江汉平原高砷地下水稳定碳同位素特征及其指示意义

溶解性有机碳（DOC）是地下水中砷释放过程的关键因素,为查明江汉平原高砷地下水稳定碳同位素特征,识别有机质的降解过程对砷富集的影响,采用稳定碳同位素分析测试技术并结合地下水化学特征,对江汉平原典型砷中毒病区的浅层地下水进行了区域采样分析。结果表明:浅层承压水的砷质量浓度为0.23~2 621 μg/L。地表水较地下水具有更负的δ13C_DOC、δ13C_DIC值。地下水中溶解性无机碳（DIC）的δ13C_DIC值在-11.9‰~-3.99‰之间,溶解性有机碳的δ13C_DOC值在-28.5‰~-19.6‰之间。地下水的δ13C_DIC-δ13C_DOC差值与ρ（As）呈一定负相关关系,表明微生物作用下有机质的降解促进了As的富集。δ13C_DIC-δ13C_DOC差值与δ13C_DIC和ρ（DOC）均具有较显著的正相关关系,表明地下水中有机质的氧化分解是导致δ13C_DIC贫化的重要过程,微生物作用下溶解性有机质的降解是地下水中无机碳的重要来源。此外,江汉平原少数高砷地下水呈现较大的δ13C_DIC值,推断江汉平原高砷含水层强还原环境下可能存在的产甲烷过程导致了明显的碳同位素分馏。      

桂东金矿氢、氧、碳同位素组成特征及矿床成因探讨

本文通过对桂东地区主要金矿的氢、氧、碳同位素组成特征研究所取得的成矿信息,探讨了金矿成矿溶液性质、来源及演化过程,指出产于不同地质体内的金矿,其成矿溶液性质、来源不完全一致。但总的特征是以岩浆水为主,混有少量变质水和大气降水的混合溶液,矿床成因应属多种热液复合叠加型的复成因类型金矿,并探讨了氢氧同位素在找矿上的应用。     

豫北林州地区鼓山阶底部碳同位素组成及演化趋势

碳同位素地层学是寒武系地层划分与对比的重要手段。通过对豫北驴驮沟剖面碳酸盐岩地层进行碳同位素分析发现,驴驮沟剖面寒武系鼓山阶(Drumian)底界附近的碳酸盐岩的δ13C值分布于3.1‰~-1.7‰之间,δ18O值分布于-3.9‰~-9.4‰之间。δ13C、δ18O之前的非协变关系指示碳同位素组成比较稳定。鼓山阶底界附近δ13C表现为负漂移演化趋势,漂移幅度为3.0‰,最低值为-1.7‰,出现在三叶虫Proasaphiscus首现位置15 m之下。出现负漂移的位置和负漂移的幅度与华南湘西王村剖面、美国犹他州Drum Mountains等剖面的鼓山阶底部的负漂Drum carbon isotope excursion(DICE)一致,表明DICE负漂移具有洲际对比意义,可作为寒武系鼓山阶划分和对比的工具。负漂移峰值处岩性为位于青灰色页岩之间的薄层灰岩夹层,超覆于鲕粒灰岩之上,因此,寒武系鼓山阶底部附近的DICE负漂移对应于苗岭世早期的海侵时期。      

松辽盆地大庆长垣南缘四方台组砂岩型铀矿碳氧同位素特征及铀成矿意义

为进一步探讨松辽盆地大庆长垣南缘四方台组砂岩型铀矿的成岩环境、铀沉淀机制及成矿机理,通过钻井岩心观察,岩石薄片,含铀砂岩碳酸盐胶结物碳、氧同位素分析,对研究区砂岩岩石类型、碳酸盐胶结物类型、成岩阶段以及碳、氧同位素特征进行了系统研究。结果表明:含铀砂岩岩石类型为长石岩屑砂岩、岩屑长石砂岩,碳酸盐胶结物可分为3个期次,以第一和第二期次为主,胶结物包括方解石、铁方解石,见极少量含铁白云石。δ13C_PDB值为-22.45‰~-13.65‰,平均值为-18.33‰,δ18O_PDB值为-17.56‰~-9.46‰,平均值为-13.52‰,揭示有一定有机质参与;古盐度Z值介于75.98~90.97之间,为淡水沉积;古温度介于67.31~94.92℃之间,结合以上岩石特征、胶结物类型及成岩作用判定成岩环境处于早成岩—中成岩阶段A期。综合分析认为:早成岩阶段砂岩的压实、胶结作用使含铀砂岩孔隙度减小,抑制含氧富铀流体运移;随着成岩作用进行,埋藏深度增加,有机质成熟度升高发生热脱羧基作用,与压实作用产生的吸附水形成酸性溶液对长石、碳酸盐胶结物等进行溶蚀形成次生孔隙,增大砂岩孔隙度,促进含氧富铀流体下渗运移,下伏油气由断裂向上逸散,为地层提供还原剂,使铀在四方台组底部大规模沉淀和富集。      

台风“烟花”(2106)期间江苏南通地区降水稳定同位素组成变化特征及影响因素

2021年第6号(2106)台风“烟花”是我国有监测记录以来对大陆影响时间最长的台风,为华东地区带来了暴雨级的降水。基于台风“烟花”(2106)影响江苏南通地区期间小时尺度高分辨率的降水稳定同位素数据,分析了降水稳定同位素组成变化特征及影响因素。结果表明：降水δ¹⁸O值为-11.7‰～-2.3‰,加权平均值为-7.4‰。台风影响前期,采样点水汽主要来源于附近海域,受云下蒸发效应的影响,降水δ¹⁸O值相对偏正;台风影响中期,受相对湿度与上游累积对流强度的共同控制,降水δ¹⁸O值逐渐偏负。但相较于已发表的我国台风降水δ¹⁸O极端偏负值(-20.1‰～-12.6‰),台风“烟花”(2106)降水δ¹⁸O极值并未显著偏负,主要是由于上游累积对流降水历时较短以及台风登陆后水汽缺乏大规模有组织性的对流活动。     

Characteristics of dissolved organic matter in lakes with different eutrophic levels in southeastern Hubei Province,China

Dissolved organic matter(DOM) plays a crucial role in both the carbon cycle and geochemical cycles of other nutrient elements,which is of importance to the management and protection of the aquatic environme nts.To ac hieve a more comprehensive understanding the characteristic s of DOM in the Changjiang(Yangtze) River basin,water samples from four natural lakes(Xiandao,Baoan,Daye,and Qingshan) in southeastern Hubei Province in China with different eutrophication levels were collected and analyzed.The optical characteristics were analyzed using ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry and excitationemission matrix spectroscopy coupled with parallel factor analysis.The results show that:(1) two humiclike components(C1 and C2) and two protein-like substances(C3 and C4) of DOM were identified in all waterbodies;(2) C3 originated primarily from the degradation of microalgae and contributed substantially to humic-like components during transformation.C4 was widely present in the Changjiang River basin and its formation was related to microbial activity,rather than algal blooms or seasons.Influenced by the water mixing,the protein-like components were more likely to be transformed by microorganism,whereas humiclike components were more easily to be photobleached;(3) the concentration of DOM and the fluorescence intensity of humic-like components gradually increased with rising lake eutrophication levels.With respect to protein-like components,only C3 showed changes along the eutrophication gradients;(4) DOM showed a high affinity with permanganate index(COD_(Mn)) and chlorophyll a(chl a) while the relationship was variable with phosphorus.This study helps us systematically understand the DOM characteristics,microbial activities,and pollutant transfo rmation in the Changjiang River basin and provide s reference to the ecological re storation of aquatic environments.     

Carbon isotope variations of modern soils in the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau and their controlling factors

The marginal areas of the Tibetan Plateau have great vertical altitude gradient and abundant vegetation, they are therefore the ideal places for investigating the relationships among carbon isotope composition(δ~(13)C) of modern soils, vegetation and environmental factors, which would be very useful for the reconstructions of both paleovegetation and paleoclimate. In this paper, modern soil samples collected in different vegetation vertical zones along 4km elevation gradient in the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau were analyzed for their carbon isotope composition. The results show that the modern soils in different vegetation vertical zones show apparent difference of δ~(13)C values, which get heavier in the sequence of mixed evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved forest(-27.28‰ on average), evergreen broad-leaved forest(-27.25‰), subalpine shrub-meadow(-25.81‰), subalpine coniferous forest(-25.81‰), alpine bush-meadow(-25.16‰), and drought-enduring shrub(-24.07‰). 1800 m and 3500 m are two critical points for the δ~(13)C values with respect to altitude. Specifically, the δ~(13)C values decrease with increasing altitude below both points while increasing with increasing altitude above both points. Further analyses indicate that the declining δ~(13)C values are mainly controlled by the decreasing proportion of C4 plants with elevation and the increasing δ~(13)C values are attributed to the plant physic-morphological adaptation to the alpine environment. In the absence of drought stress, temperature is the main controlling factor for the carbon isotopic variations with altitude gradient.     

Paleoclimatic Change Inferred from Carbon Isotope Composition of Organic Matter in Sediments of Dabusu Lake, Jilin Province, China

Study on the organic compounds and stable isotope composition of a sediment section in Dabusu Lake revealed that the organic materials in the sediments came mainly from terrestrial plants brought into the lake by rtmoff.The δ^13 C of the organic materials had high values during warm-dry climatic stages and decreased in cold-wet stages.Analysis of data on carbonate content and ^14C age showed that the lake basin had experienced several wet-cold and warm-dry climatic cycles since 15000 a BP. Since 6700 a BP, the climate reached a relatively stable warm-dry stage,so that the lake water was gradually condensed and finally a saline lake was formed.     

黄陵背斜东北翼岩溶水系统特征及其对引调水隧洞工程的影响

黄陵背斜东北翼地层以碳酸盐岩和碎屑岩相间的组合形式出现,碳酸盐岩分布区岩溶发育强烈,岩溶突涌水是该区地下工程建设的重要影响因素。以某重大引调水工程黄陵背斜段为研究对象,综合采用岩溶水文地质调查、示踪试验、水文地球化学等多种方法对研究区岩溶水系统特征及隧洞突涌水条件进行了识别和分析。结果表明：区内存在4个子含水系统,垂向上构成了透水性强-弱相间的结构,发育了浅部快速循环、中间快速循环和深部慢速循环的多级水流系统,断裂构成各子含水系统间发生水力交换的垂向通道。工程输水隧洞主体在深部灯影组(Z₂dn)和天河板组-石龙洞组(∈₁t+sl)子含水系统中穿越,岩溶发育总体较弱,但在穿越店垭断裂时存在导通上部娄山关组-南津关组(∈₃l-O₁n)强岩溶子含水系统而发生较大规模高压突涌水的可能。施工支洞穿越∈₃l-O₁n子含水系统中白龙洞水流系统的排泄区,遭遇管道式突涌水事故的风险高。多种水文地质方法的联合解译可提高识别岩溶水系统特征和突涌水条件的精度。     

THE DEGRADABILITY OF PARTICULATE ORGANIC MATTER IN THE GIRONDE ESTUARY, FRANCE

The degradability of particulate organic matter(POM)in the Gironde Estuary(France)was measuredusing the incubation technique.The influence of sample treatment and incubation conditions on the re-sults was evaluated.A mathematical model was successfully used to describe the various degradationcurves.Results showed that the upstream POM had very high degradability;the central estuaryPOM had low degradability;and that the mouth POM degradability was between that of central POM(low degradability)and marine POM(high degradability).     

Plant water use strategies in the Shapotou artificial sand-fixed vegetation of the southeastern margin of the Tengger Desert,northwestern China

Stable oxygen and hydrogen isotopic compositions(δ~(18)O and δD) of plant xylem water and its potential water sources can provide new information for studying water sources, competitive interactions and water use patterns of plants. The contributions of different water sources to three plants, Hedysarum scoparium(HS), Caragana Korshinskii(CK) and Artemisia ordosica(AO), were investigated in the artificial sand-fixed vegetation of Shapotou, the southeastern margin of the Tengger Desert of northwestern China, based on meteorological data and δ~(18)O and δD values of precipitation, groundwater, soil water and xylem water of HS, CK and AO. Our results indicated that soil water infiltration through precipitation was the main water source of the artificial sand-fixed vegetation. Obvious differences in soil water content and in δ~(18)O of soil water and xylem water were found among different seasons. No relationship was found between the δ~(18)O in plant xylem water and in soil water in January. The same water use patterns were found in CK, HS and AO in May, suggesting they have the same water sources. The different water sources of CK, HS and AO in August indicate that water competition occurred. In addition, the main water sources of CK, HS and AO in August mainly come from shallow soil water, while they use relatively deep soil water in May. This phenomenon is related to the differences of soil water content throughout soil profile, precipitation, transpiration and water competition under different growth periods. The water use patterns of CK, HS and AO respond to soil water content throughout the soil profile and their competition balance for water uptake during different growth season. The results indicate that these sandfixed plants have developed into a relatively stable stage and they are able to regulate their water use behavior as a response to the environmental conditions, which reinforces the effectiveness of plantation of native shrubs without irrigation in degraded areas.     

鄂东南付家山矽卡岩型(Cu-)W矿床成岩成矿时代及地质意义

付家山（Cu-）W矿床是鄂东南地区新近发现的大型矽卡岩型矿床之一,成矿与花岗闪长斑岩关系密切。为了精确获得该矿床成岩成矿年龄,利用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb和辉钼矿Re-Os同位素定年法对其进行了系统的成岩成矿年代学研究,并基于长江中下游成矿带晚中生代沉积地层及构造变形、地球物理和岩石地球化学等证据探讨了其成岩成矿构造背景。结果显示:花岗闪长斑岩锆石U-Pb加权平均年龄为（144±3）Ma,而辉钼矿Re-Os模式年龄为（146±2）Ma,成岩与成矿作用均形成于晚侏罗世-早白垩世。付家山（Cu-）W矿床形成时代与长江中下游地区大规模岩浆成矿事件时间一致,包括鄂东南地区在内的长江中下游地区的构造演化历史及最新的年代学数据表明,付家山（Cu-）W矿床极有可能形成于岩石圈伸展减薄构造背景。付家山等晚侏罗世-早白垩世矽卡岩型（Cu-）W矿床的发现及厘定指示了鄂东南矿集区具有良好的钨矿找矿前景。      

松辽盆地东南缘西丁家地区营城组沉积相分析

松辽盆地东南缘深层沉积相研究程度较浅,以西丁家地区营城组为例,利用岩心观察描述结果,结合测井、地震资料,以及区域构造演化和沉积相分析结果,研究松辽盆地东南缘深层地层沉积相.结果表明:营城组(K1y)主要发育扇三角洲、辫状河三角洲、湖底扇和湖泊4种相类型,其中辫状河三角洲相和湖泊相最为发育;西丁家地区营城组主要表现为"广盆浅水"沉积特征,西南陡坡带发育扇三角洲沉积体系,北部斜坡带发育辫状河三角洲沉积体系,垂向上地层叠加样式表现为由进积向加积演变.该研究结论对西丁家地区深层地层下一步勘探开发及资源评价具有指导意义.     

松辽盆地西缘高力板断陷高D1井地层划分对比

以岩石组合特征、同位素测年及孢粉化石组合特征为依据,参考区域地层发育状况,对高力板断陷高D1井钻遇地层进行划分对比。结果表明:高D1井钻遇地层自下而上划分为晚二叠世林西组(2.911 5～2.749 0km)、早三叠世老龙头组(2.749 0～2.461 0km)、中侏罗世万宝组(2.461 0～2.191 0km)、晚侏罗世—早白垩世满克头鄂博组(2.191 0～1.206 0km)、早白垩世玛尼吐组(1.206 0km～330.0m)、早白垩世白音高老组(330.0～198.0m),以及第四系松散砂砾层(198.0～0m)。发育晚二叠世林西组和中侏罗世万宝组两套重要的生烃层系,为松辽盆地侏罗系及二叠系油气资源潜力调查与评价提供支撑。     

湖南锡矿山锑矿区水环境中DOM三维荧光特征及其对锑污染的指示意义

溶解性有机质(dissolved organic matter, 简称DOM)是影响锑迁移转化的重要因素之一。湖南锡矿山锑矿是世界最大的锑矿, 水环境中锑污染情况严重。为查明锡矿山矿区水环境中DOM特征及其影响, 对锡矿山水环境样品进行三维荧光分析, 利用平行因子法提取水环境中天然有机组分, 分析荧光特征, 探究各组分之间与锑的相关关系。分析表明, 矿区水体环境中DOM以低腐殖化、陆源与微生物源混合来源为特点, 多数水样以陆源有机物为主。锡矿山锑矿区水体中包括了3种不同的组分: C1组分为陆源类腐殖质, C2组分为醌类腐殖质, C3组分为类蛋白质(酪氨酸); 水环境中C1组分相对含量最高, 地表水中C3组分相对含量高于地下水。研究认为, 存在以下途径影响地下水环境中锑的释放: ①类蛋白质组分与锑的络合促进锑的溶解释放; ②腐殖质组分与锑的直接络合。低锑地表水中天然有机组分相对含量受稀释作用的影响, 高锑地表水中天然有机组分相对含量对锑的来源有一定的指示作用。