河北省承德市通沟金矿地质特征及找矿标志

通沟金矿位于华北地台北缘中段金银铅锌铁铀硫铁矿成矿区,区内共圈定金矿体7个。本文阐述了成矿地质背景、矿床地质特征、矿体特征、矿石质量特征,简要分析了金矿成矿作用过程,探讨了矿床成因类型,总结了区内找矿标志。     

苏里南Sara Kreek矿区地质特征、矿床成因及找矿前景分析

Sara Kreek工作区位于苏里南中部,在全球构造上属太古-元古界的圭亚那地盾。圭亚那地盾上分布着大小几十个矿床（点）,如圭亚那奥迈（Omai）大型金矿床,结合最新的勘查成果,对矿区地质、矿床地质特征进行了分析,总结了矿区地质特征、矿体特征、矿石特征及围岩蚀变特征,对本区的矿床成因及前景进行了讨论,本区成矿明显受地层、构造等因素的影响,本区绿岩带的原岩为中基性火山岩系,是矿体的成矿母岩,经剪切作用形成金矿体。蚀变以硅化、黄铁矿化蚀变最强,分布最广,与成矿关系最密切。韧性剪切带则是金矿体的控矿构造。研究认为,本矿区矿床成因类型为变质-沉积绿岩型金矿,Sara Kreek矿区找矿前景较好。     

胶东大尹格庄金银多金属矿床银成矿期扫描电镜研究

胶东大尹格庄金矿南部的Ⅰ号矿体受到了后期的多金属硫化物叠加成矿作用,表现强烈的银矿化,产出品位较高的银和多金属硫化物。本文以扫描电子显微镜进行矿物学研究,取得的成果和认识主要有:自然金主要和黄铁矿、石英关系密切;银金矿多与黄铁矿、黄铜矿和方铅矿等共同产出;多金属硫化物矿石中含较高品位的银,主要以银金矿和辉银矿的形式存在,部分为金银矿,也有少量碲铋银矿、硫锑铜银矿的存在。含银矿物多富集在多金属硫化物细脉之中,明显由后期叠加成矿作用形成。     

万古金矿成矿作用特征及成矿模式浅析

采用研究成矿地质作用确定成矿地质体、研究成矿构造分析矿体空间分布特征、研究成矿流体确定找矿方向的"三位一体"研究方法,确定平江县万古金矿的成矿模式,认为矿区成矿地质体为隐伏花岗岩体;成矿构造为北西西向断裂构造;成矿结构面主要为北西西向的次级断裂面;成矿作用特征标志为蓟县系地层+北西西向断裂构造+硅化、毒砂矿化、黄铁矿化蚀变。     

内蒙古老羊壕金矿地质特征及成因探讨

老羊壕金矿位于内蒙古地轴西段北缘,矿体分布于色尔腾山群下部含铁变质岩层中,其形成与吕梁期斜长花岗岩及沿蚀变带发育的脉岩有关。金矿体主要受三合明东西向断裂带与大桦背——合教——达茂北东向断裂带控制,含金矿蚀变带主要是组成矿区向形构造的两条挤压片理化带、其次由北东及北西向挤压破碎带经蚀变矿化而成。根据老羊壕金矿成矿地质特征,矿床属混合岩浆期后热液型,以蚀变矿化为主。老羊壕金异常区内的断裂构造及断裂构造中的多种蚀变组合是金矿形成的重要标志,为今后同类型区域地质找矿及成矿规律研究提供了资料依据。     

广东省翁源县红岭钨矿矿床地质特征及成因

广东翁源红岭钨矿区一突出特征是矿区的云英岩型和石英脉型两种类型的钨矿体在空间上密切伴生,相互叠加,矿化类型基本相似,为同一岩浆源在分异演化不同阶段的产物,矿体分布空间呈上下之分,形态产状各异,云英岩型矿床岩体是处于相对封闭的构造条件,花岗岩自变质交代作用过程中,有明显的岩浆期后的汽化-热液成矿特征.推断该矿床的成因类型...     

关于金矿地质特征及成矿规律的研究

金矿资源的勘探及开发对于社会经济的发展有重要意义。金矿在形成的过程中,有一定的地质特征及成矿规律。本文结合笔者多年的工作经验,从金矿的形成原因,矿体分布,地质的多样性与复杂性,矿体及矿石特征等方面对金矿的地质特征进行了详细分析,并在此基础上对金矿成矿的规律进行了探究,最后深入研究了金矿地质特征及成矿规律,对以后金矿的勘探与开采具有十分重要的参考价值。     

内蒙古兵图金矿外围地、物、化综合勘查方法的找矿效果

内蒙古集宁察右后旗兵图矿区外围位于三合明——伊胡赛铁、金、钨成矿带中东段,地表大部玄武岩覆盖,区域成矿条件、控矿因素及地球物理特征等研究成果表明矿体主要分布在东西向构造破碎带内及片麻岩与大理岩的接触带部位。通过本次地质规律研究及综合地质工作对成矿模型和找矿标志进行了探讨,在玄武岩覆盖区圈定了矿致异常,钻探揭示在265.7m~265.9m见品位1.64g/t的金矿化体和弱铜矿化显示,取得了良好的找矿效果。     

内蒙古达茂旗比鲁特金矿地质特征及成因分析

分析论述了内蒙古达茂旗比鲁特岩金矿成矿地质特征及控矿因素、规律,认为矿床具叠加改造特征,即富含金的沉积层形成了构造破碎带,在区域变质所形成的热液作用及岩浆活动所形成热液的作用下使地层中的金活化富集而成矿,矿床成因为变质——热液金矿床。对在白云鄂博北部区寻找金矿开拓了思路,提出了找矿方向和远景。     

内蒙古中部色尔腾山岩群金矿成矿地质条件及规律

文章从地层、构造、岩浆活动方面论述了金矿的成矿地质条件。从金矿成矿的矿源层、控矿构造与金矿化的关系、岩浆活动与金矿化的关系等几方面探讨金矿成矿规律,指出了金矿的勘探方向。     

云南勐满金矿硅质岩特征及其与金矿化关系

云南勐满金矿位于临沧——勐海花岗岩体西接触带之小南婆——西定铁金多金属成矿区,矿区内硅质岩发育。显微镜下观察,硅质岩无明显的生物迹象。而化学成分分析显示,W(Al)/W(Al+Fe+Mn)值远大于0.35,不具有热水沉积作用典型的高铁锰特征。综合各现象可初步判定硅质岩属交代沉淀成因。硅质岩的形成与金矿化之间存在密切的联系,因而可将硅质岩作为金矿勘探开发的一条重要找矿标志。     

马来半岛地区New Discovery金矿地球化学特征及意义

本文对马来半岛中央金成矿带北段的New Discovery金矿地球化学特征进行了分析。主要得出:主量元素特征表明该矿床火山碎屑岩为钙碱性铝过饱和系列岩石。微量元素表明可将13种元素分成4个组合:Cr、Co、Cu、Sc、W、Ba;Pb、Ag、Zn;Sb、Ni;Bi、Mo。第一组合为成矿成晕组合,第二组合为多金属矿化组合,第三组合为硫化物蚀变组合;元素组合也对应于不同的矿化阶段。稀土元素分析结果表明,该岩石属轻稀土富集型,铕弱负异常。稀土配分曲线为平缓的右倾。New Discovery金矿床的原岩为中性火山岩,且形成于岛弧——活动大陆边缘区域。     

On a proposed plutonic porphyry gold deposit model

A plutonic porphyry gold deposit model is proposed that is imilar to the plutonic porphyry copper deposit model. However, unlike the plutonic porphyry copper deposit model, the proposed model is deficient in copper and contains less than 1 percent total sulfides. In the proposed model, gold is accompanied by scheelite, molybdenite, arsenopyrite, a variety of bismuth sulfides, tellurides, and native bismuth. The host rock varies from granite to granodiorite stock. Most of the ore is in the pluton. Deposits cited as examples of the proposed model are the Mokrsko deposit in Czechoslovakia, the Fort Knox deposit in the United States, and the Dublin Gulch deposit in Canada. In each of these deposits, pervasive potassic or phyllic alteration zones accompany the gold ore, which is disseminated in quartz-rich stockworks, veinlet swarms, and veins. Tonnages of gold-bearing material are large, but grades are low in the cited deposits. The proposed model is distinct from other gold deposit models because of the low Cu to Au ratio and the association of Au, Bi, W, and Mo.     

Multi-scale Numerical Simulation and 3D Modeling for Deep Mineral Exploration in the Jiaojia Gold District,China

In this study, deposit- and district-scale three-dimensional (3D) fault-and-intrusion structure models were constructed, based on which a numerical simulation was implemented in the Jiaojia gold district, China. The numerical simulation of the models shows the basic metallogenic path and trap of the gold deposits using mineral system theory. The objective of this study was to delineate the uncertainty of the geometry or buffer zones of the ore-forming and ore-controlling fault-and-intrusion domains in 3D environment representing the exploration criteria extraction and the gold potential targeting in the study area. The fast Lagrangian analysis of continua in three dimensions was used as the platform to define the stress deformation fracture ore storage and the hydrothermal seepage channel zone based on the gold deposit features and metallogenic model in the study area. The validity of the numerical simulation was verified by comparing it with robust 3D geological models of the large Xincheng gold deposit. The potential targeting zones are analyzed for uncertainty and then evaluated by Boolean operation in a 3D geological model using the computer-aided design platform. The research results are summarized as follows. (1) In the pre-mineralization period, the Jiaodong fault’s left lateral movement created the Jiaojia network faults and formed a fracture zone with NW- to NNW-trending dips of 20° to 40°. (2) During the mineralization period, hydrothermal flow was associated with the intrusion geometry and features. However, it was constrained by the Jiaojia fault, which blocked the vadose flow into the upper wall rock and made the hydrothermal route close to the fault in the footwall fracture zones. (3) Three gold potential targets were identified by the numerical simulation results in the study area: the NW-trending Sizhuang gold deposit, the NW-trending zone of Jiaojia gold deposit, and the NE-trending zone of the Xincheng gold deposit. (4) The numerical simulation results show the fault-and-intrusion metallogenic domain and the hydrothermal alteration zones, which reflect the main ore-controlling and ore-forming factors of mineralization. The information obtained through the numerical simulation discussed here can be used to define exploration criteria in the study area.

     

Using a Discrete Fracture Network and Spatial Point Processes to Populate Veins and Model Grade in a Coarse Gold Deposit

Vein-hosted gold deposits are characterized by mineralization, which is spatially restricted to narrow vein structures. Drillholes intersecting a mineralized vein can lead to unreliable and biased assay values compared to selective mining unit scale block grades. In this work, a discrete fracture network is simulated and adapted to model gold mineralization within the veins. Veins are assumed planar and the required inputs are distributions of vein orientation, vein length, and vein intensity (i.e., density). These inputs are collected from drillhole data, geological mapping, and expert knowledge of the deposit. A spatial point process is then applied to model gold grade as discrete events or “nuggets,” which are spatially restricted to the simulated quartz veins for the case of incomplete mineralization of the veins; when the vein is completely mineralized, a vein thickness distribution is required. The methodology is applied to an epithermal gold deposit in northwestern British Columbia, Canada and shows improvement in restricting the influence of the high-grade gold samples without resorting to ad-hoc manipulation of input assays through capping or cutting. The final output of this methodology is a block model of gold grade, which better honors the spatial structure of the veins in the deposit and is suitable for use in mine planning or resource estimation.     

Economic-Geological Estimation of Gold and Ore Deposits Using Information-Analytical System for the Selection of Analogues

The computer system is developed for evaluation of gold deposits over the world using data collected by experts in the field of gold deposit geology. With the system in use, gold object of interest can be described on the basis of selected groups of tags. The similarity of the considered object to an object from the database is estimated by designed algorithms on the basis of available information characterizing the considered object. These algorithms allow to apply mathematical methods for analysis of the problem what improves quality and reliability of the results. By the method of analogue determination, user can always evaluate unknown properties of the considered object, as for example, ore formation type, economic geological estimate of the deposit on the basis of known properties of the determined analogue.The software equipped by an intuitive graphical interface is developed with use of GIS technologies and modern methods of object-oriented programming.     

Spatial Association Between Orogenic Gold Mineralization and Structures Revealed by 3D Prospectivity Modeling: A Case Study of the Xiadian Gold Deposit,Jiaodong Peninsula,China

Natural Resources Research - The Xiadian orogenic deposit with?~?100 t of gold resources, located in the Jiaodong Peninsula, Eastern China, shows an economically attractive gold...     

Classification of mineral deposits into types using mineralogy with a probabilistic neural network

In order to determine whether it is desirable to quantify mineral-deposit models further, a test of the ability of a probabilistic neural network to classify deposits into types based on mineralogy was conducted. Presence or absence of ore and alteration mineralogy in well-typed deposits were used to train the network. To reduce the number of minerals considered, the analyzed data were restricted to minerals present in at least 20% of at least one deposit type. An advantage of this restriction is that single or rare occurrences of minerals did not dominate the results. Probabilistic neural networks can provide mathematically sound confidence measures based on Bayes theorem and are relatively insensitive to outliers. Founded on Parzen density estimation, they require no assumptions about distributions of random variables used for classification, even handling multimodal distributions. They train quickly and work as well as, or better than, multiple-layer feedforward networks. Tests were performed with a probabilistic neural network employing a Gaussian kernel and separate sigma weights for each class and each variable. The training set was reduced to the presence or absence of 58 reported minerals in eight deposit types. The training set included: 49 Cyprus massive sulfide deposits; 200 kuroko massive sulfide deposits; 59 Comstock epithermal vein gold districts; 17 quartzalunite epithermal gold deposits; 25 Creede epithermal gold deposits; 28 sedimentary-exhalative zinc-lead deposits; 28 Sado epithermal vein gold deposits; and 100 porphyry copper deposits. The most common training problem was the error of classifying about 27% of Cyprus-type deposits in the training set as kuroko. In independent tests with deposits not used in the training set, 88% of 224 kuroko massive sulfide deposits were classed correctly, 92% of 25 porphyry copper deposits, 78% of 9 Comstock epithermal gold-silver districts, and 83% of six quartzalunite epithermal gold deposits were classed correctly. Across all deposit types, 88% of deposits in the validation dataset were correctly classed. Misclassifications were most common if a deposit was characterized by only a few minerals, e.g., pyrite, chalcopyrite,and sphalerite. The success rate jumped to 98% correctly classed deposits when just two rock types were added. Such a high success rate of the probabilistic neural network suggests that not only should this preliminary test be expanded to include other deposit types, but that other deposit features should be added     

Zonation in primary halos and geochemical prospecting pattern for the Guilaizhuang gold deposit, eastern China

The Guilaizhuang gold deposit, with an average grade of 8.10 g/t Au and reserves of over 30 mt, is a subvolcanic epithermal deposit. The deposit is hosted in Paleozoic carbonate rocks in the western Shandong metallogenic terrane of the littorine Pacific metallogenic domain, eastern China, and is associated spatially with an early Mesozoic subvolcanic alkalic intrusive complex (188–190 Ma). The orebody was discovered at the end of the 1980s based on anomalies of Au in stream sediment samples at a map scale of 1∶200,000. The ore is rich in Au, Ag, Te, V, F, As, Sb, Tl, W, and Mo but poor in Cu, Pb, and Zn. The ore is similar in its trace elements to Carlin-type Au deposits. The transverse element association zonation of the deposit is as follows: (on the hanging wall) F⟸ W−Mo−As−Tl⟸Se−Sb−Bi⟸Au−Ag−Te (orebody) ⟹ Se−Sb−Bi (on the foot wall). The axial zonation is as follows: Au⟹Ag⟹Sb⟹V⟹Zn ⟹W⟹F⟹Mo⟹Tl⟹As. Indexes such as (Au+Sb) _d / (As+Tl) _d and (Au+ Ag) _d /(As+Tl) _d decrease with depth but dramatically increase at the level where the orebody pinches out, which indicates another orebody might exist at depth. Multivariate statistical analysis suggests that the ore (halo)-forming process can be divided into two stages: alteration and mineralization. The former includes: potash feldsparization, albitization, silicification, and fluoritization. The latter includes the following substages: arsenopyritization and scheelitization; pyritization, chalcopyritization, and sphaleritization; and native gold, electrum, and calaveritization. The last substage is considered to be the main ore-forming stage in the formation of the deposit.     

察尔汗盐湖钾盐矿床与晶间卤水分异的关系

通过钾盐矿床与晶间卤水分异特征及成因的分析对比，认为晶间卤水分异的过程也就是钾盐矿床形成的过程。胶结浸染状固体矿形成于晶间卤水分异初期的浓缩阶段，改造于分异后期的淡化阶段；晶间卤水矿和层状固体矿形成于淡化阶段。