Rock mass rating and Kinematic analysis for slope stability investigation of Utari dam,Lalitpur district,Uttar Pradesh

Rock mass characterization of Utari dam in Lalitpur district of Uttar Pradesh was done to identify different stability classes of rock mass. For better stability of Utari dam, foundation conditions were carefully studied by detailed field investigations of the site supplemented by laboratory tests. During feasibility and preliminary stages, rock mass characterization of slopes was conducted to identify the vulnerable zones of failure. Rock mass characterization was done by compilation of information obtained from intact rock as well as from rock mass to determine its grade and long term slope stability of the site. On the basis of Rock Mass Rating (RMR) and Geological Strength Index (GSI) slope stability is identified which lies under good quality rock mass. Kinematic analysis was conducted to find out the probability for different types of structurally controlled slope failure. Microscopic analyses were conducted to identify the degree of chemical alteration of feldspar. Clay formation by sericitization along joint planes is harmful for the stability of dam structure. Remedial measures must be taken to reduce the extent of chemical alteration. Granitoids at dam site forms a compact and stable foundation consisting of four sets of joints in which two sets were prominent which are dipping on the upstream side of the dam which reveals good condition on the dam site as leakage from reservoir will be minimum and least up-thrust on the dam structure.     

喜河水电站坝址区缓倾角结构面综合分析研究

喜河水电站坝型为混凝土重力坝,重力坝对地基岩体的抗剪强度有较高的要求。前期勘查成果表明喜河水电站坝址区存在较多的缓倾角结构面,缓倾角结构面的存在是影响坝基抗滑稳定的关键,因此要对坝基作出抗滑稳定性评价。首先要研究坝址区缓倾角结构面的分布规律及连通情况,通过对坝址区缓倾角结构面的综合分析研究提出合理的坝基岩体的综合抗剪强度。     

小湾水电站坝基卸荷岩体抗剪特性研究

通过对小湾水电站松弛岩体抗剪特性以及更深入的现场和室内多种试验研究,以更细致深入的评价松弛岩体结构面的变形破坏机理及抗剪强度参数,为后续评价坝基固结灌浆效果以及复核拱坝坝基开挖和地基处理设计方案提供可靠的依据。     

Engineering geological assessment of the proposed Uru Dam, Turkey

This paper describes the results of the engineering geological investigations and rock mechanics studies carried out at the proposed Uru Dam site. Analyses were carried out in terms of rock mass classifications for diversion tunnel, kinematic analysis of excavation slopes, permeability of the dam foundation and determination of rock mass strength parameters.Uru Dam is a rock-filled dam with upstream concrete slab. The dam will be built on the Suveri River in the central part of Turkey. The foundation rocks are volcanic rocks, which consist of andesite, basalt and tuff of Neogene Age. Studies were carried out both at the field and the laboratory. Field studies include engineering geological mapping, intensive discontinuity surveying, core drilling, pressurized water tests and sampling for laboratory testing.Uniaxial, triaxial and tensile strength tests were performed and deformation parameters, unit weight and porosity were determined on the intact rock specimens in the laboratory. Rock mass strength and modulus of elasticity of rock mass are determined using the Hoek–Brown empirical strength criterion. Rock mass classifications have been performed according to RMR and Q systems for the diversion tunnel.Engineering geological assessment of the proposed dam and reservoir area indicated that there will be no foundation stability problems. Detailed geotechnical investigations are required for the final design of the dam.     

某水电站坝肩随机块体稳定系数敏感性影响分析

针对复杂的地质条件,运用三维极限平衡法对某水电站坝肩随机块体的稳定性进行分析,并研究了块体稳定系数Fs的敏感性影响因子。通过敏感性计算,确定了结构面抗剪强度参数(包括粘聚力C、抗剪断摩擦系数f)和结构面产状(包括倾向和倾角)两组主要影响因子,分析了以上影响因子与Fs的变化规律。根据主要影响因子的变化规律比较,得出结构面产状是影响随机块体稳定性主导因素的结论。敏感性影响因子的变化规律分析,为坝肩抗滑设计和治理提供了一定的理论依据。     

柱状节理坝基岩体三维各向异性数值分析

在分析柱状节理不连续性和各向异性的工程特性基础上,对某拱坝及坝基的柱状节理岩体进行三维数值模拟分析。考虑河谷初始地应力场和岩体各向异性力学性质,采用各向同性本构和各向异性弹塑性本构进行对比分析。计算表明,坝基柱状节理岩体各向异性特性对工程整体应力、变形的影响比较明显,采用各向异性弹塑性模型计算更能反映柱状节理的特殊性。其结果为该坝区岩体工程各向异性力学分析提供了示例。     

堆石坝地震响应和地基液化分析

利用冶勒大坝已经获得的强震监测资料进行大坝坝体及覆盖层动力参数反演,采用三维非线性有限元动力分析方法,分析冶勒大坝在其已经遭遇的最大地震,即4级地震作用下的坝体动力加速度状况,并根据计算结果判别坝基覆盖层的液化情况,进而对冶勒大坝在所遭受的4级地震下的抗震安全性作出评价。其中坝体堆石料及覆盖层砂粒料静力计算时采用邓肯E-B模型,动力计算是采用Hardin模型,地震响应分析采用等价线性法。     

基于界面元法的向家坝重力坝深层抗滑稳定分析

重力坝的深层抗滑稳定分析多采用刚体极限平衡分析方法和非线性有限元法,但通常的刚体极限平衡法不能反映坝基岩体渐近失稳过程和破坏的力学机制,非线性有限元法则难以解决坝基中软弱结构面位移不连续问题。结合向家坝工程,建立了泄④坝段的计算模型,采用界面元法进行了大坝深层抗滑稳定分析,给出了坝基中破坏区的范围和分布,以及坝基的渐进破坏过程和可能滑体的抗滑稳定安全系数等成果,为坝基处理措施提供了重要的技术参考依据。研究结果表明,所建立的分析方法可以自然描述坝基岩体各种介质的错动、张开和滑移等不连续变形的特征,可用于重力坝坝基的深层抗滑稳定 分析。     

百色水利枢纽主要工程地质问题及施工处理

百色水利枢纽属高坝大库,大坝及地下厂房主要洞室均建在地质条件复杂、厚度单薄的辉绿岩岩脉上,岩体完整性较差,其上、下盘接触蚀变带风化深,强度低,河床顺河发育有一条规模较大的F6断层,消力池地基极不均匀,风化夹层深厚,存在很多工程地质问题。在施工过程中,根据不同地质问题和建筑物对地基的要求,对上、下盘接触蚀变带采取了深层固结灌浆处理,对F6断层采取了深挖回填混凝土和加强帷幕灌浆处理,对消力池采取了加厚底板、固结灌浆和锚固处理,对地下厂房浅埋洞段和单薄岩墙所出现的塑性变形区采取了张拉锚杆和锚索加固。通过处理,整个工程运行正常,坝基及洞室变形、应力、渗压等观测资料均在设计范围之内。     

水布垭水电站坝基岩体地质模型研究

围绕水布垭水电站坝基地质模型研究 ,开展了工程地质调查、岩石力学室内外测试和试验和工程应用的研究。在大量野外工作及理论分析的基础上 ,详细研究了水布垭水电站工程地质岩组 ,地质构造规律及坝基岩体地应力和水文地质条件 ,建立了坝基岩体的概化地质结构模型。开展了针对坝基基本地质模型单元的岩体质量评价 ,提出了坝基基本地质模型单元的岩体力学参数     

Study on Rock Bolt Reinforcement for a Gravity Dam Foundation

In this article, the rock bolt reinforcement mechanism is discussed, and the gravity method as well as the finite element method for the bolted rock is presented. These methods are applied to study the gravity dam foundation of the Xiaoxi Hydropower Project, which is influenced by the presence of a large fault with a cracked zone over 180 m wide. Rock bolt reinforcement was used to improve the stability of the dam foundation, and the reinforcement parameters were determined from a semi-empirical equation controlled by in situ test. The stability analysis was conducted using the above methods, and the improvement in terms of deformation and stress as well as stability of the dam foundation due to the reinforcement is assessed. Rock bolt reinforcement was completed successfully, and the dam started normal operations in January 2008.     

拱坝-坝肩三维可视化建模和稳定性分析

拱坝是一种很重要的坝型,具有体型优美、投资省等优点,但是其对坝肩岩体要求很高,因此,为了了解拱坝-坝肩整体安全性状,采用FLAC大变形软件对拱坝-坝肩稳定性进行了三维研究分析。由于FLAC软件前处理有所欠缺,因此采用AUTOCAD和ANSYS联合进行三维地质可视化建模,AUTOCAD用于基本数据信息的处理,ANSYS对基本数据信息进行再加工得到单元模型,然后把单元模型转入到FLAC做数值计算。通过计算分析,得出了有益的结论。     

石佛寺水库主坝坝基液化分析与防治

运用标贯法和seed简化方法对坝基的抗震液化进行了分析判别,发现坝基中粉砂和细砂层存在严重液化问题,中砂层局部存在液化问题,液化深度一般为7～9m,最大液化深度可达13.2m。依据坝坡稳定分析结果,确定上、下游坝脚内15m,坝脚外5m为坝基液化处理范围,粉砂、细砂层为主要处理地层。在实际防治工作中,采用振冲碎（砂）石桩或振动沉管砂石桩,结合水平排水对坝基的地震液化进行处理。处理后对各区砂土层的密实度及饱和砂土的地震液化进行检验,结果表明处理厚的坝基基本上达到了基础处理的目的。     

Geotechnical Engineering Assessment of the Nargesi Damsite, Southwest Iran

This paper describes the results of the engineering geological investigations and geotechnical studies performed in the Nargesi dam site. The dam foundation located on the sedimentary rocks of Neogen period. To conduct this study, the steps including field and laboratory investigations, surface discontinuity surveying, drilled borehole data, and permeability were performed on dam foundation. Besides, the evaluation of the dam foundation was carried out by water pressure tests, which indicate the necessity of creating a grout curtain below the dam foundation. The permeability and groutability characteristics of the Nargesi dam foundation are significantly affected by geology of the site. The rock mass properties of the test section obtained from secondary permeability index (SPI) completed with the degree of jointing of the drill core acts as a useful reference for ground treatment design. Here, the performed laboratory tests were as: determination of density, moisture percent, porosity percent, water absorption, uniaxial compressive strength, Point-load strength index (Is50), p-wave velocity (Cp), s-wave velocity (Cs), deformability, and triaxial tests. The rock mass properties and classifications of the damsite is assessed using rock mass rating, the rock quality (Q), and the geological strength index classification systems. The strength and modulus elasticity of rock masses were determined through the equations proposed by different researchers. According to the findings of this work, except for some cases, there is a reasonable correlation between SPI and rock quality designation values. Based on these results, grout type and composition was suggested for the design of grout curtain.     

基于分项系数法的重力坝深层抗滑稳定分析

针对基于有限元法的重力坝深层抗滑稳定分析问题,根据工程实际中软弱结构面上的抗剪断摩擦系数和凝聚力变异性不同的特点,在计算中引入滑动面上抗剪断强度参数的分项系数,提出了一种新的应用于重力坝抗滑稳定的有限元计算方法--分项系数有限元法。该方法基于可靠度思想,以达到用极限承载状态时的强度储备系数或超载系数来表征大坝安全度。在已有研究成果的基础上,从坝基渐进破坏过程和破坏机理的角度进一步探讨了非线性有限元法应用于深层抗滑分析应注意的几个关键问题,以及基于分项系数法的深层抗滑稳定分析的安全系数控制标准。研究结果表明,滑动面上的应力分布性态和坝基岩体变形特性对抗滑稳定安全系数有重要影响。与常规刚体极限平衡方法的控制标准相比,分项系数有限元方法可以采用偏低一点的安全系数标准。     

Investigation of the Geological and Geotechnical Characteristics of Daroongar Dam,Northeast Iran

This paper discusses the results of the engineering geological and geotechnical investigations that have been carried out at the Daroongar dam site. According to the geomorphology and geological conditions and economic reason, the dam has been designed as an earth dam with a clay core. The dam foundation is composed of a sequence of sandy limestone and limy marl of the Upper Cretaceous period. This study is based on field and laboratory investigations, surface discontinuity surveying, drilled borehole data and permeability of dam foundation. The present studies include the evaluation of the dam foundation by water pressure tests. The water pressure tests indicate the necessity to provide a grout curtain below the dam foundation.The geology of the Daroongar dam foundation has a significant influence on the permeability and groutability characteristics. The permeability of jointed rock masses is strongly depended on joint characteristics; degree of jointing, opening, continuity and presence of filling materials. The laboratory tests included tests for unit weight, porosity, uniaxial, triaxial, tensile strength and deformation parameters. The strength and modulus of elasticity of rock masses were determined using the Hoek–Brown empirical strength criterion. The rock mass qualities and classifications of the dam site is assigned using the rock mass rating (RMR), the rock quality (Q) and the geological strength index (GSI) classification systems.     

金沙江某高拱坝坝肩变形稳定计算分析

为了论证和评价金沙江拟建某水电站高拱坝坝肩岩体的变形稳定性,应用有限差分程序FLAC3D对坝肩岩体在天然状态和荷载后的应力、变形和破坏的发展特征模拟研究,分析了坝肩岩体在正常工程荷载下的变形特征及超载状态下变形破坏特征,结果表明坝肩岩体在正常工程荷载下处于稳定状态,得到了坝肩岩体在超载条件下的变形破坏机制,并评价了坝肩岩体的整体稳定安全度和超载能力.     

沙坡头水利枢纽工程坝基岩体抗剪参数的试验研究

黄河沙坡头水利枢纽是以灌溉、发电为主的综合水利工程,坝基岩体为碳质页岩、灰质泥岩和杂色泥岩,岩体较疏松,裂隙发育,对此进行了坝基岩体现场大、中型剪力试验。获得了岩体的抗剪(断)参数,为设计提供了可靠的成果。     

基于Bayes融合理论的某坝段帷幕体防渗效果评价

坝基帷幕体的防渗性能及其时效可由传感器采集到的地下水宏观动态反映出来,而在异类多个传感器数据融合的过程中,常常出现各个评价指标不一致的现象。为消除这种现象,采用Bayes融合方法,首先验证各个传感器的可靠程度,确立正确的关系矩阵,然后将各传感器的可靠程度模糊化,进而给出各传感器的综合支持程度指标,最后给出融合结果。将其应用于某坝13坝段帷幕体防渗效果分析,结果较为符合规律。经分析知,2003－2008年间帷幕体防渗效果呈现了阶段性衰减,其中2005年和2008年为该坝段帷幕体防渗性能的相对明显衰减时期。建议加强监测,为必要时采取工程措施提供依据。