2014 年2 月12 日于田MS 7. 3地震前形变异常

介绍了2014 年2 月12 日新疆于田MS7. 3 地震周围区域前兆监测能力及震前和田台金属摆存在的趋势性异常和中短期异常,并与2008 年3 月21 日于田MS7. 3 地震前兆异常进行对比分析。研究结果表明,本次地震前趋势性异常表现为2012 年以后金属摆倾斜趋势性东倾变化,中短期异常表现为两分量的速率变化加速、停滞,矢量方向和模长突变的特征;2 次7 级地震前和田台金属摆倾斜趋势性异常相同,都发生在趋势性东倾阶段,而中短期异常在持续时间、异常特征和发震间隔等方面存在显著不同。     

2006年乌苏MS5.1地震前后北天山地倾斜资料异常分析

分析了2006年11月23日新疆乌苏Ms5.1地震前后距震中250 km范围内的北天山地倾斜观测资料.认为2005年初以来绝大多数测项存在明显的准同步性趋势异常,以趋势性加速E倾、N倾为主,地震发生在大多数异常结束并出现返向加速变化之后,少数在趋势性E倾、N倾过程中;空间上愈接近震中,异常开始时间愈早,异常测项也较为集中.与以往震例比较该次地震前中短期和短临异常不明显,震后绝大多数趋势异常仍在持续,可能表明北天山地区依然存在发生中强地震的背景.     

深源与浅源气体震前异常变化的差异性

本文根据１９９３年６月至１９９４年１月滇西及其邻近地区数次中强以上地震前ＣＯ２，Ｎ２，Ａｒ，Ｒｎ等气体组分释放动态的观测结果，研究了气体的物质迁移对其前兆异常变化的影响，发现深，浅源气体的震前趋势性异常释放和短临突跳异常的发生时间具有明显的有序性，基本模式是源自深部的气体组分的震前异常变化总是上先于浅源气体，这种现象在强震发生前更为明显。作者认为，导致深一浅源气体异常变化有序发生的原因与气体物质迁     

伽师—阿图什6.7级地震阿图什地倾斜异常特征

１９９６ 年３ 月１９ 日新疆伽师—阿图什地区发生了６．７ 级强烈地震。震前阿图什地震台倾斜仪记录的中短期和短临前兆异常特征为：中短期趋势性异常的方向向背离震中的方向倾斜,持续了１３个月;震前两个月趋势异常出现短期恢复,之后加速异常;临震前５ 天异常快速恢复,并伴有观测值的临震突跳现象,地震发生在异常的恢复之中     

2017年9月16日新疆库车M_S5.7地震前兆异常分析

利用形态分析法,对2017年09月16日库车M_S5.7地震前震中400 km范围内形变和流体数字化观测资料进行梳理分析,提取震前异常,总结异常特征。结果表明,库车地震发生前,共有7项形变和流体的资料出现中短期及短临异常;钻孔应变异常特征表现为压缩―拉张变化、压缩速率变快、周期性台阶变化;流体异常特征表现为水位阶升和气体高值变化。     

新疆新源、和静交界M_S6.6地震前形变异常

主要研究2012年6月30日新源、和静6.6级地震前,震中附近的观测台站观测到了丰富的趋势异常和部分中短期异常。分析结果表明,①震前存在9项趋势转折异常,异常比例为40.9%,这些异常时间上具有同步性,这表明,震前背景性异常突出;②震前观测到6项中短期前兆异常,异常比例仅为27.3%,中短期异常主要分布在200～300 km范围内;③石场、精河水平摆、榆树沟水管、阜康伸缩仪和克拉玛依钻孔倾斜记录到的中短期异常,其共同特点是异常幅度大,克拉玛依出现的突变异常具有短临异常性质,部分中短期异常具有重复性。     

哈萨克斯坦卡帕尔-阿拉善4号井前兆异常特征分析

选取距卡帕尔-阿拉善4号井300 km范围内的3次5级地震,400 km内的3次6级地震,约600 km内1次7级地震、1次6级强震群作为震例资料,分析了这些地震前卡帕尔-阿拉善4号井前兆异常特征。结果表明:①对于5级地震,50.0%测项出现前兆异常,水化学、水动态异常各占50.0%。这些异常的58.3%表现为中期异常,41.7%表现为短期异常,无单独临震异常,也无叠加临震异常。异常变化幅度大而明显,且以趋势性上升或下降为主。硅酸和硫酸根在同一地震前异常时间与异常形态相似。②对于6级地震,33.3%测项出现前兆异常,其中水化学异常占38.9%,水动态异常占16.7%。出现的异常57.1%为中期异常,28.6%为短期异常,14.3%为临震异常。异常形态多为脉冲突跳,而仅有少数为趋势性高值异常。各异常项目之间有一定的同步性。③对于7级地震或6级强震群,37.5%测项出现前兆异常。出现的异常83.3%为中期异常,16.7%为短期异常。异常幅度大而明显,异常形态以单值突跳或趋势性为主。     

青海省河南县5.1级地震前兆异常的基本特征

系统分析了 1 999年 9月 2 7日发生在青海省河南县 5.1级地震前地下流体、形变、电磁等前兆异常的时空强演化特征 ,认为震前在距震中 4 0 0 km范围内前兆异常在时间上表现为中长期异常、中期异常、短期异常及临震异常 ,而且异常的出现、转折时间具有一定的同步性 ;异常在空间上表现为从场兆→源兆→场兆的迁移过程 ;异常在形态上表现出以负异常为主的特征。同时得出该次 5.1级地震有可能成为库玛断裂带再次活动的信号震     

新源、和静交界M_s6.6地震前库尔勒地震台部分异常识别和分析

对2012年6月30日新疆新源、和静交界MS6.6地震前库尔勒地震台出现的部分中短期变化进行了识别分析。水平摆震前主要表现为年变畸变异常,断层仪垂直分量位移累计量震前出现增大异常,水管仪震前的异常变化属加硅油影响所致。     

华东地区中短期地震异常综合判据研究

通过对华东地区1990年以来5次中强以上地震震前异常变化的综合分析,探讨了b值,Ds,Dt,C(n)值,YH值,Σ(t)值震前异常形态,并归纳出华东地区中强地震发生前测震学中短期异常的综合判据:YH值高值异常(主要出现在震前3年前后)—b值低值异常(平均出现在震前2年前后)—C(n)、YH值低值异常(大体出现在震前1～2年前后)—Ds,Dt值低值异常、Σ(t)值低值异常、b值高值异常(主要出现在震前1年内或稍长)—发震的模式。     

A Monte Carlo study of rainfall forecasting with a stochastic model

A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities.     

Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration Aims And Scope

正This journal is established by the Institute of Engineering Mechanics(IEM),China Earthquake Administration,to promote scientific exchange between Chinese and foreign scientists and engineers so as to improve the theory and practice of earthquake hazards mitigation,preparedness,and recovery.To accomplish this purpose,the journal aims to attract a balanced number of papers between Chinese and     

Foreword

Destructive earthquakes have caused great damage in China and the United States and collapsing buildings havecaused many deaths and injuries. The field of earthquake engineering studies earthquake hazards, the occurrence ofearthquakes of various magnitudes, the nature of the ground shaking during an earthquake, the vibration of structuresduring earthquakes, the strengthening of existing structures and the design of new structures to be earthquake resistant,and finally, how to cope with earthquake damage and restore a city to normal functioning. Such efforts are in progressin both countries, but unfortunately, the language barrier interferes with the free flow of information between China andthe Untied States. It would be mutually beneficial if some means could be developed to promote the exchangeof information across the Pacific Ocean. This new journal has been established for this purpose and its success willbe an important step in promoting earthquake engineering in China and the United States.     

WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR SEDIMENTATION AND EROSION RESEARCH(WASER)

正President:Giampaolo Di Silvio,Italy Vice Presidents:Ulrich C.E.Zanke,Germany Zhao-yin Wang,China The World Association for Sedimentation and Erosion Research(WASER),inaugurated on Oct.19,2004,is an independent non-governmental,non-profit organization.The mission of WASER is to promote international co-operation on the study     

Enhancing remote sensing research on global change to improve our understanding on Earth system processes

正Global Change includes climate change and other environmental changes caused by the joint interaction among various layers of Earth. From the positive side, global change provides new opportunities to human and other living forms on Earth. In the meantime, it creates tremendous challenges and negative impact. At present, the negative impacts have reached all primary processes of the global ecosystem and every aspect of human society, especially causing degradation of the ecosystem. For instance, intensive deforestation causes decline of biodiversity; global warming causes sea level rise and increases     

Solute concentrations in the lower niger river and the source rock contribution

Water quality analyses for the Niger River for the 1980/81 hydrological year are presented. The samples were collected from the main river at Lokoja, and from two main tributaries, the Kaduna and the Benue Rivers. Different water types were distinguished by the concentrations of major ions. The type Ca > Na > Mg > K - HCO₃ > SO₄ > Cl was represented at all stations during at least part of the year. Chloride was found to dominate the sulphate ion in the Kaduna and Niger, while the Benue maintained a higher concentration of sulphate relative to chloride all year round. Distinct patterns of seasonal variation in the ion concentrations were observed, particularly for the samples collected at Lokoja. Low ion concentrations were prominent during periods of high discharge, while low flow periods coincided with high dissolved ion concentrations. The contribution of rainwater to the total dissolved solids in the river waters was assessed indirectly using rainwater chemistry data from the Gulf of Guinea. The estimated rainwater contribution to the Lower Niger amounts to 5.15 mg 1^?1. Geochemical weathering calculations involving reactions of the four major minerals of granitic rocks - anorthite, biotite, albite, and K-feldspar - with carbon dioxide and water, can account for the average water composition of the Lower Niger. The proportion of the ionic components was also related to the occurrence of the respective element in the minerals.