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同步定位与地图构建(simultaneous localization and mapping,SLAM)是摄影测量、计算机视觉和机器人学的研究热点,并广泛应用于移动测图系统、机器人、无人驾驶车等。本文提出一种针对多镜头组合式全景相机的基于特征的SLAM解决方案。首先,本文建立了鱼眼相机的高精度检校模型,以保证鱼眼相机与全景相机之间的高精度坐标转换;然后,将多镜头组合式全景成像模型嵌入SLAM的初始化、局部地图生成、关键帧选取、图优化等各个流程中。此外,考虑全景相机变形大、基线长的不利因素,本文在特征匹配、平差、特征点跟踪等SLAM的各个步骤都进行了针对性改进。本文在两套车载全景数据集共8000余张全景影像上进行试验。结果表明,本文所提出的全景SLAM很好地实现了全景相机的自动定位与地图构建功能,并达到了接近GPS参考的极高定位精度而无须借助GPS/IMU组合导航系统。相对于主流的基于平面相机的各类SLAM系统,如Mono-SLAM、Stereo-SLAM以及RGB-DSLAM,本文提出的全景SLAM可作为良好的补充,并为GPS信号失锁时的传感器定位提供廉价的自动解决方案。 相似文献
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Digital still cameras have been widely adopted for close range photogrammetry and machine vision applications. Due to the advantages of onboard storage of digital images, portability and rapid data processing, digital still cameras are rapidly becoming standard equipment for measurement tasks such as industrial metrology and heritage recording. As for any metric application, the accuracy of the derived object data is dependent, amongst many other factors, on the accuracy of the camera calibration. For the vast majority of photogrammetric applications, use of the simple case of a block invariant calibration model comprising the primary physical parameters, including the principal point position, is sufficient. However, cameras designed for photojournalism and domestic use, such as the Kodak DCS420 and 460 cameras, are well known for their calibration instability because the design is based on a 35 mm SLR camera body. In particular, previous research has shown that the principal point location is prone to movement during normal handling of the camera, due to the mounting mechanism of the CCD array. This paper reports on an investigation of the physical behaviour of the principal point location and compares different calibration parameter models for the Kodak DCS420 and DCS460 digital still cameras. 相似文献
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论不同航天摄影测量传感器的摄影测量性能 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
王任享 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2001,26(2):95-100
介绍了光学框幅相机胶片摄影、光学相机CCD线阵摄影、微波雷达成像的摄影测量现状以及各自的摄影测量性能与特点。 相似文献
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非量测数码相机由于价格低廉、使用方便等原因成为近景摄影测量获取影像的主要设备之一。但非量测相机的内方位元素和畸变系数未知,不能直接利用共线方程进行解析计算,因而必须对相机进行检校。而相机参数检校成果质量的高低直接关系着能否满足测量精度的要求。本文提出了基于二维直接线性变换(DLT)的相机标定算法,利用平面控制点解算出像点坐标和相应物点物方空间坐标之间的线性关系,再结合内方位元素及畸变参数的解算进行迭代,以得到满足一定精度要求的相机参数(x0,y0,f,k1,k2,p1,p2),并用MATLAB加以实现。 相似文献
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主要阐述了航摄相机镜头校准的目的、意义,回顾了航摄相机校准的发展过程;分析了数字相机计量校准的发展状况和应用前景,论述实验室校准的方法和目的;提出了数字相机检定仪研制初步设想和需要解决的关键技术。 相似文献
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Y. D. Huang 《The Photogrammetric Record》1998,16(91):97-104
The calibration of phototheodolites such as the Wild P32/T2 combination sometimes involves determining not only the camera interior orientation parameters but also the camera-to-theodolite parameters. The latter become particularly important when the theodolite set orientation parameters are to be used as observations, especially as known quantities for data reduction in subsequent photogrammetric applications. This paper presents experiments to determine these parameters for a Wild P32 camera using a new camera-on-theodolite method, with details of results achieved. 相似文献
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CCD 相机检校是 CCD输入影象处理的一个必不可少的过程。本文对 CCD成象系统的几何性能进行了分析,提出了测定 CCD影象象素比例因子和象主点初值的简易实验方法。在此基础上,构造了一种同时顾及光、电误差的二维检校方法,井进行了相机检校实验。最后对检校结果进行了分析和讨论。 相似文献
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J. Dold 《The Photogrammetric Record》1998,16(92):199-212
In the past few years the automation of digital industrial photogrammetric systems has increased dramatically. Due to digital image processing software, coded targets and automatic matching methods, a huge number of photogrammetric measurement tasks can be fully automated. In many cases a "one button click" is enough to provide the three dimensional co-ordinates of measured points without any manual interaction, immediately after acquiring the images. The technology of intelligent cameras is a logical step towards automated photogrammetric measurements. An intelligent camera, which has an integrated computer, analyses the image immediately after it is taken. This technology provides not only a much shorter processing time for the images but also more control over the measurement process just when it is needed, during image acquisition. This takes place in the form of real time feedback.
This paper describes the role of a digital intelligent camera in the automation of an industrial photogrammetric measurement system and gives an overview of existing automation techniques in industrial photogrammetry. As an example of an intelligent camera, the performance of the new INCA digital intelligent camera, developed and manufactured by Geodetic Services, Inc. (GSI) and distributed by Leica, is described. 相似文献
This paper describes the role of a digital intelligent camera in the automation of an industrial photogrammetric measurement system and gives an overview of existing automation techniques in industrial photogrammetry. As an example of an intelligent camera, the performance of the new INCA digital intelligent camera, developed and manufactured by Geodetic Services, Inc. (GSI) and distributed by Leica, is described. 相似文献