Heterogenous zircons from Mesozoic igneous rocks in the North China Craton and their tectonic implications

Based on a synthesis of zircon inheritance from Mesozoic igneous rocks in the eastern portion of the North China Craton (NCC) , it is proposed that inherited zircons with Neoproterozoic ages identified from these rocks are of a heterogenous derivation from the Yangtze /South China block, rather than from the NCC itself. The mechanism that introduces these zircons incorporated into the NCC is likely by tectonic underplating during the Triassic continental subduction of the Yangtze block beneath the NCC. Tectonic addition of abundant crustal materials represented by the heterogenous zircons into the NCC, probably along Moho or weak interfaces within the NCC's crust, led to the crustal thickening in the NCC. These heterogenous materials, either as ( partial) source rocks or as contaminants of the magmas generated during an extension environment following the crustal thickening, were reworked and therefore have significant contribution to petrogenesis of the Mesozoic igneous rocks. The crustal thickening resulted from the tectonic underplating, as indicated by the distribution extent of the heterogenous zircons, is spatially similar to that of the lithospheric thinning, with both mainly occurring in the eastern segment of the NCC. This is probably suggestive of an intrinsic relation between the thickening and thinning events during the Mesozoic evolution of the NCC.     

临清拗陷东部横向变换构造分析

临清拗陷东部自中生代以来经历多期构造运动,构造特征极为复杂,整体呈现"东西分带,南北分块"的构造格局.在对研究区地震资料进行精细解释的基础上,分析临清拗陷东部横向变换构造带的发育特征及形成原因,探讨其油气地质意义.结果表明:临清拗陷东部的横向变换构造带划分为三级,主要发育在边界断层的上盘,是造成研究区南北分块的原因;盆地基底结构先存构造、不均匀的伸展作用,以及主要断层沿走向的分段活动,控制横向变换构造带的形成;横向变换构造带的发育影响和控制油气聚集,这些区带具备良好的油气聚集条件,是有利的油气勘探目标区域.     

Heterogenous zircons from Mesozoic igneous rocks in the North China Craton and their tectonic implications

Based on a synthesis of zircon inheritance from Mesozoic igneous rocks in the eastern portion of the North China Craton （NCC） , it is proposed that inherited zircons with Neoproterozoie ages identified from these rocks are of a heterogenous derivation from the Yangtze/South China block, rather than from the NCC itself. The mechanism that introduces these zircons incorporated into the NCC is likely by tectonic underplating during the Triassic continental subduction of the Yangtze block beneath the NCC. Tectonic addition of abundant crustal materials represented by the heterogenous zircons into the NCC, probably along Moho or weak interfaces within the NCC＇s crust, led to the crustal thickening in the NCC. These heterogenous materials, either as （partial） source rocks or as contaminants of the magmas generated during an extension environment following the crustal thickening, were reworked and therefore have significant contribution to petrogenesis of the Mesozoic igneous rocks. The crustal thickening resulted from the tectonic underplating, as indicated by the distribution extent of the heterogenous zircons, is spatially similar to that of the lithospheric thinning, with both mainly occurring in the eastern segment of the NCC. This is probably suggestive of an intrinsic relation between the thickening and thinning events during the Mesozoic evolution of the NCC.     

Mesozoic Deformation and Its Geological Significance in the Southern Margin of the South China Sea

The pre-Eocene history of the region around the present South China Sea is not well known. New multi-channel seismic profiles provide valuable insights into the probable Mesozoic history of this region. Detailed structural and stratigraphic interpretations of the multi-channel seismic profiles, calibrated with relevant drilling and dredging data, show major Mesozoic structural features. A structural restoration was done to remove the Cenozoic tectonic influence and calculate the Mesozoic tectonic compression ratios. The results indicate that two groups of compressive stress with diametrically opposite orientations, S(S)E– N(N)W and N(N)W–S(S)E, were active during the Mesozoic. The compression ratio values gradually decrease from north to south and from west to east in each stress orientation. The phenomena may be related to the opening of the proto-South China Sea(then located in south of the Nansha block) and the rate at which the Nansha block drifted northward in the late Jurassic to late Cretaceous. The Nansha block drifted northward until it collided and sutured with the southern China margin. The opening of the present South China Sea may be related to this suture zone, which was a tectonic zone of weakness.     

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克拉通盆地盆缘致密气藏封堵模式: 以鄂尔多斯盆地北缘杭锦旗地区盒1段为例

克拉通盆地大面积致密砂岩气藏边界带上的气水分布往往远比盆地内部复杂, 圈闭类型多样, 气藏上倾方向封堵模式尚存在争议。本研究以鄂尔多斯盆地北缘杭锦旗地区二叠系盒1段气藏为例, 对比分析不同区带典型河道砂体厚度、岩相组合、砂体叠置关系、储层物性及横向宏观非均质性等多因素差异分布特征及其对气藏分布的控制作用, 最终建立杭锦旗地区不同构造带内盒1段气藏封堵模式。研究表明, 研究区自西向东发育3种河道沉积模式, 分别是西部缓坡区浅水辫状河模式、中部陡坡区冲积扇-辫状河模式、东部深水道模式, 3种沉积模式控制了河道上倾方向储层宏观非均质性差异, 这种宏观非均质性变化是研究区致密砂岩气藏上倾方向封堵的主控因素。根据研究区上倾方向储层变化与圈闭类型关系, 划分了3种天然气封堵模式: 西部缓坡区岩性封堵模式、中部陡坡区地层-岩性封堵模式、东部岩性-构造过渡封堵模式。3种天然气封堵模式构成了鄂北盆缘盒1段大面积天然气连续成藏区的边界, 同时控制了不同类型圈闭分布与天然气富集。      

Analysis of longitudinal profiles along the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Resulting from the collision of the Eurasian and Indian plates, the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau is commonly known as the ’roof of the world’. Collectively the Yarlung Tsangpo, Nu, Lancang, Yangtze, Yalong, and Yellow River basins drain the eastern margin of the plateau. In this paper, we utilize Shuttle Radar Topography Mission elevation data to examine morphometric and relief attributes of these basins to reveal insights into tectonic activity and rates of incision. A robust technique using Matlab is proposed to alleviate errors associated with SRTM data in the derivation of river longitudinal profiles. Convex longitudinal profiles are interpreted to be a product of uplift rates that exceed rates of channel incision along the entire margin of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Highest relief towards the south reflects extensive fluvial incision. High relief is also prominent along major active faults. Erosion patterns are related to distance from knickpoints. Highest rates of erosion and incision are evident towards the south, with decreasing values towards the north, suggesting a link between tectonic activity and erosion.     

山东省花岗岩地貌景观的构造分区和典型类型研究

山东地处中国大陆地壳一级构造区华北板块的东南缘,构造作用和岩浆作用,特别是新太古代和中生代的花岗质岩浆作用十分强烈,形成了大量的花岗岩类,构成山东省各类花岗岩地貌景观的物质基础。以山东省重要地质遗迹调查成果为基础,开展深入分析总结,结合山东花岗岩分布格局,划分为华北板块鲁西隆起区、胶辽隆起区和苏鲁造山带胶南-威海隆起区3个不同花岗岩地貌景观分区;从造型和观赏的角度将山东省花岗岩地貌又划分为峰丛型、峰林型、山丘型、石蛋型和岩穴型花岗岩地貌景观5类,并以泰山、蒙山、五莲-九仙山、莲青山、峄山等典型实例,论述了各类花岗岩地貌景观特征,并对其形成过程进行了探讨,同时也论述了影响花岗岩造型景观的主要内部和外部因素。     

西秦岭北缘漳县含盐红层盆地构造分析及古构造应力场反演

对漳县含盐红层盆地的构造节理、褶皱等构造形迹进行野外观察、测量、分期配套,应用吴氏网赤平投影法来反演古构造应力场。分析表明,漳县红层盆地白垩系沉积地层形成后至少经历了4期构造活动：第一期构造应力场的最大主压应力方向为NW-SE向,第二期构造应力场的最大主压应力方向为NE-SW向,第三期构造应力场的最大主压应力方向近E-W向,第四期构造应力场的最大主压应力方向近S-N向,4期构造应力场中间主压力轴（δ2)多近于直立。反演结果显示,该区域自白垩系沉积后区域构造特征以走滑作用为主。     

浙西北江山─绍兴断裂带构造演化特征

江山—绍兴断裂带是中国南方最重要的构造带之一。它是江南陆块与华夏陆块神功运动形成的碰撞拼贴带。它表现出明显的多期变形、构造叠加的特征：神功运动形成近东西向平卧褶皱；印支运动沿断裂带有向北西强烈的推覆挤压。断裂带不同时期的活动反映了不同特征的构造环境，形成不同的构造变形特征，并对两侧的地质历史具有明显的控制作用。     

安丘莒县断裂北段构造特征研究

郯庐断裂带是中国东部乃至亚洲大地构造演化中最重要的构造带,其山东段沂沭断裂带也一直是地学研究的热点,而安丘-莒县断裂更是新构造活动频发的活断层。该文在野外实际调查的基础上,从安丘-莒县断裂的控盆以及与地质体的切割关系入手,参考区域地质资料,结合物探、钻探研究成果,对安丘-莒县断裂北段的几何学、运动学特征进行了综合研究,对其新构造活动进行了初步探讨,认为早白垩世以后的"主活动"具有多阶段性、多期次性,是对早期先存断裂的继承与发展,晚更新世晚期右行走滑兼具小角度逆冲阶段。     

黔西逆冲滑脱构造及其对铅锌矿床的控制

黔西地区位于上扬子地块西南缘,大地构造处于古特提斯构造域与太平洋构造域共同控制与影响的区域.该区广泛出露中上泥盆统-下三叠统(D2-T1)碳酸盐岩为主的沉积岩,下伏下泥盆统与志留系巨厚页岩和粉砂岩,构成了该区的底部滑脱层.在D2-T1碳酸盐岩为主的强硬岩层中夹有的页岩-粉砂岩、炭质页岩构成了次级滑脱层.在中生代,受上述两大构造域远程复合作用,黔西地区发生了多次构造活动与叠加变形.在挤压收缩过程中,强硬层与软弱层之间的滑脱作用形成了黔西地区复杂的构造格局.不同阶段不同规模的逆冲滑脱作用(顺层滑脱→切层滑脱→小型逆冲→大型逆冲)对铅锌富集起到了不同的控制作用.顺层滑脱形成了与层理一致的铅锌富集;切层滑动(小型逆冲)控制了稍陡于岩层的铅锌矿富集;小型平移或张性断层控制了陡倾铅锌矿的富集;而大型逆冲断层则控制了大型、超大型铅锌矿床的富集.因此,逆冲滑脱作用是控制黔西铅锌矿床富集的最重要因素.     

山东西涝口金矿床控矿构造特征及动力学浅析

西涝口金矿床位于胶莱盆地北缘,区内盆缘断裂发育,控矿构造主要为近EW向压扭性断裂和NE向滑脱构造。控矿断裂构造形成受中国东部晚中生代构造体制转换过程动力学背景制约,在晚侏罗世太平洋板块、库拉板块向欧亚大陆俯冲的侧向应力挤压作用下,牟平-即墨断裂带发生显著的左旋走滑活动,矿区近EW向断裂构造形成,后期受拉张活动而呈张性容矿构造。NE向断裂构造则形成于早白垩世时期构造体制以引张伸展活动为主的大地构造环境,并在成矿过程中起着重要控矿作用。     

Planation surfaces on the Tibet Plateau, China

A planation hypothesis is proposed to explain landform evolution of the Tibet Plateau. A denudation threshold （T）, the maximum potential denudation rate for a certain type of rock, is introduced to explain the combined effects of lithology and tectonics on landform evolution. If the tectonic uplifting rate （U） is equal to or less than the threshold rate （U ≤ T）, the tectonic uplifting and terrain denudation are in dynamic equilibrium, and landforms are in a steady state. The end product should be planation surfaces whether the original landforms are flat plains or deeply dissected mountains. If U 〉 T, uplift and denudation are not able to reach a dynamic equilibrium state. The plateau surface is mostly underlain by soft rocks, such as the Mesozoic epimetamorphic argillites and Tertiary sedimentary rocks, while the mountain ranges comprise hard rocks, such as granite, gneiss and limestone. In soft rock regions, hills are low with a relative relief of mostly less than 100 m and the slopes are gentle at a gradient of 〈200. In contrast, hills can maintain steep slopes in hard rock regions. The Tibet Plateau has been under an equilibrium condition between tectonic uplifting and denudation except for the mountain ranges. The plateau might have reached the present altitudes before the Quaternary.     

胶东中生代耦合金成矿作用分析

该文结合华北东部中生代构造体制转折、郯庐断裂带左行走滑和华北地幔热柱多级演化3次重大地质事件,对胶东金成矿原因进行系统分析,提出胶东中生代金矿同期耦合作用成因的观点,认为胶东金矿是上述三者同期耦合成矿作用的结果,且幔源成矿流体在耦合成矿过程中发生分异富集演化,使得胶东矿集区形成如此大规模、高品位和不均衡分布的金矿。     

Structural Evolution of the Eastern Margin of Eurasia in Late Mesozoic and Cenozoic

This paper features the structural evolution of the eastern margin of Eurasia in Late Mesozoic and Cenozoic.It is characterized by three stages of development: the riftogenic stage (Jurassic-Early Cretaceous), the platform stage (Late Cretaceous) and the neotectonic one (Paleogene-Quarternary). The boundaries between these stages are distinctly fixed by the geological time limits of planetary range. It is demonstrated that the riftogenic and neotectonic stages were characterized by a high degree of geodynamic activity, and the platform one by a decrease in contrast of tectonic movements. The main river net was formed in the Early Cretaceous and in the Neogene. It experienced a serious reconstruction accompanied by the formation of the Amur River valley being similar to the modem one.     

Structural Evolution of the Eastern Margin of Eurasia in Late Mesozoic and Cenozoic

1IntroductionThe south of the Far East comprises the largest mountain-folded and platform structures in the east-ern margin of Eurasia. The former ones are the Stanovoy, Yankan-Tukuringra-Dzhagdy, Turan, Bu-reya, Amur-Tugur and Sikhote-Alin arched and arched-block uplifts separated by the systems of in-termontane depressions (Tynda-Zeya, Khingan-Ni-man, etc.) with the inner small basins (Uda-Zeya, Upper Bureya, Mid-Amur, Konino-Khurmulinskiy, Lower Amur) (Fig.1). The Aldan shield a…     

龙门山北段天井山构造特征及成因模拟

根据地震资料、钻井和野外调查等研究,认为天井山构造带广泛发育重力滑动构造、断层转折褶皱、倒转背斜和双重构造等构造样式.天井山构造带变形具有垂向分层特点:上部构造主要为断层转折褶皱,02tjs10测线附近变形强度最大,向两端变形逐步减弱;下部构造为多个逆冲岩片叠置所构成的双重构造.通过构造物理模拟实验,证实天井山构造带在北西—南东向挤压应力作用下变形序列为前展式逆冲叠瓦式构造组合;天井山构造带存在多个滑脱层系,才会形成分层变形、垂向叠置的不协调收缩构造变形.该研究可以为天井山构造带乃至龙门山油气勘探提供指导.     

中国东部典型裂谷盆地构造活动特征及演化:以松辽盆地孤店断陷为例

孤店断陷为松辽盆地南部深层天然气勘探的有利区带,同时也记录了中国东部中-新生代板块运动和盆地演化的丰富信息。利用钻测井资料及高分辨率三维地震资料,并结合区域构造背景,对孤店断陷的地质结构及构造演化特征进行分析。结果表明孤店断陷在纵向上可以划分为基底构造层、下构造层、中构造层及上构造层。由于受到晚中生代以来太平洋板块向东亚板块的俯冲作用及区域构造应力场的影响,孤店断陷的构造演化过程可以划分为断陷期、断坳转换期、稳定坳陷期及构造反转期。孤店断陷的边界大断层(孤店断层)在断陷初始发育期(火石岭组-沙河子沉积期)表现为6段走向各不相同的小型孤立断层,在断陷晚期(营城组沉积期)经过生长、连接而形成统一的断陷边界,并在断坳转换期(登娄库组-泉头组沉积期)和坳陷期(青山口组-嫩江组沉积期)发生广泛而强烈的张扭活动,以及在构造反转期(嫩江组沉积末期)发生强烈反转和分段差异逆冲活动。研究结果可以为松辽盆地以及中国东部地区的构造活动及演化研究提供参考,并进一步指导油气勘探。     

西藏阿里仲巴地块公珠错片麻岩锆石U-Pb年代学及其地质意义

仲巴地块是藏南雅鲁藏布江缝合带西段的重要构造单元,对于研究冈瓦纳大陆北缘微地块的构造属性与古地理重建具有重要意义。目前,对于该地块内部是否存在陆块基底尚未有统一认识。通过野外观测、岩石地球化学和锆石U-Pb年代学分析,本研究在仲巴地块中段公珠错南地区识别出一套黑云斜长片麻岩,其w(SiO₂)为64.09%～69.87%,w(Al₂O₃)为12.18%～18.30%,w(TiO₂)为0.55%～0.79%,w(K₂O)为2.53%～3.54%,LREE相对富集,轻重稀土分馏明显,推测其原岩以长石砂岩为主,形成于活动大陆边缘环境。锆石U-Pb年代学分析结果显示,其继承核年龄峰值为2 500,1 600,950 Ma,最年轻的谐和年龄为630 Ma。此外,还获得变质锆石的加权平均年龄为550 Ma。根据上述结果,研究认为公珠错片麻岩形成于新元古代晚期(630～550 Ma),其变形-变质程度较高,能够代表仲巴地块的陆块基底,并进一步证明仲巴地块是印度大陆北缘的组成部分。由此,本次研究...