甘肃省农村居民地震常识情况的调查分析

了解农村居民对地震常识的掌握情况是做好农村震害防御工作的重要参考.本文研究设计了调查表格,对农村居民地震常识的掌握情况进行了调查.通过甘肃省16个县(区)的现场抽样调查,得到了甘肃省农村居民的地震常识掌握情况,并通过对比研究,分析了造成农村居民地震常识掌握不足以及造成差异的影响因素.基于调查结果,本文针对农村居民地震常识的掌握情况,提出了增强农村居民防震减灾知识,提高其震害防御意识的工作建议.     

多层剪切型框架的等可靠性设计

本文根据随机过程的理论,提出了地震作用下剪切型框架的等可靠性设计方案,并且建立了计算有关参数的公式及表格。最后对等可靠性设计中某些参数的取值进行了讨论。     

地震综合预报的一个信息方法

本文应用信息论的观点,通过华北近二十年中发生的Ms5级以上地震资料,计算出了各前兆手段的信息量,用这个量值对前兆观测手段的预报效能进行评定。应用熵的最小原理计算了用于地震综合预报的数据,并列成应用方便的表格,当有一定数量的前兆异常时,可以利用该表格预测未来一段时间内可能发生地震的强度。文章最后还给出了预测地震强度的概率。     

四通4S高级科技编排系统简介

四通4S(Super Science Setting System)高级科技书刊编排系统,是专门为科技类书刊文献的编排而设计的,排版功能实用性很强,采用即打即排的操作界面.直观形象,从根本上解决了科技书刊排版的难题.4S 系统具有文字、图片、数学、化学、乐谱、表格、杂志、造字等直观排版功能,可在24针打印机、不同精度激光印字机及激光照排机,输出与版式一致的样张,目前可提供包括宋、楷、     

土耳其火力发电厂主厂房钢屋架的竖向地震反应分析

以土耳其某2×660MW火力发电厂为依托项目,采用有限元软件SAP2000对火力发电厂主厂房钢屋架进行竖向地震时程分析,研究不同地震区域及场地类别对钢屋架竖向地震作用的影响。通过分析给出了具有不同参数的钢屋架竖向地震作用系数(多遇竖向地震作用标准值与重力荷载代表值的比值)表格,供以后的工程设计参考使用。     

浅析甘肃岷县漳县6．6级地震宕昌县震害评估方法及震害原因

甘肃岷县漳县6．6级地震发生之后,笔者亲赴灾区,对此次地震受灾较重的宕昌县进行震害评估。经过数天的现场考察,笔者认为,宕昌县县、乡、村三级组织的协调合作、震害评估小组科学的表格设计以及主观抽样调查方法,是此次震害评估快速取得较为准确成果的关键因素;宕昌县的房屋结构以及房屋建筑地点的不合理,是造成宕昌县震害严重的主要原因。     

四通4S高级科技编排系统简介

四通4S(Super Science Setting System)高级科技书刊编排系统,是专为科技类书刊文献的编排而设计的,排版功能实用性很强,采用即打即排的操作界面,直观形象,从根本上解决了科技书刊排版的难题。 4S系统具有文字、图片、数学、化学、乐谱、表格、杂志、造字等直观排版功能,可在24针打印机、不同精度激光印字机及激光照排机上输出与版式一致的样张,目前可提供包括宋、楷、黑、仿宋、魏碑、隶书、中圆、细圆、标宋等丰富的汉字字体。     

四通4S高级科技编排系统简介

四通4S(Super Science Setting System)高级科技书刊编排系统,是专门为科技类书刊文献的编排而设计的,排版功能实用性很强,采用即打即排的操作界面,直观形象,从根本上解决了科技书刊排版的难题。 4S系统具有文字、图片、数学、化学、乐谱、表格、杂志、造字等直观排版功能,可在24针打印机、不同精度激光印字机及激光照排机,输出与版式一致的样张,目前可提供包括宋、楷、黑、仿宋、魏碑、隶书、中圆、细圆、标宋等丰富的汉字字体     

铁砚磨穿指蘸墨 不用扬鞭自奋蹄——志《山西地震》创刊20周年

回顾了《山西地震》创刊20年的历史,叙述了《山西地震》.编辑部在自身建设、执行科技期刊编排标准、为防震减灾事业默默奉献的情况,总结了经验、教训,指出了今后努力的方向.     

谈地震观测常用专业术语与学术论文的规范编写

参照与地震专业相关的中华人民共和国国家标准、地震行业标准和科技文献编排规范,对地震观测量和单位、测项类型、仪器名称、防震减灾术语等规范编写分类介绍;学术论文、科技报告的构成及规范编写进行阐述。     

西南交通大学8m×10m地震模拟振动台运行对场地振动的影响分析

西南交通大学建成的8m×10m/160t振动台是目前国内规模最大的振动台,对其运行质量和振动影响进行评价具有示范效应。探讨该振动台振动影响的现场实验于2017年初展开,实测结果表明:该振动台在工作频段内受控性能很好,对地震动信号重现度很高;台面满载满负荷运行时实验室建筑基础10m以内地面振动加速度实测值不超过6.6gal,振动速度小于2mm/s,不会对实验室厂房及附属办公建筑的安全、使用舒适性及人们正常工作、生活造成不利影响。     

Stream depletion by a pumping well including the effects of nonlinear variation of captured evaporation from a phreatic aquifer / Vidange en cours d’eau par puits de pompage incluant les effets de la variation non-linéaire de l’évaporation capturée d’une nappe à surface libre

Abstract

Abstract A study was made to develop a model that can be used to predict the steady-state stream depletion rates caused by a continuous pumping well located in a water table aquifer. The effects of nonlinear variation of evaporation with the depth to water table on steady-state stream depletion rate were investigated using model results. Dimensional analysis was used to determine the relationship between the scaled steady-state stream depletion, the scaled pumping distance, the scaled hydraulic conductivity, and the scaled initial depth to the water table. A dimensionless graph was developed for a wide range of these parameters. Analysis of this graph showed that the steady-state stream depletion rate decreases as the pumping distance between the well and the stream increases. The dimensionless graph also showed that steady-state stream depletion rates strongly depended on the initial position of the water table. Analysis indicated that, as the saturated conductivity increased, the effect of the initial position of the water table on the magnitude of stream depletion rate was more influential. Analysis also showed that, as the value of saturated conductivity decreased, the relative error produced by the assumption that at steady state all the pumped water is captured from the evaporation, also decreased.     

近场强震动记录基线校正方法的振动台实验研究

为了获取近场永久位移,通常采用基线校正方法,对近场加速度记录进行基线校正并积分得到永久位移值,但这一结果主观性较强,其可靠性也往往缺乏验证。为了解决这一问题,本文提出了一种能产生包含永久位移振动过程的振动台实验方案,采用振动台加滑动机构的方法,模拟记录到永久位移台站测点的真实振动情况;在实验中分别采用加速度计、摄影测量方法分别直接得到加速度和位移时程,对加速度时程进行基线校正并积分得到位移时程,将其与直接获得的位移时程进行对比,以验证采用基线校正方法的有效性。实验结果表明,在实验室条件下采用现有的基线校正方法校正后,通过积分能得到可以接受的位移时程。     

How to model shallow water‐table depth variations: the case of the Kervidy‐Naizin catchment,France

The aim of this work is threefold: (1) to identify the main characteristics of water‐table variations from observations in the Kervidy‐Naizin catchment, a small catchment located in western France; (2) to confront these characteristics with the assumptions of the Topmodel concepts; and (3) to analyse how relaxation of the assumptions could improve the simulation of distributed water‐table depth. A network of piezometers was installed in the Kervidy‐Naizin catchment and the water‐table depth was recorded every 15 min in each piezometer from 1997 to 2000. From these observations, the Kervidy‐Naizin groundwater appears to be characteristic of shallow groundwaters of catchments underlain by crystalline bedrock, in view of the strong relation between water distribution and topography in the bottom land of the hillslopes. However, from midslope to summit, the water table can attain a depth of many metres, it does not parallel the topographic surface and it remains very responsive to rainfall. In particular, hydraulic gradients vary with time and are not equivalent to the soil surface slope. These characteristics call into question some assumptions that are used to model shallow lateral subsurface flow in saturated conditions. We investigate the performance of three models (Topmodel, a kinematic model and a diffusive model) in simulating the hourly distributed water‐table depths along one of the hillslope transects, as well as the hourly stream discharge. For each model, two sets of parameters are identified following a Monte Carlo procedure applied to a simulation period of 2649 h. The performance of each model with each of the two parameter sets is evaluated over a test period of 2158 h. All three models, and hence their underlying assumptions, appear to reproduce adequately the stream discharge variations and water‐table depths in bottom lands at the foot of the hillslope. To simulate the groundwater depth distribution over the whole hillslope, the steady‐state assumption (Topmodel) is quite constraining and leads to unacceptable water‐table depths in midslope and summit areas. Once this assumption is relaxed (kinematic model), the water‐table simulation is improved. A subsequent relaxation of the hydraulic gradient (diffusive model) further improves water‐table simulations in the summit area, while still yielding realistic water‐table depths in the bottom land. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effect of water table drawdown on peatland dissolved organic carbon export and dynamics

Peatlands play an important role in the global carbon cycle, and loss of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) has been shown to be important for peatland carbon budgets. The objective of this study was to determine how net production and export of DOC from a northern peatland may be affected by disturbance such as drainage and climate change. The study was conducted at a poor fen containing several pool–ridge complexes: (1) control site–no water table manipulation; (2) experimental site–monitored for one season in a natural state and then subjected to a water table drawdown for 3 years; (3) drained site–subjected to a water table drawdown 9 years prior to monitoring. The DOC concentration was measured in pore water along a microtopographic gradient at each site (hummock, lawn and hollow), in standing water in pools, and in discharge from the experimental and drained sites. The initial water table drawdown released ～3 g of carbon per square metre in the form of DOC, providing a large pulse of DOC to downstream ecosystems. This value, however, represents only 1–9% of ecosystem respiration at this site. Seasonal losses of DOC following drainage were 8–11 g of carbon per square metre, representing ～17% of the total carbon exchange at the experimental study site. Immediately following water table drawdown, DOC concentrations were elevated in pore water and open water pools. In subsequent seasons, DOC concentration in the pool declined, but remained higher than the control site even 11 years after water‐table drawdown. This suggests continued elevated net DOC production under lower water table conditions likely related to an increase in vegetation biomass and larger water table fluctuations at the experimental and drained sites. However, the increase in concentration was limited to initially wet microforms (lawns and hollows) reflecting differences in vegetation community changes, water table and soil subsidence along the microtopographic gradient. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Her Majesty the Queen in right of Canada.     

Modeling and Mapping High Water Table for a Coastal Region in Florida using Lidar DEM Data

Predicting and mapping high water table elevation in coastal landscapes is critical for both science application projects like inundation risk analysis and engineering projects like pond design and maintenance. Previous studies of water table mapping focused on the application of geostatistical methods, which cannot predict values beyond an observation spatial domain or generate an ideal pattern for regions with sparse measurements. In this study, we evaluated the multiple linear regression (MLR) and support vector machine (SVM) techniques for high water table prediction and mapping using fine spatial resolution lidar-derived Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data, and designed an application protocol of these two techniques for high water table mapping in a coastal landscape where groundwater, tide, and surface water are related. Testing results showed that SVM largely improved the high water table prediction with a mean absolute error (MAE) of 1.22 feet and root mean square error (RMSE) of 2.22 feet compared to the application of the ordinary Kriging method which could not generate a reasonable water table. MLR was also promising with a MAE of around 2 feet and RMSE of around 3 feet. The study suggests that both MLR and SVM are valuable alternatives to estimate high water table elevation in Florida. Fine resolution lidar DEMs are beneficial for high water table prediction and mapping.     

饱和粉土液化特性的大型振动台模型试验研究

京沪高速铁路徐沪段路基的粉土粘粒含量少于1.5%、粉粒含量约为80%,在强烈地震作用下存在着液化可能性.为充分研究这一饱和粉土地层的液化特性,本文作者利用大型地震模拟振动台,进行了模拟自由场地饱和粉土的地震液化模型试验,试验结果再现了自然地震触发的粉土液化的各种宏观震害现象,揭示了饱和粉土的地震液化规律和特征。试验结果为京沪高速铁路徐沪段路基的抗震设计提供了参考依据。     

基于神经网络和滤波技术的贮仓结构参数识别

利用神经网络和Kalman滤波技术,提出了一种直接识别结构物理参数的方法,用Kalman滤波技术训练网络。在贮仓振动台实验的基础上,用贮仓在动载作用下的位移、速度作为网络的输入,激振加速度和响应加速度作为网络的输出。仿真计算表明,本文方法是可行的。     

地震速报软件测试探讨 ——以自动地震速报软件为例

通过分析地震速报软件测试现状,讨论测震业务软件进一步细分类的参考依据,提出地震速报软件供方、业务管理方和用户方的职责建议,给出地震速报软件的内容信息表。进一步以自动地震速报软件测试为例,从文档检查、功能测试、性能测试、易用性测试等方面探讨测试内容以及自动地震速报结果评分表。文中提出的建议和内容具有一定可操作性,可在实际工作中参考使用。     

Correlation studies using the equivalent base horizontal acceleration method

The equivalent base horizontal acceleration concept was developed for calculating the response of test structures to shaking table excitations, to account for pitching interaction effects of the table. Using the procedure, analysis-experiment comparisons were made of the shaking table tests of a 0–3-scale model of a six-storey concentrically K-braced steel structure. The correlation of the analytical and experimental results was excellent in both the elastic and inelastic ranges of structural response.