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基于北极航道的自然条件、地缘政治因素及当前通航情况,从航海图书、航标导航、海上通信等方面系统阐述了北极航海保障现状,分析了我国开展北极航海保障的重要性,并提出了我国在加强北极航海保障能力方面应采取的策略和措施建议,为构建和完善我国北极航海保障服务体系提供了科学依据和有益参考。 相似文献
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试用隶属度与贴近度作海雾长期预报 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
胡基福 《山东海洋学院学报》1983,13(4):1-5
青岛近海海雾多发生在4-7月份,是沿海灾害性天气之一。它对渔业生产、航海运输和国防建设影响很大。因此作好4-7月份海雾的长期预报有十分重要的意义。由于海雾的多寡和前期因子之间是一种模糊关系, 相似文献
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中国航海之路的开辟早在石器时代,我国已经开始航海活动,人们曾在台湾岛的高雄、台中、台南等地发现我国古代创造的器物。我国东南沿海地区创造的“有段石锛”,也在浙江、闽南、闽北等地区出土,甚至在菲律宾、南美洲等地也有发现。 相似文献
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胡基福 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1983,(4)
青岛近海海雾多发生在4—7月份,是沿海灾害性天气之一。它对渔业生产、航海运输和国防建设影响很大。因此作好4—7月份海雾的长期预报有十分重要的意义。由于海雾的多寡和前期因子之间是一种模糊关系,因此,本文采用模糊集理论中的隶属函数和贴近度试作青岛近海海雾的长期预报。首先,对已选好的4个预报因子分别建立对4—7 相似文献
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中国2 kaBP前后的气候及其影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
根据近20年来由历史文献、冰心、孢粉、湖泊沉积等多种代用资料恢复的历史时期气候变化状况,对中国2 kaBP前后的气候变化及其可能影响以及驱动机制进行了综合推断,结果表明:2 kaBP前后,中国的气候发生了明显的变化,在温度变化方面,新疆地区由寒冷转为温暖,其余地区由温暖转为寒冷;在降水变化上,北方大部分地区降水量下降,干旱化趋势明显,南方地区降水量变化不大,仍然比较丰富。此期,自然灾害增多,农业生产范围缩小,人口数量减少,政局不稳定,甚至出现政权更迭等社会不稳定事件。太阳活动、大气环流和火山活动可能是引起此次气候变化的重要原因。 相似文献
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Nicolas Chini Peter Stansby James Leake Judith Wolf Jonah Roberts-Jones Jason Lowe 《Coastal Engineering》2010,57(11-12):973-984
In coastal areas, offshore wave propagation towards the shore is influenced by water depth variations, due to sea bed bathymetry, tides and surges. Considering implications of climate change both on atmospheric forcing and sea level rise, a simple methodology involving numerical modelling is implemented to compute inshore waves from 1960 to 2099. Simulations take into account five scenarios of linear sea level rise and one climatic scenario for storm surges and offshore waves. The methodology is applied to the East Anglia coast (UK). Extreme event analysis is performed to estimate climate change implication on inshore waves and the occurrence of extreme events. It is shown, for this coastal region, that wave statistics are sensitive to the trend in sea level rise, and that the climate change scenario leads to a significant increase of extreme wave heights in the northern part of the domain. For nearshore points, the increase of the mean sea level alters not only extreme wave heights but also the frequency of occurrence of extreme wave conditions. 相似文献
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划区管理工具被国际社会公认为生物多样性养护和可持续利用最为有效的手段,广泛应用于各国管辖范围内和公海及国际海底区域。本研究在探讨划区管理所依据关键生物地理要素的基础上,以我国管辖范围内的近岸海域为研究对象,根据海洋生物多样性分区原则与分区要素,开展基于生物地理要素的海洋生物多样性管理分区,将我国近岸海域划分为一级分区6个:黄海、渤海、东海、台湾海峡过渡区、南海和三沙岛礁区;二级分区16个:北黄海近岸海域、南黄海近岸海域、辽东湾、渤海湾、莱州湾、渤海中央水域、苏北及旧黄河口、长江口及杭州湾、浙江东南沿海、台湾海峡过渡区、珠江口及广东沿海、环海南岛沿海、北部湾及广西沿海、西沙岛礁区、南沙岛礁区、中沙岛礁区;三级分区101个:黄海14个,渤海10个,东海20个,台湾海峡过渡区16个,南海38个,三沙岛礁区3个。探讨了分区要素对结果的影响,为海洋生物多样性保护和管理提供参考。 相似文献
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在调和分析的基础上,结合差比关系的运用,利用T/P和Jason-1卫星测高数据进行了南海北部潮汐状况的反演、分析。其中沿轨数据和交点数据的海面异常(SLA)样本标准差(STD)值计算表明,对于15年资料而言,潮汐分析结果已基本一致。对3年轨道改变后的T/P资料分析发现,运用差比分析的办法能使其分析精度有20%左右的提高,达到与15年资料相近的分析效果。最后文章将近岸的反演结果与实测值作了对比,得出在大多数地区(除水动力复杂区域外),沿轨数据的反演水位与实测值的误差均值小于19cm,STD值小于14cm。 相似文献
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《Marine Policy》2017
A detailed understanding of fishing activity in Scottish waters is required to inform marine spatial planning. Larger fishing vessels are fitted with Vessel Monitoring Systems (VMS) offering spatial information on fishing activity. VMS does not cover smaller vessels (under 15 m), which fish predominantly in inshore waters where the competition for space is often greatest. To improve knowledge of the distribution of fishing activity and value of fisheries in Scotland's inshore waters, Marine Scotland conducted a participatory fisheries mapping project, known as ScotMap. The data were collected during face-to-face interviews with 1090 fishermen of Scottish registered commercial fishing vessels under 15 m in overall length and relate to fishing activity for the period 2007–2011. Interviewees were asked to identify the areas in which they fish, estimate the contribution these areas make to vessel earnings, and to provide associated information. The majority of interviews relate to creel fishing. The data collected were aggregated to provide mapped outputs of the monetary value, relative importance to fishermen and the usage of the seas around Scotland (number of fishing vessels and number of crew). ScotMap outputs provide information on the locations of inshore fishing activities and the economic importance of different sea areas at a much higher spatial resolution than was previously possible. Outputs have informed marine policy development, provide a valuable resource for marine spatial planning in Scotland and illustrate how participatory mapping can generate useful resources on the location and importance of inshore fishing areas. 相似文献
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《Marine Policy》2016
Fisheries resources play a major role in the national economy and to food security in Solomon Islands. Climate change is likely to have a substantial impact on fish production that can lead to a fragile food security condition in the country. This paper assesses the potential economic impact of three important climate change adaptation strategies – natural resource management (NRM), fish aggregating devices (FAD) and aquaculture – in Solomon Islands. The study used a country-specific partial equilibrium economic model with six fish sub-sectors and analyzed potential impact of alternate climate change adaptation strategies for 2035 and 2050. The modeling and scenario analyses show that total fish demand is likely to surpass domestic fish production in 2050. Without appropriate climate adaptation strategy, per capita consumption of domestically produced fish will decline, which has serious negative food security implications for the country. The economic (welfare) analysis conducted based on modeling results show that the national level net economic gains due to climate change adaptation strategies are substantial. If cost and topographic conditions permit, low-cost inshore FADs are expected to be a good mechanism for augmenting domestic supplies of tuna and similar species in Solomon Islands. 相似文献
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为持续改善海洋生态环境和提升海洋生态服务功能,进一步促进海洋生态文明建设和沿海地区可持续发展,文章梳理我国已开展的近岸海域综合治理工作内容,深入分析存在的问题,并基于目标和任务提出对策措施。研究结果表明:20世纪90年代以来,我国陆续实施一系列近岸海域综合治理项目,取得显著成效,但在整体规划、管理机制、统筹协调和科学支撑方面仍存在不足;基于近岸海域综合治理在海水质量、生态服务功能、人居环境和能力建设方面的目标和任务,应加强顶层设计、完善运行监管、坚持陆海统筹和强化基础研究。 相似文献
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对东海、黄海的近岸、远岸海区空气中陆源性和海洋性微生物含量进行了测定。并比较了不同测区间空气微生物含量的差别,分析了它们的昼夜变化状态,以及气温对这些变化的影响。认为测区空气微生物状态指示海洋与陆地、人类活动及环境污染与海洋空气间的相互作用。 相似文献