云南会泽超大型铅锌矿床C、O同位素地球化学

云南会泽超大型铅锌矿床规模大、品位富、伴生有用元素多,预示其成矿环境较为特殊。本文分析该矿床矿石中脉石矿物方解石和赋矿碳酸盐地层的C、O同位素组成,结果表明矿石中脉石矿物方解石的C、O同位素组成相对均一,不同矿体(不同标高)、不同产状以及相同矿体不同产状方解石的C、O同位素组成不具明显差别,其δ13CPDB值和δ18OSMOW值分别为-2.1‰～-3.5‰(均值-2.8‰)和16.7‰～18.6‰(均值17.7‰),在δ13CPDB-δ18OSMOW图上集中于岩浆碳酸岩与海相碳酸盐岩之间的狭小范围内。多方面的证据表明:矿床成矿流体为壳-幔混合流体,其中壳源组分可能主要由矿区(或区域)碳酸盐地层提供,而幔源组分则可能与区域大面积峨眉山玄武岩岩浆活动过程中的去气作用有关。     

云南会泽超大型铅锌矿床构造带方解石稀土元素地球化学

云南会泽超大型铅锌矿床明显受北东向构造带控制 ,构造带中的脉状方解石为富碳酸盐流体活动的产物。文章通过对这种脉状方解石的稀土元素地球化学研究 ,探讨构造流体的来源及其与成矿流体的关系。结果显示 ,矿区北东向构造带中脉状方解石的稀土含量范围较宽 (∑REE :5 .4 71× 10 -6～ 5 6 .788× 10 -6)、稀土配分模式为相似的轻稀土富集型、存在较强的铕负异常 (δEu :0 .4 39～ 0 .74 2 )。结合地层、矿石中脉石矿物方解石、峨眉山玄武岩的稀土元素含量和碳、氧同位素组成 ,认为控矿构造带中方解石稀土为同源构造流体的结晶产物 ,构造流体稀土元素地球化学特征明显受成矿流体的控制     

云南会泽超大型铅锌矿床成矿元素迁移和沉淀机制

云南会泽铅锌矿床是扬子块西南缘川―滇―黔接壤区的铅锌银多金属矿集区已探明的唯一超大型铅锌矿床,矿床规模大（Pb＋Zn探明储量超过500万吨）、品位高（Pb＋Zn平均品位大于25%）、伴生元素多（Ag、Ge、Cd、Ga等）,有很高的研究和经济价值。本文在总结该矿床地质特征、成矿流体性质及来源基础上,探讨了成矿流体迁移和沉淀机制。研究表明,低温（150～200℃）条件下,Zn主要以硫氢化物络合物迁移,少量呈氯化物络合物形式;Pb主要以氯化物络合物,少量以硫氢化物络合物形式进行迁移;高温（300～400℃）条件下,Pb、Zn主要以氯化物络合物的形式进行迁移。流体混合作用导致成矿流体温度降低,还原硫和Cl-浓度降低,pH值升高和氧逸度降低是成矿元素沉淀的主要机制。     

云南会泽超大型铅锌矿床的矿床模型

矿床模型是一组有成因联系矿床的高度总结,对找矿预测具有指导作用.位于川-滇-黔接壤区铅锌银多金属成矿区中南部的云南会泽超大型铅锌矿床是成矿区内很具代表性、研究程度较高的矿床.本文在总结了会泽铅锌矿床成矿背景、矿床地质特征、成矿时代和矿床地球化学基础上,分析了峨眉山玄武岩、构造和地层与成矿的关系,探讨了矿床类型,初步建立了该矿床的矿床模型.     

云南会泽超大型铅锌矿床发现锗的独立矿物

在对云南会泽超大型铅锌矿床原生矿石电子探针观察分析过程中,发现1种锗的独立矿物,其粒径约80 靘,形态不规则,与黄铁矿、闪锌矿和方解石共生,波谱分析主要由Ge和Al组成(GeO2 39.84%和Al2O3 49.96%),同时含少量F和Si(F2O5.92 %和SiO2 3.52 %).从成分上看,该矿物与目前已报道的含Al的独立锗矿物明显不同,可能为1种新的矿物,有待更全面、深入的矿物学研究.     

康滇地轴东缘铅锌矿床铅硫同位素地球化学研究

康滇地轴东缘不同时代碳酸盐地层中铅锌矿床的铅同位素研究表明,其＾２０７Ｐｂ／＾２０４Ｐｂ与＾２０８Ｐｂ／＾２０４Ｐｂ呈良好线性关系,＾２０７Ｐｂ／＾２０６Ｐｂ和＾２０８Ｐｂ／＾２０６Ｐｂ为一常数。结合对本区床的稀土元素及成矿流体地球化学的研究,判定不同层位铅锌矿床是在同一个成矿体系同时形成的,一次成矿,其成矿年龄为２４５Ｍａ;同时说明不同矿床成矿金属有相同的来源,主要来自上地幔。成矿硫以来自地层中     

膏盐层在云南会泽和毛坪铅锌矿成矿中的作用：硫同位素证据

云南会泽和毛坪铅锌矿床位于扬子地块西南缘川-滇-黔铅锌多金属矿集区的中南部,小江断裂带、昭通-曲靖隐伏断裂带和垭都-紫云断裂带的构造复合部位,是我国著名的MVT型铅锌矿床。本文以会泽和毛坪铅锌矿为例,系统研究了矿床中矿石硫化物、矿区相关碳酸盐岩地层中微量硫酸盐(CAS)以及外围不同时代膏盐层中石膏的硫同位素组成,探讨了膏盐层在云南会泽和毛坪铅锌矿成矿中的作用。会泽矿床矿石硫化物的δ~(34)S_(V-CDT)值为11.0‰~20.0‰,多数集中在13.0‰~17.0‰之间,平均14.7‰,大致代表总硫的同位素组成。石炭系碳酸盐岩地层中微量硫酸盐的δ~(34)S_(V-CDT)值为10.4‰~18.6‰,平均13.1‰,较矿石硫化物的值稍低。矿区外围石炭系膏盐层中石膏的δ~(34)S_(V-CDT)值为12.9‰~17.1‰,平均13.6‰,与石炭系碳酸盐岩中微量硫酸盐的δ~(34) S_(V-CDT)值几乎完全一致。毛坪矿床矿石硫化物的δ~(34)S_(V-CDT)值与其赋存层位密切相关,赋存于摆佐组(C1b)的矿石硫化物的δ~(34)S_(V-CDT)值为7.1‰~17.5‰,平均12.8‰,较会泽矿石硫化物的值稍低,与石炭系碳酸盐岩地层中微量硫酸盐和石膏的值一致;赋存于宰格组(D3zg)的矿石硫化物的δ~(34)S_(V-CDT)值为18.3‰~22.7‰,平均21.1‰,与赋存于摆佐组(C1b)的矿石硫化物的值和会泽矿床矿石硫化物的值明显不同。矿区外围宰格组(D3zg)膏盐层中石膏的δ~(34)S_(V-CDT)值为21.9‰~25.9‰,平均23.6‰,与毛坪矿床宰格组(D3zg)矿石硫化物的值相似。通过对比会泽、毛坪矿床中不同赋矿层位矿石硫化物、石炭系不同层位碳酸盐岩中微量硫酸盐和矿区外围不同时代膏盐层中石膏的硫同位素组成及变化规律,提出会泽、毛坪铅锌矿床矿石硫化物中的硫主要来源于赋矿层位膏盐层中石膏硫酸盐的热还原。其中会泽铅锌矿的硫绝大部分来自石炭系膏盐层,只有10%的硫来自下伏的宰格组膏盐层;毛坪铅锌矿床中赋存于宰格组的矿体,矿石硫主要来自宰格组膏盐层,而赋存于摆佐组的矿体,矿石硫主要来自摆佐组膏盐层,即膏盐层是在原地被还原的。成矿作用分为两个阶段,第一阶段石膏与甲烷等有机质发生热化学反应,全部被还原形成H2S,储存在层间裂隙或溶洞之中,同时发生大规模白云岩化;第二阶段淋滤了深部基底岩石中Pb、Zn等金属成矿物质的成矿流体与储存在层间裂隙或溶洞之中的富含H2S的流体混合,形成黄铁矿、方铅矿和闪锌矿等富集沉淀,形成高品位矿石。     

云南会泽铅锌矿床脉石矿物方解石REE地球化学

方解石是云南会泽铅锌矿床最重要的脉石矿物，原生矿石中三种产状（即团块状状、团斑状和脉状）方解石的REE含量、有关参数和配分模式都有一定的差异，但不同产状方解石之间以及同种产状方解石的REE地球化学特征具有连续变化规律。分析结果表明：矿区原生矿石中三种产状方解石为同源不同阶段形成的产物；矿床成矿流体具有多来源特征，地幔流体在成矿流体形成过程中具有重要作用；成矿流体在演化过程REE含量逐渐降低；成矿环境由相对还原向相对氧化变化。     

云南会泽超大型铅锌矿床成因研究中的几个问题

位于川-滇-黔铅锌多金属成矿域中南部云南会泽超大型铅锌矿床可能是一种新的铅锌矿床类型，该类铅锌矿床明显特征是规模大、品位富、伴生有用元素多，暗示其成矿环境较为特殊。从成矿时代、成矿物质来源、成矿流体来源与演化，以及峨眉山玄武岩与成矿的关系等方面分析了会泽超大型铅锌矿床的研究进展及国内外研究现状，认为矿床成矿时代与西南大面积峨眉山玄武岩成矿时代相近，成矿物质和成矿流体具有“多源性”，成矿流体存在均一化过程，区域大规模流体运移在该区铅锌成矿过程中具有重要意义，峨眉山玄武岩岩浆活动与铅锌成矿具有密切的成因联系，矿床可能为“均一化成矿流体贯入成矿”的产物。     

REE Geochemistry of Sulfides from the Huize Zn-Pb Ore Field, Yunnan Province： Implication for the Sources of Ore-forming Metals

REE abundances in sulfides from the Huize Zn-Pb ore field were determined with the ICPMS after preconcentration. The REE abundances in 26 sulfide samples （including pyrite, galena and sphalerite） are very low, with the ~REE ranging from 1.6×10^-9 to 166.8×10^-9. Their LREE/HREE ratios range from 7.6 to 98, showing LREE enrichment relatively. The JEu values are below 1, indicating that they were deposited from an Eu-depleted and reducing fluid-system. Similar to the ore-hosting carbonate strata, calcite separates from carbonate veinlets filling in the fractures or faults crosscutting the carbonate strata also show clear Eu-depletion. This indicates that the carbonate veinlets and their parent fluid was possibly sourced from the strata and inherited the REE geochemical features of the strata. Therefore, REE-geochemical characteristics of both the sulfides and calcites, which were deposited from an ore-forming hydrothermal system, are similar to those of carbonate strata, and strongly suggest that the ore metals were mainly sourced from carbonate strata.     

会泽超大型铅锌矿田方解石Sm-Nd等时线年龄及其地质意义

云南会泽超大型铅锌矿田由麟麒厂和矿山厂两个独立的铅锌矿床组成,方解石是两个矿床矿石中唯一的脉石矿物。本文利用方解石 Sm-Nd 等时线测定了麒麟厂6号矿体和矿山厂1号矿体的成矿时代。结果表明,会泽超大型铅锌矿田两个矿床的成矿时代一致,麒麟厂矿床为 226±15 Ma,矿山厂矿床为 225±38 Ma,如果把来自两个矿体的所有13个样品的数据作为一条等时线计算,在等时线图上仍然表现良好的线性关系,等时线年龄为222±14 Ma;结合地质、地球化学资料,认为两个矿床为同期同源成矿作用的产物。本文获得的会泽超大型铅锌矿床成矿时代与西南大面积峨眉山玄武岩成岩时代(250 Ma左右)在误差范围内接近,为“峨眉山玄武岩浆活动与铅锌成矿存在成因联系”提供了年代学证据。     

Dating of the Giant Huize Zn-Pb Ore Field of Yunnan Province, Southwest China: Constraints from the Sm-Nd System in Hydrothermal Calcite

The Huize ore field, which is the most famous high‐grade Mississippi Valley‐type Zn‐Pb ore field in China, consists of the Kuangshanchang and Qilinchang deposits. The Sm‐Nd isotopic compositions of gangue calcite were analyzed to constrain the timing of mineralization. Eight calcite samples from the No. 6 orebody in the Qilinchang deposit have Sm and Nd concentrations of 1.82–25.93 and 15.25–79.02 ppm, respectively, and yielded an age of 225 ± 9.9 Ma with epsilon Nd =?10.6 and MSWD = 0.13. Five calcites from the No. 1 orebody in the Kuangshanchang deposit contain 2.37–2.90 ppm Sm and 8.18–16.85 ppm Nd, and yielded an age of 228 ± 16 Ma, with epsilon Nd =?10.6 and MSWD = 0.28. These two ages are close to the age of the Emeishan flood basalt, which is ca 255 Ma, and agree with the reported ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar plateau and isochron ages of the native copper mineralization related to the Emeishan flood basalt in this region, which are 226–228 Ma. Moreover, previous study shows that the magnitude of uplift resulting from the Emeishan flood basalts is >1000 m. It indicates that the Kuangshanchang and the Qilinchang deposit formed during the same geological event and originated by fluid migration during uplift resulting from the Emeishan flood basalt.     

REE and C-O Isotopic Geochemistry of Calcites from the World-class Huize Pb-Zn Deposits, Yunnan, China: Implications for the Ore Genesis

<正>The world-class Huize Pb-Zn deposits of Yunnan province,in southwestern China,located in the center of the Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou Pb-Zn polymetallic metallogenic province,has Pb+Zn reserves of more than 5 million tons at Pb+Zn grade of higher than 25%and contains abundant associated metals,such as Ag,Ge,Cd,and Ga.The deposits are hosted in the Lower Carboniferous carbonate strata and the Permian Emeishan basalts which distributed in the northern and southwestern parts of the orefield.Calcite is the only gangue mineral in the primary ores of the deposits and can be classified into three types,namely lumpy,patch and vein calcites in accordance with their occurrence.There is not intercalated contact between calcite and ore minerals and among the three types of calcite,indicating that they are the same ore-forming age with different stages and its forming sequence is from lumpy to patch to vein calcites. This paper presents the rare earth element(REE) and C-O isotopic compositions of calcites in the Huize Pb-Zn deposits.From lumpy to patch to vein calcites,REE contents decrease as LREE/ HREE ratios increase.The chondrite-normalized REE patterns of the three types of calcites are characterized by LREE-rich shaped,in which the lumpy calcite shows(La)_N(Ce)_N(Pr)_N≈(Nd)_N with Eu/Eu~*1,the patch calcite has(La)_N(Ce)_N(Pr)_N≈(Nd)_N with Eu/Eu~*1,and the vein calcite displays(La)_N(Ce)_N(Pr)_N(Nd)_N with Eu/Eu~*1.The REE geochemistry of the three types of calcite is different from those of the strata of various age and Permian Emeishan basalt exposed in the orefield.Theδ~(13) C_(PDb) andδ~(18)O_(Smow) values of the three types of calcites vary from-3.5‰to-2.1‰and 16.7‰to 18.6‰,respectively,falling within a small field between primary mantle and marine carbonate in theδ~(13)C_(PDb) vsδ~(18)O_(Smow) diagram. Various lines of evidence demonstrate that the three types of calcites in the deposits are produced from the same source with different stages.The ore-forming fluids of the deposits resulted from crustal -mantle mixing processes,in which the mantle-derived fluid components might be formed from degassing of mantle or/and magmatism of the Permian Emeishan basalts,and the crustal fluid was mainly provided by carbonate strata in the orefield.The ore-forming fluids in the deposits were homogenized before mineralization,and the ore-forming environment varied from relatively reducing to oxidizing.     

Rb-Sr isotopic dating of sphalerite from the giant Huize Zn-Pb ore field,Yunnan Province,Southwestern China

The giant Huize Zn-Pb ore field in Yunnan Province, southwestern China, comprises the Qilinchang and Kuangshanchang deposits. The deposits are large in scale (more than 5 Mt of Zn and Pb) and high in grade (average grade of total Zn and Pb is 30%). Reported in this paper are the results of Rb-Sr isotopic dating of sphalerite from this ore field. Two precise ages (223.5±3.9 Ma and 226±6.4 Ma) have been obtained from two isochrons. These two ages are close to the reported ages of native copper mineralizations...     

云南会泽矿山厂铅锌矿床流体包裹体特征及成矿物理化学条件

通过会泽矿山厂铅锌矿床闪锌矿流体包裹体显微测温和成矿物理化学条件参数计算,结合前人研究结果,得出以下认识:会泽矿山厂铅锌矿床闪锌矿流体包裹体均一温度为126280℃,具有较宽的变化区间,盐度(w(NaCl))为3.2%22.8%;白云石流体包裹体均一温度为86163℃,大部分盐度较低,为1.1%-14.8%。3个成矿阶段闪锌矿和白云石中流体包裹体均一温度和盐度具有较明显的分布特征:从热液成矿期Ⅰ阶段→Ⅱ阶段→Ⅲ阶段→围岩蚀变,流体呈现中高温-高盐度→中温-中高盐度→中低温-中高盐度→中低温-低盐度的演化规律。在整个热液成矿过程中,有两种不同盐度的流体参与了作用,流体混合可能是矿物沉淀的主要机制。pH值计算结果表明,迁移阶段时,成矿流体呈酸性,从成矿阶段Ⅰ—Ⅳ,流体pH逐渐增大,主成矿阶段Ⅱ—Ⅲ时,闪锌矿和方铅矿在中性、弱碱性下大量析出。受控于CO、CO_2、O_2间逸度平衡的CO_3~(2-)和HCO_3~-缓冲对调节了成矿流体的pH值,碳酸盐岩在铅锌的运移沉淀中起了至关重要的作用。     

滇东北铅锌矿集区昭通铅锌矿床成因的成矿流体证据

云南昭通铅锌矿床是铅锌多金属矿集区的典型代表之一。该矿床严格受NE向毛坪冲断褶皱构造控制,矿体分布于毛坪逆断层上盘的猫猫山倒转背斜西翼层间断裂带中,呈大脉状陡倾斜产出,其延深远远大于走向延长。主要矿石矿物由闪锌矿、方铅矿、黄铁矿组成,脉石矿物主要为铁白云石、方解石、石英和重晶石。本文针对成矿流体研究的薄弱环节,进行了闪锌矿、脉石矿物(方解石、石英)流体包裹体成分研究,研究认为流体包裹体类型主要呈纯液相和液相,成矿热液属Na+-K+-Ca2+-Cl--F-型,与典型MVT矿床存在明显差异,为深化"会泽型"铅锌矿床"构造–流体‘贯入’成矿"模型提供了重要证据,而且该研究无疑对矿床深部及外围找矿具有指导意义。     

四川拉拉铁氧化物铜金矿床硫同位素地球化学

硫的来源对于了解铁氧化物铜金矿床的形成过程和成因具有重要的意义。文中统计了拉拉铁氧化物铜金矿硫化物的 硫同位素数据,并结合地质特征和矿相学研究,分析和讨论了硫的同位素组成特征和硫的来源。结果表明,拉拉铜金矿硫 同位素组成变化较大(不考虑一个异常样品,δ34S 值极差达到 14.9‰),表明成矿硫来源的多样性;其中,黄铁矿 δ34S 值范 围为 -1.4‰ ~4.9‰(平均 1.8‰),黄铜矿的 δ34S 值范围为 -5.9‰ ~9‰(平均 1.5‰)。结合硫化物的生成机制分析,并与其 他典型矿床硫同位素数据对比,表明海水沉淀的蒸发岩是黄铁矿和黄铜矿的重要硫来源,但也不能排除岩浆硫的贡献。目 前没有证据支持变质作用减少拉拉矿区硫化物的硫同位素组成差异。     

新疆维宝铅锌矿床地质、流体包裹体和同位素地球化学特征

新疆维宝铅锌矿床位于东昆仑祁漫塔格地区西段,铅锌矿体受地层及岩性控制,多呈层状、似层状赋存于蓟县纪狼牙山组中下部条带状绿帘石（透辉石）矽卡岩中,矿石类型主要为绿帘石-透辉石矽卡岩型铅锌（铜）矿石。矿石矿物主要为方铅矿、闪锌矿、黄铜矿等,脉石矿物主要为透辉石、绿帘石、方解石、绿泥石、石榴子石等。金属硫化物电子探针分析表明,闪锌矿中Fe质量分数为2.206%~2.679%,贫Ga、Ge、Cd,Zn/Cd为143~150,方铅矿中Ag质量分数较低（0.163%~0.210%）,具有与岩浆热液有关的金属硫化物特征。流体包裹体以富气相两相包裹体和富液相两相包裹体为主,均一温度平均值分别为268.2和273.1 ℃,含有CO₂、CH₄、N₂、H₂等成分,成矿流体可能来源于岩浆流体,具中温、高盐度、低密度的特征,成矿过程中发生了不混溶作用。金属硫化物的δ³⁴S_V-CDT为0.49‰~2.41‰,主要来源于岩浆;金属硫化物的²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb为18.254~18.336,²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb为15.556~15.664,²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb为38.060~38.367,主要来源于区内深源岩浆活动,有少量地壳铅的混染。综合分析认为维宝铅锌矿床为与印支期岩浆作用有关的层控矽卡岩型矿床。