共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 78 毫秒
1.
定量化火成岩结构分析将传统的定性或半定量化的岩相学研究提高到了与岩石地球化学分析相比拟的定量化程度,实现了诸如晶体粒度分布、晶体空间分布、晶体定向程度分析和二面角测量等方面的定量化研究。集中介绍了以上4种国际上应用广泛的定量化火成岩结构分析方法,包括各种研究方法的基本理论公式、岩浆动力学意义和实现方式。详细介绍了定量化火成岩结构分析中处于核心地位的晶体粒度分布理论,概括了二维岩石薄片法、三维连续剖面法和X射线层析技术,在定量化火成岩结构分析中的应用原理和现状。对晶体粒度分布分析中数据的封闭性和有效性检验进行了简要论述。综合阐述了晶体成核生长,晶体的聚集、分离和分解,岩浆混合,压滤、压熔和岩浆流动,结构的调整和平衡等一些基本的岩浆动力学过程中晶体粒度分布特征的表现。结合一些已发表的晶体粒度分布和晶体空间分布数据,简要概括了重要的基本定量化火成岩结构参数所表达的封闭和开放岩浆体系的特征,以及参数间协变关系所反映的岩浆固结动力学过程。最后给出了二维岩石光薄片分析法的基本流程和注意事项,认为今后定量化火成岩结构分析和地球化学分析结合在一起的综合方法,将成为研究成岩成矿动力学过程的重要手段,也将会逐步扩展到岩浆相关矿床中成岩成矿机制分析和成矿预测的方向。 相似文献
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晶体粒度分布(CSD)是定量化分析火成岩和变质岩结构的重要手段。在变质岩中测量的CSD提供了有关变质过程中晶体成核和生长速率、生长时间的定量信息。文章选取内蒙古霍各乞二号矿床含矿富石榴石岩样品中石榴子石晶体为研究对象,在GIS软件和R语言的支持下,应用空间点模式分析、CSD分析、空间最邻近分析、空间多距离分析、Fry分析等综合方法,探讨了晶体空间数据和点空间数据表征的微结构变化特征,将CSD曲线分段变化记录的信息与地质演化历史联系起来。分段的CSD曲线记录了变质事件的叠加。不同形式的晶体粒度分布直接反映了区域变质岩与接触变质岩演化历史的差异。由于接触变质作用的高温阶段持续时间较短,因此产生的CSD曲线是线性的,不受退火的影响。而区域变质作用涉及长时间升温及其之后的冷却阶段,所以最初的线性CSD后来被退火改造为钟形曲线。含矿富石榴石岩样品的核密度和CSD分析结果显示了两个晶体群密度。分析认为一类晶体群可能与造山过程中的区域变质活动有关,另一类晶体群可能与大面积区域变质期后发生在特定位置的岩体侵入迅速升温的接触热变质事件有关。 相似文献
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火成岩的晶体群与成因矿物学展望 总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16
岩浆系统物理过程的研究进展导致了岩浆系统成熟度的概念,因而认识到火成岩中的晶体并非全部由寄主熔体晶出。本文将火成岩中的矿物晶体按其加入岩浆系统的方式划分为3种晶体群:固体晶体群、熔体晶体群和流体晶体群。固体晶体群系指呈固态加入岩浆的晶体群,包括残留晶亚群和捕虏晶亚群;熔体晶体群系指从熔体中晶出的晶体群,包括从不同深度水平岩浆房中晶出的晶体亚群(岩浆房晶体亚群)、岩浆上升途中晶出的晶体亚群(通道晶体亚群)、在岩浆系统中长期循环的晶体亚群(循环晶亚群)和岩浆侵位后晶出的晶体亚群(基质晶亚群)。流体晶体群系指从流体相晶出的晶体群,包括从超临界流体晶出的晶体亚群(超临界晶体亚群)、从气体晶出的晶体亚群(凝聚晶体亚群)和从热液晶出的晶体亚群(热液晶体亚群)。这种划分方案为火成岩成因矿物学研究打开了新的窗口,阐明不同晶体群的标型特征和形成条件是成因矿物学研究的重要任务。理论上,残留晶与原生岩浆保持热力学平衡,捕虏晶一般与岩浆不平衡,熔体晶体群在岩浆系统演化的特定阶段上与岩浆保持热力学平衡,而流体晶体群则一般不与岩浆平衡,但超临界晶体亚群可部分与岩浆平衡。各种晶体群在火成岩中的保存程度与岩浆系统的存续时间尺度和晶体吸收速率紧密相关。在快速上升和固结的岩浆系统中,所有的晶体群都有可能得到保存。相反,在缓慢上升和固结的岩浆系统中,有可能仅保留有基质晶亚群。因此,晶体群的数量和颗粒大小可以用来定性评价岩浆系统存活的时间尺度,定量化结构分析将成为成因矿物学的重要研究内容。 相似文献
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地球化学分析方法已广泛运用于火成岩成因的研究中, 但对于一些蚀变较严重的岩石, 有时仅通过地球化学分析难以还原岩浆固结的过程.火成岩定量化结构分析方法是通过对岩石中矿物的定量分析(诸如晶体粒度分布分析, 晶体空间分布分析, 以及晶体定向程度分析等), 从而反演岩浆固结过程中发生的动力学过程.这种方法很好地避免了蚀变作用对还原岩体形成过程所产生的诸多影响.本文运用火成岩定量化结构分析方法, 对新疆莫阿特茂金花岗斑岩体钻孔中10个样品的钾长石斑晶和石英斑晶分别进行分析.尽管这些样品普遍发生了碳酸盐化蚀变作用, 定性观察中结构特征也比较均一, 但是钾长石和石英斑晶的定量化结构数据及其在钻孔深度(约170 m)范围内的变化趋势显示, 茂金花岗斑岩体可能至少由4次脉冲岩浆叠加形成, 每股岩浆中心的CSD曲线小晶体缺乏, 发生了粗化现象.由于脉冲式岩浆多次注入, 导致的温度振荡加剧了矿物粗化.脉冲岩浆中心处斑晶体积含量的增加, 可能与岩浆流动过程中对大晶体的影响有关, 80 m深度以下脉冲岩浆接触带的斑晶体积含量明显增加, 是由于机械压缩导致的. 相似文献
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基于神经网络理论的工程地质数据处理与定量化分析方法初探 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
神经网络理论是近年来发展起来的一种新的数学方法,因其在处理自然界中普遍存在的高度非线性和不确定性问题有较强的能力和独到的优点而备受各学科研究者的重视。本亠 将神经理论引入工程地的南领域,并探讨了基于神经网络理论建立一套工程地质数据处理与定量化分析方法的可能性及其所应包括的主要内容。 相似文献
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火成岩的10年研究进展和未来的挑战 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
文中简要列举了近年在火成岩领域的研究进展及今后发展方向,主要涉及7个方面内容:①新元古代末期大陆裂谷火山作用与Rodinia超级联合大陆裂解;②中亚石炭纪—早二叠世大规模裂谷火山事件的深部地球动力学背景及其与古特提斯裂解和晚古生代中亚大规模成矿事件的关系;③中—新生代东亚火山作用与岩石圈巨量减薄;④新生代印度—亚洲大陆碰撞与高原隆升的火山作用响应;⑤大火成岩省和地幔柱;⑥花岗岩与地球动力学环境;⑦铁镁—超铁镁岩与蛇绿岩。提出在下一个10年里,需要继续开展岩浆成因和演变、岩浆作用和构造环境的关系,变质岩石的P—T—t轨迹,以及变质作用、岩浆作用和大地构造的关系等方面的研究;需要研究更深层次的地壳和上地幔,以了解岩浆形成和运移的过程;海洋钻探有可能取得深部地壳或上地幔的样品,大陆钻探将钻到10 km及更深;将使用地震层析来描述地壳和上地幔的结构,确定俯冲带或地幔柱的位置,以及部分熔融的分布面积,等等。此外,分析和测试等方面的高新技术的开发和运用,以及实验岩石学的发展都对岩石学领域的发展起到至关重要的作用。 相似文献
7.
沉积物粒度分析方法的比较 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
近年来激光粒度分析法在沉积物粒度分析方面的应用得到了进一步扩展。本文利用美国麦克奇公司生产的S3500型激光粒度分析仪开展沉积物粒度分析方法实验,研究表明:S3500型仪器较优的样品用量约为0.2 g;稀释过程会影响样品的粒度分布;样品分取方式会带来不同的随机误差。与薄片图像法和筛析法两种传统粒度分析方法获得的粒度分布参数比较表明:激光法测得的平均粒径较薄片图像法和筛析法偏细;激光法和筛析法的峰度相关性较好。采用Malvern 2000和Micro S3500两种激光粒度分析仪测量结果的比较表明:Malvern 2000测得的平均粒径较Micro S3500测得的平均粒径偏细,但二者的相关性很好(r=0.9574),研究认为这两种粒度仪的测试结果会给岩石粒度定名带来差异。由于各种粒度分析方法存在差异和局限性,在实际工作中粒度分析应尽可能建立在同一测量体系上,以便资料对比。 相似文献
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主要介绍了应用改进的费氏台双晶法测定岩浆岩同一薄片不同结构中的斜长石成分及其结构态,或者同一颗粒不同部分的斜长石成分及其结构态,从而获得有关岩石结构特征、形成过程和定位机制类型的信息。 相似文献
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Origin of migmatites by deformation-enhanced melt infiltration of orthogneiss: a new model based on quantitative microstructural analysis 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
P. HASALOVÁ K. SCHULMANN O. LEXA P. TÍPSKÁ F. HROUDA S. ULRICH J. HALODA P. TÝCOVÁ 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2008,26(1):29-53
A detailed field study reveals a gradual transition from high‐grade solid‐state banded orthogneiss via stromatic migmatite and schlieren migmatite to irregular, foliation‐parallel bodies of nebulitic migmatite within the eastern part of the Gföhl Unit (Moldanubian domain, Bohemian Massif). The orthogneiss to nebulitic migmatite sequence is characterized by progressive destruction of well‐equilibrated banded microstructure by crystallization of new interstitial phases (Kfs, Pl and Qtz) along feldspar boundaries and by resorption of relict feldspar and biotite. The grain size of all felsic phases decreases continuously, whereas the population density of new phases increases. The new phases preferentially nucleate along high‐energy like–like boundaries causing the development of a regular distribution of individual phases. This evolutionary trend is accompanied by a decrease in grain shape preferred orientation of all felsic phases. To explain these data, a new petrogenetic model is proposed for the origin of felsic migmatites by melt infiltration from an external source into banded orthogneiss during deformation. In this model, infiltrating melt passes pervasively along grain boundaries through the whole‐rock volume and changes completely its macro‐ and microscopic appearance. It is suggested that the individual migmatite types represent different degrees of equilibration between the host rock and migrating melt during exhumation. The melt topology mimicked by feldspar in banded orthogneiss forms elongate pockets oriented at a high angle to the compositional banding, indicating that the melt distribution was controlled by the deformation of the solid framework. The microstructure exhibits features compatible with a combination of dislocation creep and grain boundary sliding deformation mechanisms. The migmatite microstructures developed by granular flow accompanied by melt‐enhanced diffusion and/or melt flow. However, an AMS study and quartz microfabrics suggest that the amount of melt present did not exceed a critical threshold during the deformation to allow free movements of grains. 相似文献
12.
在油气勘探、评价及开发中,岩性识别和薄片鉴定是十分重要的基础工作,准确的薄片识别结果可以为勘探和开发提供可靠的依据。传统的人工判定方法或实验室分析方法具有主观性强、效率低、自动化程度低等问题。目前基于内容的智能图像识别技术在准确性和具体应用方面还面临着许多难题。论文基于国内外相关研究成果与油气勘探与开发中岩芯薄片图像的特点及要求,设计并研制成功薄片图像自动识别系统和薄片智能鉴定系统。利用图像梯度分布和色彩分析进行火成岩岩石薄片智能分类,对所有像素进行类别划分进而得到整体的鉴定结果,实现了省时、高效、高精度的薄片智能鉴定成果。 相似文献
13.
在油气勘探、评价及开发中,岩性识别和薄片鉴定是十分重要的基础工作,准确的薄片识别结果可以为勘探和开发提供可靠的依据。传统的人工判定方法或实验室分析方法具有主观性强、效率低、自动化程度低等问题。目前基于内容的智能图像识别技术在准确性和具体应用方面还面临着许多难题。论文基于国内外相关研究成果与油气勘探与开发中岩芯薄片图像的特点及要求,设计并研制成功薄片图像自动识别系统和薄片智能鉴定系统。利用图像梯度分布和色彩分析进行火成岩岩石薄片智能分类,对所有像素进行类别划分进而得到整体的鉴定结果,实现了省时、高效、高精度的薄片智能鉴定成果。 相似文献
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O. LEXA P. TÍPSKÁ K. SCHULMANN L. BARATOUX A. KRÖNER 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2005,23(8):649-666
A structural, metamorphic and geochronological study of the Staré Město belt implies the existence of two distinct metamorphic events of similar peak P–T conditions (700–800 °C, 8–10 kbar) during the Cambro‐Ordovician and the Carboniferous tectonometamorphic events. The hypothesis of two distinct periods of metamorphism was suggested on the basis of structural discordance between an undoubtedly Carboniferous granodiorite sill intrusion and earlier Cambro‐Ordovician fabrics of a banded amphibolite complex. The analysis of crystal size distribution (CSD) shows high nucleation density (N0) and low average growth rate (Gt) for Carboniferous mylonitic metagabbros and mylonitic granodiorites. The parameter N0 decreases whereas the quantity Gt increases towards higher temperatures progressively approaching the values obtained from the Cambro‐Ordovician banded amphibolite complex. The spatial distribution of amphibole and plagioclase shows intense mechanical mixing for lower‐temperature mylonitic metagabbros. In high‐temperature mylonites a strong aggregate distribution is developed. Cambro‐Ordovician amphibolites unaffected by Carboniferous deformation show a regular to anticlustered spatial distribution resulting from heterogeneous nucleation of individual phases. This pattern, together with CSD, was subsequently modified by the grain growth and textural equilibration controlled by diffusive mass transfer during Carboniferous metamorphism. The differences between the observed textures of the amphibolites are interpreted to be a consequence of the different durations of the Carboniferous and Cambro‐Ordovician thermal events. 相似文献
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Macroscopic textures resulting from different atomic-scale mechanisms for metamorphic crystallization display different degrees of order, clustering, intergrowth and relative isolation of porphyroblasts. Data on the sizes and locations of thousands of crystals in a three-dimensional volume are required to identify reliably the mechanisms governing nucleation and growth of porphyroblasts from these textural features. These data can now be acquired by means of high-resolution computed X-ray tomography. Numerical models that simulate porphyroblast formation governed by either interface-controlled or diffusion-controlled reaction mechanisms indicate that quantitative textural analysis can discriminate between these possibilities. These numerical models also allow a comparison between textures predicted for different crystallization mechanisms and textures measured in natural samples, from which inferences can be drawn concerning the relative importance of these mechanisms in nature. An independent test of the validity of such inferences is possible for porphyroblasts such as garnet that may preserve prograde growth zoning and allow the examination of normalized radius–rate relations. 相似文献
16.
多口钻井证实四川盆地西南部地区发育火成岩,火成岩主要分布在龙潭组内部,火成岩发育区地震资料存在岩下地震同相轴连续性较差、反射能量弱等现象,火成岩下屏蔽效应机理不清、岩下地震反射井震标定能量相位差异大,明确火成岩区地震波传播规律是地震资料采集、处理解释的基础。这里从地震波反射透射基本原理出发,阐述了火成岩地层的反射透射能量及对下伏地层的屏蔽机理,利用波动方程地震模拟及偏移,分析了不同火成岩分布模型对下伏地层地震信号的屏蔽作用,采用低频补偿、逆时偏移等方法改善岩下成像质量。结果表明:火成岩发育会不同程度导致下伏地层地震透射能量的衰减,纵向多套火层岩发育时,下伏地层屏蔽效应明显,发育区地震表现为类似生物礁的外形隆起、内部杂乱反射特征,下部多次反射较多且能量较强。通过低频优势频带保护处理、利用全波场波动方程偏移成像等方式可以改善岩下地震成像质量。 相似文献
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Three-dimensional quantitative textural analysis coupled with numerical modelling has been used to assess the dominant mechanisms governing crystallization of garnet porphyroblasts in rocks from diverse regional metamorphic environments. In every case, spatial dispositions, crystal size distributions, and compositional zoning patterns of porphyroblasts indicate the dominance of diffusion-controlled nucleation and growth mechanisms.
Nine samples from three geological areas were studied: a suite of semi-pelitic rocks from the Picuris Mountains, New Mexico (USA); a suite of mafic samples from the Llano Uplift, Texas (USA); and a kyanite schist from Mica Dam, British Columbia (Canada). The semi-pelitic suite exhibits post-deformational garnet growth, whereas garnet in the mafic suite and in the kyanite schist grew synkinematically in rocks displaying weak and strong penetrative fabrics, respectively.
For each sample, the centres and radii of thousands of garnet crystals were located and measured in three dimensions, using images produced by high-resolution computed X-ray tomography. Statistical measures of the degree of ordering and clustering of nucleation sites, and estimates of crystal isolation for each porphyroblast, were then computed from the measured spatial dispositions. These measures can be reproduced in simple numerical models only by diffusion-controlled nucleation and growth mechanisms. Normalized radius-rate relations computed from compositional zoning patterns in the garnets require thermally accelerated diffusion-controlled growth, providing independent confirmation of the conclusions based on textural analysis. The unexpected similarity of results from all samples indicates that diffusion-controlled nucleation and growth mechanisms may govern porphyroblast crystallization in many metamorphic regimes. 相似文献
Nine samples from three geological areas were studied: a suite of semi-pelitic rocks from the Picuris Mountains, New Mexico (USA); a suite of mafic samples from the Llano Uplift, Texas (USA); and a kyanite schist from Mica Dam, British Columbia (Canada). The semi-pelitic suite exhibits post-deformational garnet growth, whereas garnet in the mafic suite and in the kyanite schist grew synkinematically in rocks displaying weak and strong penetrative fabrics, respectively.
For each sample, the centres and radii of thousands of garnet crystals were located and measured in three dimensions, using images produced by high-resolution computed X-ray tomography. Statistical measures of the degree of ordering and clustering of nucleation sites, and estimates of crystal isolation for each porphyroblast, were then computed from the measured spatial dispositions. These measures can be reproduced in simple numerical models only by diffusion-controlled nucleation and growth mechanisms. Normalized radius-rate relations computed from compositional zoning patterns in the garnets require thermally accelerated diffusion-controlled growth, providing independent confirmation of the conclusions based on textural analysis. The unexpected similarity of results from all samples indicates that diffusion-controlled nucleation and growth mechanisms may govern porphyroblast crystallization in many metamorphic regimes. 相似文献
18.
为了更有效指导边坡设计与施工,基于弹塑性平面离散元(DEM)模型,对龙滩水电站航道1+016~1+080段岩石高边坡的开挖支护过程进行了计算分析,分析了边坡在有支护结构对应力场、位移场、整体稳定性和边坡锚索轴力随开挖步骤变化情的影响,同时分析了地下水位升降对边坡变形和整体稳定性变化情况。计算分析结果表明,边坡支护前后,应力场、变形场,塑性屈服区分布情况有明显差别,支护结构可以减小边坡位移,提高边坡整体稳定性,地下水位升降对边坡变形和整体稳定性影响较大。另外,对边坡开挖过程中的坡顶位移和锚杆轴力进行了监测,监测结果与计算结果进行了比较。 相似文献
19.
单轴压缩强度是岩石工程建设中广泛使用的力学参数,直接确定单轴压缩强度相对耗时且较为麻烦。点荷载试验可以间接估算岩石的单轴压缩强度(UCS),试验方式简洁。通过收集到的岩浆岩点荷载试验成果,分析结果表明,(1)大部分转换公式在点荷载强度指数较大时得到偏高的单轴压缩强度值,特别是对部分幂函数;(2)ISRM(American Society for Testing and Materials)建议的取值范围仍然高估了岩石的单轴压缩强度值。为更准确地估算岩石的单轴压缩强度,建议采用点荷载强度指数 的二次函数(见式(1))估算岩石的单轴压缩强度,适用范围为0.0 MPa < <15.0 MPa。 相似文献