of the 27 days solar rotation period and the 20–22 years double sunspot cycle period. Comparison is made with results of earlier workers who reported fewer peaks.     

Space weathering simulation and spectrum decoding

Visible and near-infrared spectra are routinely used to achieve mineral abundances and mineral chemistry of the global surfaces of the Moon and asteroids.However,these spectra can be significantly modified by space weathering,including micrometeorite impacting,solar wind implanting and cosmic ray irradiation.In this paper we report results of laser-bombarding experiments on the Jilin ordinary chondrite,simulating micrometeorite impacting on the surface of asteroids.After laser bombardment,the spectra became significantly redder and moderately darker. With the Modified Gaussian Model(MGM)method,the absorption band positions of olivine can be decoded from the modified spectra,which are correlated with their fayalite contents.In addition,a continuum of the modified spectra can be decoded,and its slope may be used to depict the degree of space weathering.However,relative strengths of the absorption sub-bands of olivine and pyroxenes show significant variant after the bombardment, hence they cannot be used to estimate the relative abundances of high-Ca to low-Ca pyroxenes of the lunar surface and other matured surfaces of asteroids.     

Multidimensional spectrum estimation for nonstationary processes

A spectrum estimation method for multidimensional nonstationary processes has been developed. The estimation method has been applied to a nonstationary two-dimensional random field. The numerical findings show that the results of the estimations are about what can be expected from a multidimensional estimation for a nonstationary process.     

Synthetic uniform-hazard site specific response spectrum

A stochastic model, nonlinear site response computations, and Monte Carlo statistics are incorporated into a process which is used to synthesize the uniform-hazard site specific response spectrum. This procedure, termed the SvE procedure, uses the Monte Carlo process for simulating the seismicity in the seismic areas neighboring the investigated site and to quantify the source parameters of the earthquakes in the simulated catalogues.Stochastic simulations are then applied to each of the listed earthquakes to generate the synthetic S-wave ground accelerations. For sites which are composed of thick layers of soil, each of the synthesized accelerograms is corrected for the nonlinear response of the site. The synthetic free surface S-wave accelerations are used to compute the response spectra for a given damping.Simple statistical analysis of the obtained spectral amplitudes is applied to determine the response spectrum where each of its determined spectral amplitudes has the same prescribed probability of being exceeded.The SvE procedure is demonstrated by determining the uniform-hazard response spectrum of an arbitrarily chosen site in Israel to which hypothetical, yet realistic, soil properties have been assigned.     

Low-temperature single-crystal Raman spectrum of pyrope

 The single-crystal polarized Raman spectra of synthetic pyrope, Mg₃Al₂Si₃O₁₂, were measured at room temperature and 5 K, as were the room-temperature unpolarized spectra of two natural pyrope-rich crystals. No major differences in the spectra between room temperature and 5 K are observed or are present between the synthetic and the natural crystals. The spectra are consistent with the proposal that the Mg cation is dynamically disordered and not statically distributed over subsites in the large triangular-dodecahedral E-site in pyrope. A low-energy band at about 135 cm⁻¹ softens and shows a large decrease in its line width with decreasing temperature. The presence of a weak, broad band at about 280 cm⁻¹ may be due to anharmonic effects, as could the one at 135 cm⁻¹. The latter is assigned to the rattling motion of Mg in pyrope in the plane of the longer Mg-O(4) bonds (Kolesov and Geiger 1998). The successful modeling of the anisotropic motion of the Mg cation in pyrope, which has an anharmonic character, provides a valuable test of the validity of empirical or semi-empirical lattice-dynamic calculations for silicates. Received: 10 May 1999 / Accepted: 10 April 2000     

坡缕石的红外光谱研究

在仔细分析坡缕石结构特点的基础上,对坡缕石结构的组成离子进行了详细划分。利用晶体化学和分子轨道理论,深入研究了热液型和沉积型坡缕石的红外光谱谱图特点, 对坡缕石结构中的水以及 Ｓｉ— Ｏ 区红外吸收带进行了归属研究。其中, 约 ３６９４ ｃｍ － １ 、３６１１ｃｍ － １ 吸收带分别归属为 ν Ｍ ｇ— Ｏ Ｈ 、ν Ａｌ— Ｏ Ｈ , 约 ３５４０ ｃｍ － １ 吸收带归属为 ν Ｏ Ｈ ２ , 约 ３３９４ ｃｍ － １ 、３２９４ｃｍ － １ 吸收带归属为ν Ｈ２ Ｏ , 约 １６５５ ｃｍ － １、１４００ ｃｍ － １ 吸收带归属为δ Ｏ Ｈ ２ 、δ Ｈ ２ Ｏ ; Ｓｉ— Ｏ 振动区,连接坡缕石倒转结构单元间的直线型 Ｓｉ— Ｏ桥倒— Ｓｉ的红外振动吸收频率最高, 与活性氧结合的 Ｓｉ— Ｏ活红外振动吸收频率居次, 其中 Ｓｉ— Ｏ活边 高于 Ｓｉ— Ｏ活内, 而连接辉石式单链的 Ｓｉ— Ｏ桥非— Ｓｉ较低, 且 Ｓｉ— Ｏ桥非间— Ｓｉ比 Ｓｉ— Ｏ桥非内 — Ｓｉ低。     

Optical spectrum variations of IL Cep A

The results of many-year uniform spectroscopic observations of the Herbig Ae/Be star IL Cep A are presented. Its Hα line has either a single or a barely resolved two-component emission profile. The Hβ emission line is clearly divided into two components with a deep central absorption. Smooth variations of the observed parameters of individual spectral lines over nine years are observed. The He I λ5876 Å line has a complex absorption profile, probably with superposed emission components. The NaI D1, D2 doublet exhibits weak changes due to variations in the circumstellar envelope. The variations observed in the stellar spectrum can be explained by either binarity or variations of the magnetic field in the stellar disk. Difficulties associated with both these possibilities are discussed.     

The mössbauer spectrum of almandine

Mössbauer spectra of a synthetic, pure almandine (Alm₁₀₀) and a natural almandine-rich garnet (Alm₈₆) were taken at temperatures between 295 and 4.2 K. Different widths and depths of the lines observed in the paramagnetic state require the spectra to be fitted with at least two components of slightly different quadrupole splittings and isomer shifts. Alm₁₀₀ shows a gradual onset of magnetic order between 10.4 and 9.0 K, with about 50 percent of the sample magnetically ordered at 9.6 K. At 4.2 K both samples have complex spectra that can be fitted by two eight-line magnetic hyperfine patterns of equal intensities. These result from the existence of two different polar angles between the z-axis of the electric field gradient and the direction of the magnetic hyperfine field, or from two distinctly different electric field gradients. The former interpretation, in which the two angles are attributed to a modulated, non-collinear spin arrangement, is considered more likely. Both magnetic components have practically identical quadrupole splittings, 1/2eQV _zz (1+η²/3)^1/2, that average ?3.70 mm·s^?1, and a small asymmetry parameter of η=0.07. Alm₁₀₀ has a magnetic hyperfine field of 25.7 T at 4.2 K, whereas Alm₈₆ has a hyperfine field of only 23.3 T; the other features of the spectra of both samples are similar.