下扬子地区的印支运动

李四光1934—1935年在论述我国华南地壳运动时,根据南京下蜀金子山的上三叠统瑞替克阶“黄马青系”与中三叠统青龙灰岩之间的不整合关系,以及发生在淮阳地区三叠纪束的地壳运动,命名为金子     

试论中国滨太平洋带的印支运动

发生在中生代早期的地壳运动,在我国东部、尤其是江南隆起带以东及下扬子地区较为明显。因而自本世纪二十年代以来,已引起我国地质学者的重视,如丁文江、李毓尧、李捷、朱森、黄汲清、徐克勤、李四光、张文佑、孙殿卿、吴磊伯、徐煜坚等,曾先后对这一时期的造山幕(或褶皱幕、构造幕)给予专名。上述时期的地壳运动,在中南半岛的东部表现最强烈。1934年,法国地质学者J.弗罗马热(Fromaget)曾将越南晚三叠世的前诺利克期、前瑞替克期两个造山幕命名为印支     

楚雄盆地西缘上三叠统云南驿组的重力流沉积及其地质-找油意义

云南中部的楚雄盆地,盖层为侏罗系——第三系的陆相红层,三叠系及更老地层仅出露于盆地边缘。上三叠统在盆地的东西两侧差别明显。盆地西缘上三叠统发育较全,从卡尼克期至瑞替克期均有沉积,自下而上为:云南驿组和罗家大山组为海相沉积;花果山组为海陆交替相沉积;白土田组以三角洲砂体为主。盆地东缘仅有诺立克期至瑞替克期的沉积,以湖相环境的砂—泥岩为主,自下而上为普家村组、干海资组、舍资组。本文描述的重力流沉积发现在     

第六章 古环境概貌

第一节 中祁连山西段中—晚元古代古地理概貌 一、地壳运动 中祁连山西段中—晚元古代地层同下伏下元古界、上覆寒武系之间未见直接接触关系,但中—上无古界内部各系之间的接触关系清楚。各系之间以假整合接触为主,也见有连续沉积,而且随着时代由老至新,剥蚀面愈来愈清楚。下面对本区及其邻区中—晚元古代时期地壳运动的分期和名称,各期地壳运动确定的主要依据、性质及影响范围简述如下:     

西藏海相三叠系-侏罗系界线及晚三叠世生物绝灭事件研究

1998—2004年间在西藏聂拉木、林周、墨竹工卡和洛扎等地进行的三叠系/侏罗系界线地层研究表明,西藏隆子县和洛扎县尚未发现具有连续菊石层序的三叠系/侏罗系界线地层剖面。拉萨以北地区广泛分布的火山岩时代确定为晚三叠世—早侏罗世早期,这有助于解释晚三叠世末期生物绝灭与晚三叠世岩浆侵入和大规模的火山活动有关,但T/J界线尚待精确限定。聂拉木县格米格剖面是特提斯地区唯一未曾“压缩”的三叠系/侏罗系界线地层剖面,具有瑞替阶MARSHI菊石带、赫塘阶Tibeticum、Callyphyllum和Pleuro-notum菊石带。格米格剖面三叠系/侏罗系界线碳稳定同位素曲线记录了晚三叠世瑞替阶末期(Marshi菊石带)突然的负偏移,它很有可能和晚三叠世末期的由超级温室效应所产生的生物绝灭事件相对应。     

藏北羌塘盆地晚三叠世地层特征与对比

羌塘盆地上三叠统日干配错组、土门各拉组和肖茶卡组、那底岗日组分别分布于南、北羌塘凹陷。在以往研究和笔者在中国地质调查局青藏重点沉积盆地油气资源潜力分析项目工作基础上,通过对各地层单元的详细研究和区域对比,从古生物、岩石组合、沉积系列、地层单元的接触关系、年代地层进行了综合分析。结果显示北羌塘凹陷那底岗日组与南羌塘凹陷日干配错组和土门各拉组的时代主要为晚三叠世诺利期—瑞替期,三者为羌塘晚三叠世诺利期—瑞替期裂陷盆地形成过程中的同期异相的火山-沉积系列。北羌塘凹陷肖茶卡组的是残留陆表海沉积产物,其时代主要为晚三叠世卡尼期-诺利期早期,与那底岗日组、日干配错组和土门各拉组均为上下对比关系。     

新书评介

现代地壳运动国家地震局地壳应力研究所情报资料室编译·—北京,地震出版社出版,1988年8月,16开,317页。本书根据国外现代地壳运动的大量文献资料,精选出300篇文章,较全面地介绍了     

西藏措勤盆地的上古生界—下中生界：潜在的油气沉积建造

新的地层和古生物学研究结果表明,措勤盆地在晚古生代一早中生代不存在长达75Ma以上的沉积间断．其中,晚二叠世-晚三叠世诺利期都是海相碳酸盐岩地层,晚三叠世瑞替期-早中侏罗世为陆缘碎屑岩地层．两者之间为角度不整合接触．措勤盆地在晚二叠世-晚三叠世诺利期一直处于海相碳酸盐岩盆地中．晚三叠世瑞替期-早中侏罗世仍然是接受巨厚沉积的低洼地区。从宏观的油气勘探的战略评价角度看．措勤盆地在中二叠世栖霞期-晚三叠世诺利期的海相碳酸盐岩地层具有生油层的性质,上三叠统瑞替阶-中下侏罗统具有盖层的性质,两者之间的角度不整合具有储集层的性质。措勤盆地中二叠统-下侏罗统构成一个油气的有利勘探层系．称为古格层系。     

西藏措勤盆地的上古生界-下中生界：潜在的油气沉积建造

新的地层和古生物学研究结果表明,措勤盆地在晚古生代一早中生代不存在长达75Ma以上的沉积间断．其中,晚二叠世-晚三叠世诺利期都是海相碳酸盐岩地层,晚三叠世瑞替期-早中侏罗世为陆缘碎屑岩地层．两者之间为角度不整合接触．措勤盆地在晚二叠世-晚三叠世诺利期一直处于海相碳酸盐岩盆地中．晚三叠世瑞替期-早中侏罗世仍然是接受巨厚沉积的低洼地区。从宏观的油气勘探的战略评价角度看．措勤盆地在中二叠世栖霞期-晚三叠世诺利期的海相碳酸盐岩地层具有生油层的性质,上三叠统瑞替阶-中下侏罗统具有盖层的性质,两者之间的角度不整合具有储集层的性质。措勤盆地中二叠统-下侏罗统构成一个油气的有利勘探层系．称为古格层系。     

地球形变的节律与规律

地球形变的节律与规律陈殿友郑文瑞刘淑琴杨学祥（长春科技大学，长春，１３００２６）在地球体积（或地壳容积）固定的条件下，其表面积是地球形状的函数。其中球体的表面积最小；地球扁率越大，表面积也越大。这一几何特征表明，地壳运动可以来自周期性的地球形变，而不...     

HISTORIC-DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF GOLD METALLOGENY OF WEST SARAWAK,EAST MALAYSIS

West Sarawak,which located in the northwest of South Kalimantan Diwa Region,underwent geosynclinal period (An C-T),platform period (J1-J2) and diwa period (J3-).In geosynclinal evolution period,the crust was thickened and accreted by sedimentary accumulating,orogenic movement and metamorphism.In the different kinds of volcanic-sedimentary rocks,content of gold is general higher than the mean value of upper crust and its enrichment factor ranges from 0.94 to 4.7.The basement tectonics formed in geosynclinal fold inversionstage strike northeast,which controlled the distribution ofmagmatic activities and gold mineralization belts of the west part of west Sarawak.     

THE EVOLUTION OF LANPING RIFT BASIN FROM LADINIAN IN MIDDLE TRIASSIC EPOCH TO EARLY JURASSIC EPOCH

THE EVOLUTION OF LANPING RIFT BASIN FROM LADINIAN IN MIDDLE TRIASSIC EPOCH TO EARLY JURASSIC EPOCH     

当今中国大陆地壳移动的动力

地幔圈形状周期性变化使地壳产生势能(位能)力导致地壳运动。当地幔圈由圆相对变扁,南、北半球的高纬度区地壳向低纬度区对挤;当地幔圈由扁相对变圆,恢复等位面平衡,南、北半球低纬度区的地壳区分别向高纬度区挤压。当今中国大陆地壳移动的动力是由于西部地区的地幔还在继续进行恢复等位面平衡产生的。      

应用遥感构造解析方法分析汶川和玉树地震的构造活动过程———试作区域性地震活动预测分析

每次地震都是一次岩石圈表层的构造变形与位移,一组时空相近而有成生联系的地震,代表着某种方式与方向的地壳运动,即每次地震均可视为一次“地震—构造事件”。应用遥感构造解析方法,将地震视为“地震—构造事件”,对中国近20年来的地震活动进行分析和危险区评估,结果比较合乎实际。据此,对未来5~10年中国东部地区的地震活动趋势进行了预测,认为:两广及其沿海地带和华北平原中部存在发生强破坏性地震的较大风险。      

浅论多旋回构造理论对第四纪深部物理运动研究的推动

第四纪最突出的事件是青藏高原和南海海盆的形成和演化。众多中外学者几乎一致认为，青藏高原的形成是由于印度克拉通向北的推动，南海等西太平洋边缘海是在太平洋板块和菲律宾海板块向西俯冲的过程中形成的。笔者另辟蹊径，提出，由于新生代(尤其是第四纪)以来两个相互交切的东亚断裂和南亚断裂的深部物理运动，使得南海等西太平洋边缘海地区的陆壳物质被逐渐吸入地幔，经转化为“幔源壳质”以后，再不断输送、补充给青藏地区。其结果必然是，南海等西太平洋边缘海地区的陆壳迅速转化为过渡型壳甚至洋壳，青藏地区则由洋壳转化为陆壳，并迅速隆起、增厚。     

Lithospheric structure and crust–mantle decoupling in the southeast edge of the Tibetan Plateau

Convergence between the Indian plate and the Eurasian plate has resulted in the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau, and understanding the associated dynamical processes requires investigation of the structures of the crust and the lithosphere of the Tibetan Plateau. Yunnan is located in the southwest edge of the plateau and adjacent to Myanmar to the west. Previous observations have confirmed that there is a sharp transition in mantle anisotropy in this area, as well as clockwise rotations of the surface velocity, surface strain, and fault orientation. We use S receiver functions from 54 permanent broad-band stations to investigate the structures of the crust and the lithosphere beneath Yunnan. The depth of the Moho is found to range from 36 to 40 km beneath southern Yunnan and from 55 to 60 km beneath northwestern Yunnan, with a dramatic variation across latitude 25–26°N. The depth of the lithosphere–asthenosphere boundary (LAB) ranges from 180 km to less than 70 km, also varying abruptly across latitude 25–26°N, which is consistent with the sudden change of the fast S-wave direction (from NW–SE to E–W across 26–28°N). In the north of the transition belt, the lithosphere is driven by asthenospheric flow from Tibet, and the crust and the upper mantle are mechanically coupled and moving southward. Because the northeastward movement of the crust in the Burma micro-plate is absorbed by the right-lateral Sagaing Fault, the crust in Yunnan keeps the original southward movement. However, in the south of the transition belt, the northeastward mantle flow from Myanmar and the southward mantle flow from Tibet interact and evolve into an eastward flow (by momentum conservation) as shown by the structure of the LAB. This resulting mantle flow has a direction different from that of the crustal movement. It is concluded that the Sagaing Fault causes the west boundary condition of the crust to be different from that of the lithospheric mantle, thus leading to crust–mantle decoupling in Yunnan.     

渭河断裂西段活动差异性分析

渭河断裂是一条纵贯渭河盆地中部的大断裂，对渭河盆地的形成和发展乃至盆地内的地震活动都具有控制作用。本文将宝鸡峡口以东，西安市草滩镇以西的渭河断裂西段作为研究区。从渭河断裂北侧黄土台源地貌存在的分级现象、自西向东渭河断裂新近系错距大小非均匀变化、渭河断裂西段断坎地貌差异等方面的分析，讨论了渭河断裂西段存在的活动差异性，认为以千河断裂、岐山-马召断裂和泾河推测断裂为分界点，渭河断裂西段可分为三个亚段，各个亚段在断裂活动时间、活动强度等方面均有明显的差异。通过对渭河断裂西段所处新构造环境的分析，认为第四纪以来渭河盆地西部地壳的向东掀斜拾升运动是造成渭河断裂西段出现差异性活动的根本原因。     

Mid‐Miocene initiation of E‐W extension and recoupling of the Himalaya

The Tibetan plateau is host to numerous ~N‐S striking graben that have accommodated E‐W directed extension. The development of these structures has been interpreted to reflect a variety of different geological processes including plateau collapse, oroclinal bending or mid‐to‐lower crustal flow. New ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar thermochronology and quartz c‐axis data from the Thakkhola graben of west‐central Nepal show that E‐W extension was ongoing at least locally by the early Miocene (ca. 17 Ma). Our new, and previously published chronologic information on the initiation of graben across the orogen shows that they typically developed immediately after cessation of the South Tibetan detachment system, a structural network that facilitated differential southward movement of the upper and middle crust. We interpret this fundamental switch in orogen kinematics to reflect recoupling of the middle and upper Himalayan crust such that the subsequent widespread flow of the mid‐to‐lower crust out of the system to the east forced brittle accommodation in the upper crust.     

Uplifted crust in parts of western India

During northward movement of the Indian sub-continent, after its breakup from the Gondwanaland in the Late Cretaceous, the western part of India traversed over the Reunion plume. The Saurashtra peninsula and the Cambay Basin are two important geological regions in this part. Two and half dimensional density models, based on the crustal seismic structure, were generated to establish a relationship between these two regions. These models indicate that the crust is 32–33 km thick in the eastern Saurashtra and the northern part of the Cambay Basin. The shallower crust is in a triangular region formed by the extension of the western limb of the Proterozoic Aravalli trend in Saurashtra, its eastern limb and the Narmada fault in the south. Compared to 36–37 km thick crust to the west and 38–40 km to the east of this region the crust in the above triangular region is uplifted by 4 to 6 km. This uplift took place either after the deposition of Mesozoic sediments or was concomitant with the rise of Reunion plume prior to the extrusion of the Deccan volcanics as the region was close to the axis of the plume.     

THE RHAETIAN OF NORTHEAST ASIA

In the course of investigations in the North Caucasus, the Pamirs and the Soviet Northeast, geologists observed in sections certain beds with a peculiar fauna, underlain by deposits of the Norian stage and overlain by Upper Jurassic deposits. According to I. I. Tuchkov, in the Soviet Northeast these beds are unconditionally referred to the Rhaetian. In 1959 A. I. Afizky found numerous Upper Norian ammonites within these deposits on the Bolshoi Anyui River (lower course of the Kolyma River). As early as 1937 J. Fromaget mentioned findings of Norian ammonites in the supposedly “Rhaetian” beds in south-Asian sections. This author first put forward the Rhaetian stage problem, suggesting that it might be regarded as a zone of the Norian stage. Such a solution of the Rhaetian stage problem breaks with traditional stratigraphy. The present paper points out another way towards the solution of the above problem, taking into account both the numerous cases of findings of beds with a mixed Norian-Rhaetian fauna and the irregular distribution of ammonite zones in the Norian (six zones) and the Rhaetian (one zone) stages. By lowering the lower boundary of the Rhaetian stage and including the two upper zones of the Norian stage into the Rhaetian, the problem, of the latter may be solved without breaking with traditional stratigraphy.—Auth. Eriglish summ.