论旅游接待地社会文化的“仆从化”趋势与对策

旅游接待地的社会文化是旅游活动产生的诱因与支持力。但目前许多旅游接待地的社会文化均受到不同程度的侵害，表现出对旅游客源地的社会文化和旅游接待地的经济发展的“仆从化”趋势。本文在剖析其趋势形成原因的基础上，指出保护旅游接待地文化对旅游的可持续发展尤为迫切和重要，并试图探索一条使旅游与社会文化发展双赢的道路。     

旅游发展对县域经济的拉动效应分析——以广东第一"旅游强县"清新县为例

以广东第一"旅游强县"清新县为例,阐述旅游发展对清新县域经济的拉动效应,认为发展旅游休闲业是县域经济发展的出路之一.从经济效益方面看,可直接促进县域经济发展,扩大旅游乘数效应;从经济结构方面看,旅游发展可直接推动县域经济结构转型;从综合效益方面看,旅游发展还可促进生态环境保护与社会文化发展.最后,提出了"经旅互动"发展模式.     

基于"鄂西圈"背景的宜昌城市旅游发展研究

区域旅游战略的实施对中心城市旅游的发展具有重大意义.通过与桂林和张家界的比较,指出宜昌城市旅游发展存在的主要问题;认为湖北省鄂西生态文化旅游圈战略的实施有助于消除旅游交通瓶颈,加快配套设施建设,加大项目投资力度,加强旅游市场运作,促进旅游管理体制改革.宜昌城市旅游发展需要不断完善城市功能,打造旅游精品,加快交通建设,创新节庆活动.其中,建设游憩商务区,营造城市滨水区,打造中心旅游区和升级"两坝一峡"旅游产业带,实施生态文化旅游精品战略,是促进宜昌城市旅游发展的关键.     

基于"五缘"优势的闽台旅游资源整合开发研究

闽台旅游合作具有重大的政治意义、经济意义和文化意义.对旅游资源进行整合开发是闽台区域旅游合作的前提和基础.以闽台"五缘"优势为基础,分析了闽台旅游资源的现状.将"五缘"优势融合到旅游资源的整合开发中,提出了闽台旅游资源整合的"三力"整合模型:以血缘、商缘为内动力,明确闽台两地的相对旅游资源优势,开发出适销对路的旅游产品,以旅游互动为闽台优势旅游资源对接的主要方式;以地缘、文缘为外扩力,实施闽台品牌旅游资源对接、黄金旅游线路组合与策划及"海峡旅游"品牌共推的策略;以法缘为保障力,提出闽台旅游资源整合所需的保障措施,并对这些措施进行了探讨.     

山东省旅游经济差异及旅游空间结构构建

以17地市为研究单元,运用加权变异系数、基尼系数、泰尔指数等方法分析了山东省2000-2007年旅游经济差异的时空演变,并对旅游经济差异进行了分解.研究表明:山东省旅游经济发展的空间差异较大,但有缩小的趋势;国际旅游区域差异大于国内旅游区域差异,三大地区差异呈现出不同的特点.构建了"两核、两带和四区"的旅游空间结构,并提出了促进山东旅游空间结构形成的举措:加快培育青岛和济南两大旅游核心城市,打造黄金海岸和山水圣人旅游发展带,构筑大运河和水浒文化、沂蒙红色文化与生态旅游区、黄河三角洲自然生态旅游区、齐文化旅游"四大旅游区"的旅游空间结构,有助于实现三大区域旅游经济的相对均衡协调发展和旅游产业竞争力水平的整体提升.     

基于仪式展演理论的景颇族“目瑙纵歌”旅游化探析

仪式是各种社会性活动的总称,也可作为单个活动的特指。民族节日是民族文化的重要载体与活动形式,因而是一种民族仪式。仪式具有象征性,"目瑙纵歌"是景颇族最盛大的节日,是一个充满了众多文化符号的象征系统。该仪式受到政府、市场的双重推动,正面临旅游化的趋势。针对"目瑙纵歌"当前旅游化趋势的现实,用西方仪式展演理论进行本土化研究,就景颇族"目瑙纵歌"的旅游化原则、方式进行初探,构建科学合理的展演模式,以更好地促进节日文化在旅游环境下的传承与保护,同时满足旅游者的文化体验需求,具有重要的理论与现实意义。     

旅游社会—生态系统的运行机制——以西安市上王村为例

乡村旅游人地关系研究迫切需要新的视角。将乡村视作以旅游发展为基础的局域社会—生态系统,认为其本质是将乡村自然环境、社会经济和旅游发展联接起来,构建一种"全景式"审视村域人地关系的分析框架。借鉴社会—生态系统的相关理论,以陕西秦岭北麓上王村为例,构建乡村旅游社会—生态系统模型,通过实地调查和访谈获取数据,以游客分类为基础,辨识了乡村旅游社会—生态系统获得稳态的关键变量,分析系统内部运行的动力机制。主要结论:1划分出生态旅游者和大众旅游者,通过识别不同游客的旅游偏好,结合生态系统商品与服务的质量,以及资本变量,构建旅游社会—生态系统的四维模型,理清指标的关键变量。2通过模型计算,得到维持系统稳态的阈值(退化系数)ω在0.2587~0.3605之间,各子系统的关键变量包括与生态旅游者相关的"娱乐方式"、"景区内部道路完善性"、"景区旅游接待设施的完善"和"人类是世界的主宰",与大众旅游者相关的"便宜的住宿"、"人类需要和环境和谐共处"和"景区旅游接待设施的完善",与环境相关的"发展旅游的条件",与资本相关的"景区基础设施的退化程度"。3景区管理者在政策制定方面,应根据游客行为的特征和反馈,做出调整和改变,以应对和减缓当地社会—生态系统的负面影响,促进乡村旅游发展的"可持续性"。     

湖南凤凰"南方长城之旅"的开发设计

以"南方长城之旅"为主题对凤凰旅游的形象进行了明确定位,以民族文化的分合为线索对凤凰人文旅游资源进行有机整合,在此基础将凤凰的民族文化景观划分成3大区:民族文化分界区、民族文化分离区、民族文化融合区,提出了旅游产品组合开发的新方案.     

闽东畲族旅游"文化圈"的重建构想

闽东是全国畲族人口最多的聚居地,民族色彩浓郁,但民族文化旅游开发建设却明显滞后,畲族文化旅游应成为闽东可持续旅游业的基础.为此,本文提出关注畲族旅游"文化圈"的建设意义和重建构想.     

山区现代化与文化旅游发展初步研究——以川中丘陵区为例

经济全球化一方面加速山区的边缘化趋势,另一方面通过促进文化产业、文化旅游的全球性快速增长为文化资源丰富的山区提供发展机会.以川中丘陵区为研究区,探讨了现代化与文化旅游的作用关系.川中丘陵区在过去几年中国经济快速增长的背景下,地方生产总值保持14.8%的高年均增长速度,而现代化水平依然处于第一次现代化的起步期;与人口稀疏山区相比,人口稠密的川中丘陵区文化旅游资源比较优势更为突出,文化旅游的优先地位更为明显,但是研究区的实践表明,山区文化旅游发展并没有显现发达社会的理想状态.研究区经过20多年的发展,文化旅游的高端特征并不明显,总体处于旅游发展的初期,对地区现代化进程有一定的积极作用,但影响非常有限,对文化旅游特点和规律认识不足可能是重要原因之一.在全球化趋势为山区文化旅游提供发展机遇的同时,也对文化旅游发展提出挑战.为此,简要提出相应的应对策略.     

Reconstructing the development of the geosystems of the Primorsky Range during the latter half of the Holocene

We examine the sequence of changes in the structure of the geosystems of the Primorsky Range (Baikal region) for the last 6000 years, based on a continuous recording of fluctuations of the vegetation reconstructed from spore-pollen complexes of a high peat bog. We determined the chronological timeframe of paleogeographical events. The study showed that there occurred a radical structure transformation of the geosystems in the mid-late Holocene, along with a recurrence of similar landscape transformations caused by the instability of natural conditions.     

On the origin of the seismic anisotropy of the lithosphere

Summary. It is known that flow in the mantle can produce preferred orientation in olivine crystals with seismic anisotropy as a consequence. Flow in the subcrustal lithosphere is unlikely because of the high viscosity. Lenses of high temperature and low-viscosity ( anomalous mantle ) are located under the crust in many tectonically active regions, and viscous flow can easily arise in such material resulting in seismic anisotropy. After cooling, such anomalous mantle acquires high viscosity and becomes incorporated into the lithospheric layer preserving the anisotropy produced by the flows which existed previously. The interaction of the stresses with cracks in the upper crust can be one of the causes of anisotropy in this layer.     

对沙漠化农田能转化效率及潜力的分析

我国北方东起黑龙江省嫩江地区, 吉林白城地区及辽宁西部, 包括内蒙兴安盟东南、哲里木、昭乌达、锡林郭勒、乌兰察布、伊克昭等盟的大部地区, 直至河北坝上、陕西榆林北部约26.7万平方公里的幅员范围内, 由于自然条件的特殊性(地表组成物质质地松散、沙粒成分比重很大及气候干旱、多大风, 且年内季风与周期性干旱相吻合), 加上人类不合理开发活动的影响, 成为我国目前沙漠化发展最活跃的地区, 其沙漠化土地近16.5万平方公里, 占全区总面积的61.5%。该地区有较长的经济开发史, 农、牧业相互影响, 交错分布的情况, 在历史上业已形成。据粗略统计, 该区范围内, 有旱作耕地近5, 000万亩, 多以传统的粗放的撂荒种植制进行经营, 长年遭受不同程度的风沙危害, 属于生产水平较为低下的农田类型。这些农田急待整治, 以便提高生产力。由于本区年均降水量在350-450毫米之间, 客观上具有发展旱作农业的可能性。如能合理经营、科学利用其自然资源, 将可能发展成为农、牧业结合的发达地区。从而对我国北方地区农业发展起促进作用。为了深化对沙漠化农田的认识, 揭示其生态失调的实质, 本文将就生态系统观点对其进行分析以寻求有效的整治沙漠化农田的途径。     

Direct determination of the characteristics of the currents responsible for the geomagnetic anomaly of the Rhinegraben

Summary. Previous geomagnetic measurements in the Rhinegraben have led us to assume that the responsible currents have the properties of direct currents and that they all flow in the sediments filling the graben. In order to verify these conclusions, we have performed measurements in a mine at a depth of 650 m. By comparing the field simultaneously recorded at the surface, in the mine and at the reference station, it is possible to deduce that the anomalous currents have the above mentioned properties.     

城市化的开发区模式研究

我国许多城市通过开发区建设,在短时间内完成了产业和人口的集聚,实现了城市地域空间和人口规模的跳跃性增长和产业结构的转型。由于在这种城市空间增长过程中,开发区建设起了决定作用,因此,这种以开发区带动整个地区城市化的方式可称为"开发区模式"。开发区驱动城市化的机制表现在开发区自身区域的城市化和开发区带动周围农村地区城市化两个层面,并具有快速跳跃性、外驱性和不稳定性、人为性、经济增长模式的单一性和基础设施建设的高标准性等特征。针对开发区建设中出现的问题,提出了促进其健康发展的建议。     

Transformation of the vegetation cover in the zone of air emissions from the enterprises of the city of Norilsk

The influence of air emissions from the enterprises of the city of Norilsk on the vegetation cover of adjacent territories was revealed. The categories of resistance of some plant species and communities to technogenic loads have been ascertained. The protective role of overmoistening of habitats was observed for plants.     

Chemical composition of waters and the phytoplankton of the lakes within the delta of the Selenga river

Field observations showed that the characteristics of chemical composition of waters and the development of plankton algae in the lakes within the delta of the Selenga river are determined by their flowage. The most open Lake Nekipelovskoe communicates with the Selenga outlets throughout a year, and Lake Zavernyaikha only at the period of an open channel. Lake Semenovskoe and Lake Khlystov Zaton are located in the islands and are isolated from the outlets. According to composition of main ions, the lakes under investigation refer to the hydrocarbonate class, the calcium group. The sum of ions in the water of Lake Nekipelovskoe approaches the one in the Selenga (86?221 mg/dm³), and the highest sums of ions were recorded in the wintertime in the lakes isolated from the outlets (446?743 mg/dm³). The lakes of the delta are characterized by a high trophicity. The maximum concentrations of total phosphorus in Lake Nekipelovskoe and Lake Zavernyaikha were 68 and 122 μg mg/dm³, and in Lake Semenovskoe and Lake Khlystov Zaton ?0.8 and ?0.63 μg mg/dm³, respectively. The most intense development of algae is observed in Lake Zavernyaikha, which is due to the high population of Baikal endemics. Lake Zavernyaikha showed a close negative correlation between the concentration of NO ₃ ^? , mineral phosphorus and phytoplankton biomass; the correlation coefficient was ?0.8 and ?0.63, respectively. The lakes exhibited increased contents readily hydrolysable organic matter, and a decrease in dissolved oxygen concentration in winter; hydrogen sulfide was repeatedly recorded in Lake Khlystov Zaton. The water quality in the lakes during the springtime varies from “quite clean” to “weakly polluted”; at low-water periods, especially in winters, it can drop to the category of “exceedingly dirty”. The water quality of the Selenga can be influenced by the lakes during spring floods when material accumulated during the wintertime is transported to the river outlets and further to Lake Baikal.