北太平洋中西部剑鱼(Xiphias gladius)管理策略评价

剑鱼（Xiphias gladius）属于大洋性中上层高度洄游性鱼种,是远洋渔业重要的目标渔获物和兼捕种类,具有较高经济价值。本文在北太平洋金枪鱼与类金枪鱼国际科学委员会（ISC）对剑鱼资源评估结果基础上,使用1951年到2018年渔获量数据,通过先验参数设置构造操作模型模拟北太平洋中西部剑鱼的种群动态和渔业动态,通过不同管理策略捕捞规则计算对数据和参数要求筛选出9种备选管理策略（DD,DD4010,CC1,SBT1,GB_slope,ICI,ICI2,SPmod,MCD）并对其管理效果进行量化分析,并对短期和长期产量进行预测。通过对各先验参数时间序列分布及各管理策略的权衡,使用Kobe图表达实施管理策略前后剑鱼资源状况的变化,最终确定使用根据时间序列平均值和标准误差指数来调整渔获量的管理策略（ICI）为最佳的管理策略。对9种管理策略其中4种输出型管理策略（MCD,ICI,ICI2,SPmod）进行总可捕量（TAC）计算,分别拟合中国台湾CPUE序列和日本CPUE序列,最终得到ICI管理策略对未来50年TAC控制量在10 404.48 t,50%置信区间在6 678.51~18 743.22 t。对最终所选择的ICI管理策略进行敏感性测试,结果表明其对渔获量和丰度指数较为敏感。     

Fishery management as a governance network: Examples from the Gulf of Maine and the potential for communication network analysis research in fisheries

It has been suggested that the fisheries management process with multiple, informed stakeholders and socio-economic, political, and scientific complexity can be considered a governance network. This exploratory study applied communication network analysis (CNA) measures and methods to assess two cases of US federal fishery management in the Northwest Atlantic—Atlantic herring and sea scallop. Through questionnaires and interviews, CNA maps were constructed and quantitative measures of network structure and function (density, weighted average path length) and centrality measures for individual network members (degree, betweenness) were derived using InFlow software. The results show that fishery governance networks are horizontally and vertically integrated across levels of government and public–private–nonprofit sectors. The findings validated existing understanding of fisheries management as a contested, competitive management context among stakeholders, and provided new insights about the effectiveness of information sharing across the network and the critical role of bridgers connecting disparate subgroups. Fisheries management can be conceptualized and analyzed as governance networks, and the paper discusses additional research questions, refinements needed for application of the research methods, and ramifications for managers (e.g., can resource managers manage networks).     

海岛遥感图像数据管理示范系统的构架与分析

使用数据分割和数据开采技术将海岛遥感图像数据分割成较小的可以独立管理的物理单位,然后对其图像数据进行重构和重组以及非监督分类、截取、拼接和波形比对.此数据管理系统除具有访问常规的数据库管理、维护和使用等功能外,还根据应用需求,在集成系统环境下开发了处理后光谱数据的特征量分析、推理和判断功能.     

远洋运输系统人因可靠性定量分析

远洋运输中可能发生的灾害性事故,如船舶碰撞、搁浅、腐蚀疲劳破坏、火灾、爆炸等,大多与人为失误和组织失误（HOE）有关.因此,进行远洋运输系统人因可靠性定量分析,对于运输系统的安全非常重要.针对此问题,文章结合操作风险管理（ORM）技术,对远洋运输系统进行人因可靠性定量分析.为远洋船舶提供了一套预测人为误操作的分析方法,可以降低HOE风险的发生概率,以减小事故的发生.     

The perils and promise of futures analysis in marine ecosystem-based management

Ecosystem-based management is now widely accepted as the standard strategy for achieving sustainable delivery of marine and estuarine ecosystem services. The ubiquity and rate of change in marine ecosystems necessitate incorporating visions of future ecosystem states into ecosystem management strategies. Creating visions of the future enables policy makers to set realistic objectives and targets, and to explore the consequences of potential management decisions on ecosystems under multiple potential scenarios of change. Several classes of futures are used in marine ecosystem management program, and three are highlighted here: visioning, predictive models, and scenario analysis. Each approach is briefly described, and their use in current marine ecosystem management programs in North America is reviewed. In particular, the importance of using scenario analysis to identify and incorporate the influence of exogenous drivers into management strategies is highlighted. Then, some of the perils and promises associated with each approach are described, and a way forward is proposed that incorporates multiple types of future envisioning approaches into management programs. Key contributions of future analyses include highlighting connections and trade-offs among ecosystem components, setting realistic targets, and incorporating exogenous drivers, and their uncertainties, into ecosystem management programs.     

Institutional analysis of UK coastal fisheries: Implications of overlapping regulations for fisheries management

This paper addresses the issue of overlapping fisheries regulations by multiple authorities for coastal fisheries in the United Kingdom. It examines one particular case study of the oyster fishers of the Isle of Wight, focusing on resource management regulations, fishermen's strategies to deal with ambiguous legislation, and the response of the various management authorities. The case study forms the basis on which to discuss institutional implications for effective operational management of the UK's coastal fisheries resource.     

Measuring management success: Experience with United States fisheries

Many articles have been published in recent years criticizing the management of living marine resources based solely on biological stock conservation criteria. In the United States and in many parts of the rest of the world, multiple management objectives and goals in addition to stock conservation must be met by fishery managers responsible for the marine resources under their control. An alternative management metric, conservation efficiency, is recommended based instead on a multi-disciplinary scientific framework that captures these different goals and the behavior of participants in the fishery. On the basis of the constraints facing managers, resources can be conserved and the quality of life of consumptive and nonconsumptive fishery participants improved.     

海岛管理信息系统用户需求分析

中国是一个海岛大国,但在海岛管理方面还很落后。鉴于海岛信息的复杂性和信息时代的要求,应该建立一个涵盖全国海岛的管理信息系统。为此,从用户需求的角度,对建立海岛管理信息系统的问题进行了初步探讨。     

A policy making framework for resilient port infrastructure systems

This research is an effort to develop a Risk Management-based Decision Analysis (RMDA) framework based on the common fundamental elements that define the nature of resilience in Port Infrastructure Systems (PIS). While developing a systematic process for making strategic and investment decisions, RMDA guides the decision-makers to identify, analyze, and prioritize risks involved in PIS operations; to define ways for risk mitigation, plan for contingencies, and devise mechanisms for continuously monitoring and controlling risk factors and threats to the system; and to value the adopted resilience investment plans and strategies. Our suggested RMDA framework is a policy making tool that utilizes a Decision Tree Analysis (DTA) methodology for assessing the cost-effectiveness of the devised strategies.     

Relationships between safety culture aspects – A work process to enable interpretation

Knowledge about the existing safety culture in a maritime organization such as in shipping companies or on board ships can enable the formulation of effective interventions to maintain and improve safety culture and safety in the organization. When assessing the safety culture, questionnaires developed for this purpose are often used. This paper proposes a work process that facilitates the analysis and interpretation of the relationships between safety culture aspects using questionnaire data. The work process includes the use of variable cluster analysis where the cluster solutions are presented in dendrograms. These were found to be an excellent way to visualize complex relationships in the quantitative data and to facilitate the understanding of the safety culture concept. Results are presented from applying the statistical process to safety culture data from six Swedish ships in international traffic. The visualized safety culture results can enable group discussions about safety on different organizational levels and can constitute an important input to the continuous improvement processes for safety and safety culture.     

海域面积计算精度影响因子甄别与评价

由于地球曲率等的影响,采用解析法计算大区域、小比例尺海域面积,会引起海域测量面积变形,影响用海面积的计算精度.通过分析解析法引起面积变形的特点,定量分析了纬度差、投影方式与中央经线选择、坐标转换等海域面积计算精度影响因子,提出可采取选择合理的界址点间距、恰当的中央经线、基于椭球面计算等方法来提高海域面积的计算精度.     

Morphometric variation in the cutlassfish Trichiurus lepturus on the Kenyan coast: implications for stock identification and management

Morphometric variation was used to study population structure of the cutlassfish Trichiurus lepturus on the Kenyan coast. In all, 16 morphometric measurements taken from 193 individuals from six sites were subjected to multivariate statistical analysis in order to determine possible stock differentiation. Multivariate analysis of variance indicated significant differences in the means of a combination of the morphometric characters among the sites, and discriminant function analysis by groups showed the presence of phenotypically distinct populations on the south and north coasts of Kenya. A classification tree analysis of morphometric characters validated the distinct groups and indicated certain characters to be useful for classifying specimens to source sites. The likely presence of distinct north and south stocks of T. lepturus on the Kenyan coast observed in our study will require validation by other methods, but indicates the potential need for spatially explicit models for managing fish populations on a large spatial scale.     

信息管理技术在海洋工程地基可靠度分析中的应用

进行地基可靠度的研究必须以大量的数据、资料为基础和前提,而且这些数据和资料将在实践中不断的积累和扩充。为了能有效地管理和分析建设中积累的大量数据,并实现动态的管理,文章开发研制了信息管理系统用于海洋工程地基的可靠度分析中。阐述了将现代化信息管理技术应用于象岩土工程这样的传统行业的切入点、实现方式、方法和步骤,并用实例说明信息管理系统在海洋工程地基可靠度分析中的应用。     

Contextual factors influencing sustainable fisheries in Mexico

Sustainable fisheries take into consideration that managed fisheries ecosystems shift over time in response to evolving environmental as well as market and political factors. These contextual forces are especially valuable in understanding developing countries such as Mexico, where the unconsolidated fisheries administration faces productive marine ecosystems but unsustainable fisheries. To recognize the issues that have inhibited the consolidation of a regulatory system for sustainable fisheries, a contextual factor analysis was applied to the co-development of two current policies in the Mexican fishery regime: fisheries and environmental policies. Six historical phases have been identified in which there are few long periods of stability and frequent short periods of radical change that alternate between stable and adverse contextual situations. These short and contrasting contextual situations cause a kind of tug-of-war in Mexican fisheries policy-making. On the one hand, domestic economic, scientific, and technological forces seem to slowly lead toward the consolidation of sustainable fisheries; on the other hand, domestic policies drift from one position to another at other timing than the international fisheries and environmental policies. Although recent crises seem to highlight new periods of radical change in Mexico, they also provide an opportunity to adopt new structural plans to consolidate domestic forces as a basis for long-term strategies.     

Is Europe ready for a results-based approach to fisheries management? The voice of stakeholders

The reformed Common Fisheries Policy (CFP), adopted by the European Union in 2013, aims to achieve sustainable exploitation of marine resources. Beyond the mainstream of stakeholders׳ engagement, the literature increasingly calls for shared accountability in fisheries management. In such scenarios, identifying stakeholders׳ insights becomes critical for a successful design of innovative management approaches. This paper analyses how the stakeholders perceive a results-based management system for four fisheries in different European sea-basins as well as at a pan-European level. The results indicate a need for adaptive and participatory management approaches, building on regional adaptations within transparent and plural frameworks for fisheries. To succeed, the system should explicitly address its associated public and private costs; neither participation nor accountability comes for free.     

区域海洋立体监测系统潜在经济效益

区域海洋立体监测系统的建立旨在提供全面的、系统的海洋动力环境和生态环境信息共享资料，为区域性海洋防灾减灾和海洋环境管理提供实时信息的网络平台．本文通过费一效分析的方法，初步测算了台湾海峡及毗邻海域海洋动力环境实时立体监测系统潜在的年经济效益超过29692．8万元，对区域海洋管理的决策具有重要意义．