新疆北山地区漩涡岭镁铁质—超镁铁质层状岩体岩石学与矿物学研究

位于新疆北山地区的漩涡岭岩体是一堆晶层理发育的镁铁质-超镁铁质层状岩体。岩石类型主要有纯橄岩、橄长岩、橄榄辉长岩和辉长岩等。主要的造岩矿物有橄榄石、辉石、斜长石、铬尖晶石,岩相学特征表明岩浆在演化过程中经历了橄榄石、尖晶石、斜长石、斜方辉石和单斜辉石的分离结晶,结晶次序依次为橄榄石+尖晶石→斜长石→辉石,表明结晶时压力较低。漩涡岭岩体的纯橄岩中橄榄石的Fo高达90.1,这不同于新疆北部黄山岩带、喀拉通克岩体群以及甘肃金川岩体的橄榄石Fo组成,利用橄榄石最高Fo值估算得到漩涡岭岩体的母岩浆的Mg#为0.73~0.75,岩浆的液相线温度高达1330~1350℃,其岩浆为高温高Mg的苦橄质岩浆,这为塔里木东北部二叠纪地幔柱活动提供了新的证据。     

阿拉斯加型岩体的基本特征、成岩过程及成矿作用

阿拉斯加型岩体是一类具有独特的岩性环带状结构的镁铁-超镁铁质侵入体,常呈链状分布于汇聚板块边缘。其形成时代跨度较大,从元古代到新生代均有分布,以中生代最为发育。大部分阿拉斯加型岩体规模较小,出露面积约12～14 km~2或更小,平面上呈近似同心环状结构,垂直剖面上呈管道状。岩体中心为纯橄岩,向外依次包括异剥橄榄岩、橄榄单斜辉石岩、单斜辉石岩、角闪单斜辉石岩、角闪石岩和辉长岩。造岩矿物为橄榄石、单斜辉石、角闪石等,副矿物为铬铁矿、磁铁矿、钛铁矿等,超镁铁质岩石中少或无斜方辉石,斜长石仅出现在边缘的辉长质岩石中。磁铁矿在单斜辉石岩和角闪石岩中为常见矿物,含量最高达15%～20%。阿拉斯加型岩体的主量元素成分揭示所有岩石均为与拉斑玄武质岩浆分异有关的亚碱性堆晶岩。微量元素成分上显示平坦的稀土元素配分型式和较低的微量元素含量,且富集大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素。矿物化学特征上,橄榄石富镁且Fo值变化较大;单斜辉石主要为富Ca的透辉石,其成分变化具有弧堆晶趋势;角闪石主要是镁角闪石和韭角闪石;铬铁矿富集Fe-Al,贫Cr。这些特征揭示,该类岩体成因明显不同于层状岩体和阿尔卑斯型岩体。综合岩石学、矿物学和地球化学分析表明,阿拉斯加型岩体形成于与板块俯冲作用有关的岛弧或者活动大陆边缘背景下,其母岩浆为受到熔/流体交代的地幔楔部分熔融产生的含水玄武质岩浆。各岩相为未受明显地壳混染的同源母岩浆在地壳深度结晶分异的产物。阿拉斯加型岩体的岩浆体系具有含水且高氧逸度的特征,其通常为铂族元素和铬铁矿矿床的重要载体,无或少铜镍矿化。     

云南香格里拉县洛吉蛇绿混杂岩中单斜辉石的矿物学特征

提要：洛吉蛇绿混杂岩分布于云南香格里拉县,由镁铁质—超镁铁质堆晶岩块、辉长-辉绿岩墙群、玄武岩及条带状硅质岩等以构造混杂方式产出。岩相学研究发现其中堆晶岩块与玄武岩中单斜辉石具有相似性,矿物化学成分研究表明洛吉蛇绿混杂岩单斜辉石种属为富镁贫铁和高钙的普通辉石,其母岩浆属亚碱性系列的拉斑玄武岩浆,辉石晶体中阳离子取代特征显示其形成于高温低压的条件,辉石形成温度为986~1118 ℃,压力为0.18~0.22 GPa,结合矿物成分和演化特征,认为该套混杂岩为甘孜—理塘蛇绿岩带残余产物。     

东天山二叠纪镁铁-超镁铁质成矿岩体造岩矿物特征及其成因意义

东天山造山带与镁铁-超镁铁质岩体有关的铜镍硫化物矿床数量多,分布集中,是我国重要的铜镍成矿带之一。成矿岩体多以小岩体群形式产出,由西向东分布有白鑫滩、黄山和图拉尔根3个岩体群,大型矿床主要赋存在黄山岩体群内。本文对3个岩体群内成矿岩体的主要造岩矿物进行了系统的对比研究。成矿岩体的主要造岩矿物为贵橄榄石、古铜辉石、单斜辉石、斜长石和角闪石以及少量的铬尖晶石和金云母。橄榄石Al温度计计算结果表明,黄山岩体群内成矿岩体的母岩浆结晶温度介于1 143~1 257℃之间,略低于白鑫滩和图拉尔根岩体群(1 283~1 301℃)。单斜辉石压力计算表明成矿岩体的结晶压力相似,介于0.31~0.33 GPa之间。成矿岩体中均富含含水矿物,且单斜辉石结晶早于斜长石,指示成矿岩体的原始岩浆形成于富水环境。成矿岩体的单斜辉石具有较高的Al/Ti值,铬尖晶石和橄榄石具有与岛弧火山岩相似的矿物学特征,结合区域构造演化,认为东天山镁铁-超镁铁质成矿岩体的原始岩浆是被消减板片交代过的地幔部分熔融的产物。矿物学特征对比显示了黄山岩体群内成矿岩体更富斜方辉石和中性斜长石,且具有较低的铬尖晶石Cr~#值和橄榄石Ca含量。结合前人研究成果和相关地球化学数据,认为相对高的混染程度导致了黄山岩体群的母岩浆富SiO_2和Al_2O_3,同时降低了岩浆的结晶温度。     

东天山黄山南镁铁-超镁铁岩体的岩浆演化过程:矿物学、Sr-Nd同位素特征的指示

黄山南镁铁-超镁铁质岩体位于东天山造山带觉罗塔格构造带内,属于土墩-黄山-图拉尔根镁铁-超镁铁质岩带。本文在前人研究的基础上,从橄榄石、辉石矿物学组成和全岩Sr、Nd同位素等方面对黄山南岩体进行了分析研究,并与黄山、黄山东、香山等典型含矿岩体作了对比,旨在进一步查明黄山南岩体的岩浆源区和母岩浆性质及其岩浆演化过程。Sr-Nd同位素特征表明黄山南岩体来自一个弱亏损的地幔源区,相较黄山、黄山东、香山等岩体的源区具有更加富集的特征。黄山南岩体中的橄榄石属于贵橄榄石,斜方辉石主要为古铜辉石,少数为紫苏辉石,单斜辉石主要为顽透辉石、普通辉石和少数的透辉石。单斜辉石和橄榄石的成分特征表明形成黄山南岩体的母岩浆为演化程度较低的拉斑玄武质岩浆,且母岩浆成分具有高Mg、高Ni的特点。计算得到黄山南岩体母岩浆的Fe O~T=13.20%、MgO=16.96%、Ni=377.2×10~(-6),且母岩浆在结晶分异过程中没有经历充分的硫化物熔离作用,这也是造成母岩浆中Ni含量较高以及岩体含矿性较差的主要因素。     

钒钛磁铁矿床的透岩浆流体成矿模型——来自马达加斯加扎卡岩体的证据

目前,国内外学术界对赋存于镁铁-超镁铁杂岩体中的钒钛磁铁矿床的成因存在多种不同的解释,在一定程度上对这类矿床的资源勘查造成了困惑。因此,阐明镁铁-超镁铁侵入体中成矿物质大规模聚集的机理依然是矿床学界和勘查学界面临的重要科学前缘问题。马达加斯加中北部Alaotra湖地区的扎卡岩体是一个赋存有超大型钒钛磁铁矿床的典型镁铁质层状侵入体,已探明铁矿石远景资源量8亿t(含333),伴生钛6000万t,伴生钒230万t,为阐明钒钛磁铁矿床的成因提供了良好的条件。本文报道了扎卡岩体的地质学、矿体地质学、岩相学、矿相学和岩石地球化学特征,主要得出以下认识:(1)扎卡岩体发育韵律性火成层理,为一个典型的镁铁质层状岩体,但伟晶岩可构成独立的侵入单元;(2)矿体主要赋存在层状岩体中,可划分为整合型、不整合型和伟晶岩型等3种不同的类型;(3)辉长岩具有橄榄石→斜长石→单斜辉石或橄榄石→斜长石+单斜辉石的结晶顺序,暗示扎卡岩体为一浅成层状岩体,岩浆侵位深度约3 km;(4)矿石矿物与硅酸盐矿物呈热力学不平衡关系,且与含水暗色矿物平衡共生,暗示成矿作用发生在岩浆演化晚期的富含挥发分环境;(5)致密块状铁矿石的REE四分组效应也表明成矿过程伴随着富F、Cl等组分的流体活动。据此,本文提出扎卡岩体中钒钛磁铁矿床的形成与透岩浆流体过程有关。     

汉诺坝榴辉岩相石榴辉石岩——岩浆底侵作用新证据

汉诺坝榴辉岩相石榴辉石岩捕虏体的产状、层状堆晶构造和粒状变晶结构，以及具有幔源成因的矿物学、REE地球化学特征和温压条件表明，其深部过程是由幔源岩浆底侵于上地幔顶部，形成镁铁质堆晶岩，再经榴辉岩相变质而成，它与下地壳底部的麻粒岩相镁铁质堆晶岩，提供了岩浆底侵作用和壳－幔过渡带存在的新证据。     

层状侵入体形成过程中的AFC过程:以塔里木大火成岩省小海子岩体为例

地幔柱是地球动力学系统中重要的组成部分,不仅形成规模巨大的大火成岩省,也形成了众多和层状基性侵入体相伴生的具有经济价值的矿床类型。因其成矿类型独特(比如PGE、Cr、Ni、V、Ti),层状岩体一直受到非常广泛的关注和深入的研究;其典型的克拉通内部产出环境,也使得它们成为研究克拉通演化和壳-幔相互作用非常重要的岩石组合。大多数层状岩体是地幔岩浆多期次注入到地壳岩浆房中结晶形成,因此其母岩浆不可避免的在某种程度上与岩石圈地幔(SCLM)以及地壳发生相互作用,分离结晶-同化混染作用(AFC)对开放岩浆体系的理解非常重要。小海子侵入体主体是橄榄石-辉石堆晶岩(单辉橄榄岩),主要有堆晶橄榄石(Fo=69~75)和单斜辉石(Mg#=75~84)、粒间的斜长石(An=53~86)和Fe-Ti氧化物组成,被大量的同期岩脉所穿插。岩相学和矿物地球化学均表明橄榄石和单斜辉石早于斜长石和Fe-Ti氧化物。ZK4202钻孔顶和底两个单辉橄榄岩样品给出协和的锆石SIMS U-Pb年龄,分别为(278.8±2.1)Ma和(278.3±2.1)Ma,表明小海子单辉橄榄岩侵入体属于塔里木大火成岩省第二期岩浆活动。穿插堆晶岩的岩脉具有较低的Mg#(35~39),在成分上属于碱性玄武岩-粗面安山岩。受混染程度最小的岩脉显示轻重稀土分异、Nb-Ta富集和Pb亏损。它们具有与洋岛玄武岩(OIB)相似的微量元素特征,并且具有正的εNdi(+4.3~+4.8),暗示其来源于富集的软流圈地幔源区。单辉橄榄岩中单斜辉石具有上凸的稀土元素球粒陨石标准化模式。根据单斜辉石的微量元素计算的与其平衡的熔体微量元素组成与穿插的岩脉非常相似,暗示小海子单辉橄榄岩侵入体和岩脉来自于相似的源区。小海子单辉橄榄岩侵入体中单斜辉石和斜长石之间存在普遍的同位素不平衡现象:与单斜辉石(87Sr/86Sr8i=0.703 8~0.704 1,εNdi=+1.0~+1.9)相比,斜长石具高的7Sr/86Sri(0.704 2~0.704 3)和低的εNdi值(+0.4~+1.0)。单斜辉石的87Sr/86Sri随着Zr/Nb比值的升高而升高,εNdi随着Zr/Nb比值的升高而降低,表明小海子单辉橄榄岩侵入体形成过程中受到不同程度的同化混染。斜长石Ca含量与87Sr/86Sri呈正相关,与εNdi呈负相关,表明An牌号越高的斜长石受到的同化混染程度越大。这种现象可以用基性岩浆在紊流上升过程中混染地壳物质(ATA过程—assimilation during turbulent ascend,导致越原始的岩浆受到混染程度越大,与AFC过程截然相反)来解释。然而ATA模式不能解释单斜辉石Mg#与εNdi呈正相关:即越原始的岩浆受到混染程度越小,与ATA模式预测趋势相悖。更可能的解释是,在分离结晶过程中基性岩浆同化混染塔里木岩浆岩基底和碳酸盐物质。碳酸盐物质的加入,会导致岩浆Ca O含量升高,从而结晶出更高An牌号的斜长石,而且具有更大程度的同化混染。小海子地区侵入到石炭系—二叠系的岩脉中含有大量的单斜辉石巨晶,这些单斜辉石巨晶具有明显的溶蚀结构,其Mg#(80~89)明显高于与寄主岩脉平衡的单斜辉石的Mg#(73)。因此这些单斜辉石与寄主岩脉在结构和化学成分上不平衡,表明它们并非斑晶。这些单斜辉石巨晶和小海子钻孔单辉橄榄岩中单斜辉石的Mg#与Al2O3、Ti O2、REE等具有明显的相关性,具有相似的REE配分模式,表明它们具有成因联系。小海子岩脉中的单斜辉石巨晶为再循环晶(antecryst),是同一个岩浆房中早期结晶的单斜辉石,被后期岩脉所捕获。与单辉橄榄岩中单斜辉石相比,单斜辉石巨晶具有低的87Sr/86Sri(0.703 5~0.703 7)和高的Mg#和εNdi(4.5~4.8),可以用AFC过程来解释。对小海子辉石橄榄岩侵入体和岩脉中单斜辉石再循环晶(antecryst)系统的矿物化学、微量元素和同位素研究表明,在层状岩体形成过程中,AFC过程扮演了非常重要的角色。     

塔里木板块东北部坡一镁铁质-超镁铁质层状侵入体岩石成因

坡一侵入体位于塔里木板块东北部坡北岩体内,是该岩体第三阶段岩浆活动形成的十几个小侵入体中的一个,锆石U-Pb年龄为278±2Ma。该侵入体属于以超镁铁质岩石为主的层状岩系,堆晶结构与韵律性堆晶层理非常发育。岩浆分异充分,形成了从纯橄岩到石英闪长岩的多种岩石类型。在超镁铁质岩石中,所有的橄榄石和大部分斜方辉石是堆晶相,少量斜方辉石是填隙相,大部分单斜辉石、褐色普通角闪石和黑云母是填隙相。在镁铁质岩石中,橄榄石和斜方辉石全部是堆晶相,单斜辉石与斜长石既可以是堆晶相,也可以是填隙相;褐色普通角闪石、黑云母和石英均为填隙相。超镁铁质岩石属拉斑玄武岩系列,镁铁质岩石属钙碱性系列。侵入体中大量存在的捕掳体、微量元素地球化学、Nd-Sr同位素组成的EMⅡ型演化趋势,充分证明了同化混染作用伴随岩浆演化过程而逐渐增强,并不断促进了岩浆的分异,而且导致了岩石化学系列的转化。PGE和亲硫元素地球化学以及硫同位素组成证明,硫主要来自于岩浆,硫化物形成于岩浆阶段,岩浆未经历过早期硫化物熔离作用,硫化物熔离起始于橄榄岩相结晶的晚期阶段,并伴随着此后的岩浆演化过程而继续熔离。硫化物熔离是岩浆自身演化和同化混染共同作用的结果。橄榄石Fo分子含量和全岩FeO含量显示,原生岩浆是苦橄质岩浆;源区物质应该是石榴石辉石岩;岩浆生成于地幔柱轴部。在塔里木板块东北部还存在分别来自于软流圈和亏损型大陆岩石圈地幔的二叠纪岩浆岩,它们都应该是塔里木大火成岩省的组成部分。     

扬子地块北缘新元古代望江山层状岩体矿物成分和铂族元素特征:对岩浆演化过程和构造环境的制约

望江山层状岩体位于扬子地块北缘新元古代汉南杂岩带中,岩体从底部到顶部由超镁铁质岩过渡为中性岩:底部主要由辉石岩和橄长岩组成;中部为辉长苏长岩和辉长岩;上部为辉长岩和闪长岩。研究以中部岩相带橄榄辉长苏长岩、辉长苏长岩和辉长岩为对象,通过主要矿物的主微量元素和全岩主微量元素的分析,查明望江山岩体来源于尖晶石二辉橄榄岩组成的大陆下岩石圈地幔,并且地幔源区受到了来自俯冲板片流体的交代,岩体中部带的母岩浆为拉斑玄武质岩浆。钛铁矿—磁铁矿矿物对成分计算表明,母岩浆在形成时具有较高氧逸度。通过单斜辉石压力计得到岩体的侵位深度约为12.9~18 km。对岩体母岩浆橄榄石分离结晶过程的模拟计算表明,中部带橄榄石为母岩浆经过~28%分离结晶的产物。此外,铂族元素（PGE）组成暗示岩体并未经历过大规模的硫化物熔离,可能与缺乏地壳物质混染有关。岩体中单斜辉石与岛弧环境堆晶岩中单斜辉石成分相似,不同于裂谷环境中堆晶单斜辉石的成分;同时,全岩Th/Yb和Nb/Yb比值也与岛弧玄武岩比值相似,因此矿物和全岩成分均说明望江山层状岩体应形成于岛弧环境。研究认为扬子北缘在新元古代长期的俯冲过程中,大洋板片断离导致软流圈上涌,提供热源使交代大陆下岩石圈地幔部分熔融形成具有岛弧特征的镁铁质岩浆,在局部伸展环境中上升侵位形成汉南杂岩带中镁铁—超镁铁质层状岩体。      

New insights into precious metal enrichment on the Isle of Rum,Scotland

The Rum Layered Suite (NW Scotland) is generally regarded as one of a handful of classic examples of open‐system layered mafic‐ultramafic intrusions, or ‘fossilized’ basaltic magma chambers, world‐wide. The eastern portion of the Rum intrusion is constructed of sixteen repeated, coupled, peridotite–troctolite units. Each major cyclic unit has been linked to a major magma replenishment event, with repeated settling out of ‘crops’ of olivine and plagioclase crystals to form the cumulate rocks. However, there are variations in the lithological succession that complicate this oversimplified model, including the presence of chromitite (>60 vol. percent Cr‐spinel) seams. The ～2 mm thick chromitite seams host significant platinum‐group element (PGE) enrichment (e.g. ～2 ppm Pt) and likely formed in situ, i.e. at the crystal mush–magma interface. Given that the bulk of the world's exploited PGE come from a layered intrusion that bears remarkable structural and lithological similarities to Rum, the Bushveld Complex (South Africa), comparisons between these intrusions raise intriguing implications for precious metal mineralization in layered intrusions.     

Mineralogy,geochemistry and petrogenesis of the Khopoli mafic intrusion,Deccan Traps,India

The Khopoli intrusion, exposed at the base of the Thakurvadi Formation of the Deccan Traps in the Western Ghats, India, is composed of olivine gabbro with 50–55 % modal olivine, 20–25 % plagioclase, 10–15 % clinopyroxene, 5–10 % low-Ca pyroxene, and <5 % Fe-Ti oxides. It represents a cumulate rock from which trapped interstitial liquid was almost completely expelled. The Khopoli olivine gabbros have high MgO (23.5–26.9 wt.%), Ni (733–883 ppm) and Cr (1,432–1,048 ppm), and low concentrations of incompatible elements including the rare earth elements (REE). The compositions of the most primitive cumulus olivine and clinopyroxene indicate that the parental magma of the Khopoli intrusion was an evolved basaltic melt (Mg# 49–58). Calculated parental melt compositions in equilibrium with clinopyroxene are moderately enriched in the light REE and show many similarities with Deccan tholeiitic basalts of the Bushe, Khandala and Thakurvadi Formations. Nd-Sr isotopic compositions of Khopoli olivine gabbros (εNd_t?=??9.0 to ?12.7; ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr?=?0.7088–0.7285) indicate crustal contamination. AFC modelling suggests that the Khopoli olivine gabbros were derived from a Thakurvadi or Khandala-like basaltic melt with variable degrees of crustal contamination. Unlike the commonly alkalic, pre- and post-volcanic intrusions known in the Deccan Traps, the Khopoli intrusion provides a window to the shallow subvolcanic architecture and magmatic processes associated with the main tholeiitic flood basalt sequence. Measured true density values of the Khopoli olivine gabbros are as high as 3.06 g/cm³, and such high-level olivine-rich intrusions in flood basalt provinces can also explain geophysical observations such as high gravity anomalies and high seismic velocity crustal horizons.     

Petrology of the Treknattan intrusion in the Fongen-Hyllingen complex, Trondheim region, Norway: a late intrusion into an evolved layered complex

The basic-ultrabasic Treknattan intrusion is an important example of a late intrusion in a solidified, evolved, layered complex and sheds light on possible mechanisms by which such associations may develop. The Treknattan intrusion, emplaced into the basic Fongen-Hyllingen intrusion shortly after the latter had solidified, consists mainly of massive or weakly layered peridotite (olivine ± Cr-spinel cumulate) and troctolite (plagioclase + olivine ± Cr-spinel cumulate). The mineral compositional range partially overlaps the most primitive end of the much larger variation-interval in the Fongen-Hyllingen intrusion. The margin of the Treknattan intrusion is sometimes outlined by massive feldspathic websterite which appears to have formed by reaction between magma and melts of gabbroic country rock. The parental magma appears to have been a relatively water-rich picritic basalt with a possible genetic relationship to the magma parental to the enveloping Fongen-Hyllingen intrusion, both displaying tholeiitic relationship between olivine and Ca-poor pyroxene, and having crystallized from relatively water-rich magmas with an early crystallization order of olivine ± Cr-spinel-plagioclase-Ca-rich pyroxene. The recognition of the Treknattan intrusion as a separate body suggests that the bulk composition of the Fongen-Hyllingen intrusion is dioritic rather than gabbroic as previously thought.     

中天山白石泉镁铁-超镁铁质岩体岩石学与矿物学研究

白石泉地区镁铁一超镁铁质岩体处于塔里木板块前缘活动带与中天山地块接合部位，是中天山地块华力西中期岩浆活动的产物。主要岩石类型有辉石橄榄岩（斜方辉石橄榄岩、斜长二辉橄榄岩）、橄榄辉石岩、橄长岩、辉长岩及角闪辉长岩等，主要造岩矿物为橄榄石、斜方辉石、单斜辉石、角闪石、斜长石及黑云母。橄榄石均为贵橄榄石，其Fo值（78-85）位于含铜镍硫化物矿橄榄石的Fo值范围之内；辉石主要有顽火辉石、古铜辉石、紫苏辉石、透辉石等；斜长石的环带构造较为发育；角闪石的FeO含量随着岩浆的演化逐渐增加。它们与造山带环境中的东疆型镁铁一超镁铁杂岩中的造岩矿物具有相同的特征。这些特征表明了白石泉地区的镁铁一超镁铁质岩体的原始岩浆为高镁的拉斑玄武质岩浆。     

Contamination of mafic magma by partial melting of dolomitic xenoliths

Mg-skarns enclosed in dunite cumulates of the Neo-Proterozoic Ioko-Dovyren intrusion (northern Baikal region, Russia) can be traced to silica-poor dolomitic host rock layers. The dominant minerals of the skarns are brucite (pseudomorph after periclase), forsterite and Cr-poor spinel. Rapid heating of quartz-poor dolomitic xenoliths led to the formation of minor olivine, followed by the breakdown of dolomite to calcite and periclase. Xenoliths were partially melted upon further heating resulting in a calcite melt. This low-density melt was quantitatively squeezed out, mixed with the surrounding mafic magma and left behind periclase and olivine. This caused the crystallization of new olivine with elevated CaO contents in zones above skarn-bearing horizons. Mixing of calcite melt with the surrounding mafic magma also resulted in the crystallization of Cats-rich clinopyroxene instead of plagioclase. The mineralogy of contaminated dunite cumulates is consistent with assimilation of approximately 4wt% CaO by the Ioko-Dovyren mafic magma.     

新疆北山地区罗东镁铁质-超镁铁质层状岩体岩石成因

罗东镁铁质-超镁铁质岩体位于塔里木板块东北部的新疆北山地区,岩体平面形态为眼球状,出露面积约2.1 km2.由纯橄岩、单辉橄榄岩、斜长二辉橄榄岩、橄榄二辉岩、方辉辉石岩、橄长岩、橄榄辉长岩、辉长岩、苏长辉长岩和淡色辉长岩组成,堆晶结构和堆晶韵律发育,属于层状岩体.岩浆演化过程中主要分离结晶/堆晶相是橄榄石和单斜辉石,此...     

The petrology of the layered gabbro intrusion, eastern gabbro, Coldwell alkaline complex, Northwestern Ontario, Canada: evidence for multiple phases of intrusion in a ring dyke

The Coldwell alkaline complex is a large (> 350 km²) gabbro and syenite intrusion on the north shore of Lake Superior. It was emplaced at 1108 Ma during early magmatic activity associated with the formation of the Mid-Continent Rift of North America. The eastern gabbro forms a partial ring dyke on the outer margin of the complex and consists of at least three discrete intrusions. The largest of these is the layered gabbro that comprises a 300 m thick fine- to medium-grained basal unit overlain by up to 1100 m of variably massive to layered gabbroic cumulates which vary from olivine gabbro to anorthosite. Several xenoliths of Archaean metamorphic rocks that range in size from 10's to 100's of meters are present in the central part of the intrusion. Within discrete horizons in the layered gabbro are many centimeter- to meter-scale, gabbroic xenoliths. The main cumulus minerals, in order of crystallization, are plagioclase, olivine and clinopyroxene ± Fe-Ti oxides. Biotite and Fe-Ti-oxide are the dominant intercumulus phases. Orthopyroxene occurs not as a cumulus phase but as peritectic overgrowths on cumulus olivine. A detailed petrographic and mineral chemical study of samples from two stratigraphically controlled traverses through the layered gabbro indicates that the stratigraphy cannot be correlated along the 33 km strike of the ring dyke. Mineral compositions show both normal and reversed fractionation trends. These patterns are interpreted to record at least three separate intrusions of magma into restricted dilatant zones within the ring dyke possibly associated with ongoing caldera collapse. Calculations of parental melt composition using mineral — melt equilibria show that even the most primitive gabbros crystallized from an evolved magma with mg# of 0.42-0.49. The presence of orthopyroxene overgrowths on cumulus olivine suggests rising silica activity in the melt during crystallization and implies a subalkaline parentage for the layered gabbro.     

吉林红旗岭1号和7号岩体中含矿超镁铁质岩的矿物化学特征:对岩浆演化过程以及铜镍硫化物矿床形成机制的约束

本文对吉林红旗岭1号和7号岩体中含矿超镁铁质岩的主要造岩矿物进行了详细研究。两岩体的主要造岩矿物为贵橄榄石、古铜辉石、单斜辉石、斜长石、角闪石和金云母。岩浆的暗色矿物结晶顺序为:橄榄石→斜方辉石→单斜辉石→角闪石→黑云母,与镜下实际观察一致,是岩浆在不同深度结晶的产物。原始岩浆来自上地幔,两岩体进入高位岩浆房中的熔体的MgO含量分别13.98%和14.22%、Mg#值分别为72.22和71.05,为含水的高镁的苦橄质玄武岩浆。深部岩浆房深度距地表约26～27km,岩浆房内的结晶温度介于1280～1379℃之间,即结晶于下地壳中。岩浆由深部上升到高位(浅部)岩浆房中的过程是近绝热的,也是快速完成的。岩浆可能经历了两次岩浆房的演化过程,岩浆在上升到高位岩浆房之前,在深部曾经历了较短时间的橄榄石和少量辉石的分离结晶作用;但在高位岩浆房中混染了地壳物质,与此同时,还经历了同源岩浆混合作用以及岩浆过冷却作用,这些都有利于岩浆体系中成矿元素含量增高以及硫达到饱和状态,使金属硫化物熔离并晶出,从而使岩体发生铜镍矿化作用。     

High pressure crystallization of the Ewarara,Kalka and Gosse Pile intrusions,Giles Complex,central Australia

Evidence is presented for the primary high pressure crystallization of the Ewarara, Kalka and Gosse Pile layered intrusions which form part of the Giles Complex in central Australia. These pressures are estimated at 10 to 12 kb. The high pressure characteristics include subsolidus reactions between olivine and plagioclase, orthopyroxene and plagioclase, and orthopyroxene and spinel; spinel and rutile exsolution in both ortho- and clino-pyroxene; spinel exsolution in plagioclase; high Al₂O₃ and Cr₂O₃ contents of both ortho- and clinopyroxene; high Al^VI in clinopyroxene; dominance of orthopyroxene as an early crystallizing phase; high distribution coefficients for co-existing pyroxene pairs; and thin chilled margins. Such phenomena are rare in documented layered basic intrusions.