胶东蓬家夼金矿床稳定同位素地球化学特征研究

蓬家夼金矿床是胶东地区新近发现的金矿床之一,矿体赋存在胶莱盆地东北缘拆离断层带中,为区内燕山期火山活动前期,大气水和岩浆水的参与下形成的层控蚀变构造角砾岩型金矿床。同位素研究表明,蓬家夼金矿的硫、碳来源于矿区围岩;部分铅则可能具有地幔成因。成矿流体δ18OH2O为0.59×10-3～4.03×10-3,δDH2O为-89.5×10-3～-97.9×10-3,反映了成矿流体由大气水和岩浆水混合组成的特点。成矿时代在90Ma～120Ma之间。     

延边地区金(铜)成矿系列稳定同位素地球化学

延边地区金(铜)成矿系列的成矿流体中氢、氧同位素研究表明,其中δ18O的范围为-10×10-3～+5×10-3,δD的范围为-120×10-3～-40×10-3。小西南岔金铜矿床早期成矿流体主要以岩浆水为主,为典型的斑岩型金铜矿床;刺猬沟、五凤金矿床成矿流体主要以大气降水为主,为浅成低温热液型矿床,闹枝金矿床的成矿流体是介于上述两种类型之间的过渡型。该成矿系列的典型矿床硫、碳同位素地球化学具有幔源的特征。     

延边地区浅成低温热液-斑岩型金矿成矿系列的氢、氧同位素特征

延边地区浅成低温热液-斑岩型金成矿系列的氢、氧同位素研究表明,δ(18O)=-10×10-3～+5×10-3,δ(D)=-120×10-3～-40×10-3。小西南岔金(铜)矿床早期成矿流体主要以岩浆水为主,成矿晚期有少量大气降水的加入,为典型的斑岩型金铜矿床;刺猬沟、五凤金矿床成矿流体主要以大气降水为主,水岩作用比值W/R=0.2～2,为浅成低温热液型矿床;闹枝金矿床的成矿流体是介于上述两种类型之间的过渡型。     

略阳东沟坝金、银、铅、锌、黄铁矿—重晶石型矿床的成因——成矿物理化学条件及稳定同位素地球化学研究

东沟坝金、银、铅、锌、黄铁矿重晶石型矿床的形成明显可以划分为两个不同的成矿期,本文主要讨论了变质热液叠加改造期的成矿物理化学条件。在此期间,成矿温度为176—263℃,成矿压力为50—100MPa,成矿流体的密度为0.845—0.935g/cm~3,成矿流体的盐度3×10~(-2)—6×10~(-2)(NaCl),成矿流体的氧逸度为10~(-31)—10~(-37),硫逸度10~(-15.7)—10~(-11.6),成矿流体的pH上限=5.80—6.00,pH下限=5.30—4.70,成矿流体的化学组成类型为Na~+-Ca~(2+)-K~+-Mg~(2+)-Cl~--HS~-(SO_4~(2-))-HCO_3~-型、金主要以硫金配合物的形式迁移。黄铁矿的δ~(34)S_(CDT)为0.1×10~(-3)—10.5×10~(-3)、重晶石的δ~(34)S_(ODT)为16.9×10~(-3)—20.3×10~(-3)、成矿流体的δ~(34)SΣ_S介于上述两者之间、明显偏离幔、源硫、系火山成因硫同海相硫的混合体。铅同位素组成在铅同位素演化曲线图解上,落在造山带,上地壳演化曲线附近,反映其多来源特征。成矿流体的δD积δ~(18)O_(H_2O)的变化范围较大,显示出海水变质水和大气降水的三要特征,说明东沟坝矿床的成矿流体的多来源特征。并指出该矿床为一受变质同生的火山沉积型金银多金属矿床。     

黔西北天桥铅锌矿床热液方解石C、O同位素和REE地球化学

利用连续流动质谱和电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)对黔西北天桥铅锌矿床原生矿石中脉石矿物热液方解石C、O同位素组成和稀土元素含量进行了分析,结果表明热液方解石C、O同位素组成相对均一,不同标高方解石C、O同位素组成不具明显差别,其δ13CPDB和δ18OSMOW分别为-3.4‰～-5.3‰和14.7‰～19.5‰,在δ13CPDB-δ18OSMOW图上介于原始碳酸岩与海相碳酸盐岩之间。热液方解石总稀土元素含量较低(ΣREE=6.80×10-6～49.1×10-6),表现为轻稀土富集、Eu负异常的"M"型,其Eu/Eu*变化范围为0.30～0.55,与硫化物具有相似的稀土配分模式。根据热液方解石与蚀变围岩、远矿围岩及不同时代地层碳酸盐岩的C、O同位素组成和REE含量特征对比结果,结合前人研究成果,认为该矿床成矿流体具"多来源混合"特征,其中围岩碳酸盐岩为成矿流体提供了主要的C和REE来源,地层中膏岩海相硫酸盐岩为成矿流体提供了主要的S来源,而成矿流体中的水则主要为变质基底昆阳群等提供的变质水,并受到大气降水的影响。     

南秦岭寒武系黑色岩系中夏家店金矿床地质地球化学特征

研究取得如下成果和认识确定了微细浸染型金矿床赋存于含矿性好的重晶石-硅质岩热水沉积岩系之中;矿床形成经历同生沉积成矿预富集,韧-脆性剪切构造叠加和后生热液改造金的工业富集过程,与本区古大陆俯冲-碰撞造山大地构造演化密切耦合.成矿作用共划分为3期8阶段,矿石由3类11亚类型组成,体现出复杂改造的成矿过程.矿化矿物流体包裹体均-温度集中在199～300℃,成矿压力为370×105～820×105 Pa,具中-低温热液成矿特征;成矿早期流体包裹体盐度3.27(NaCl)%,中晚期5.25(NaCl)%;6件矿化矿物氢氧同位素组成δ18OH2O为-7.86‰～0.37‰,δDH2O为-80.70‰～66.30‰,具有由大气降水向右横向漂移的以天水为主的成矿流体受到较强烈的改造;金矿床属于热水沉积-韧脆性构造叠加-大气降水为主含矿热液改造的微细粒浸染型(类卡林型)金矿床.     

熊耳地体南侧中晚元古代地层碳氧同位素组成：CMF模式的证据

前人运用 CMF 模式(碰撞造山成岩成矿与流体作用模式)推断熊耳地体金银矿床的成矿流体主要来自其南侧中晚元古代地层(官道口群和栾川群)的陆内俯冲变质脱水作用,并推测该套地层富放射成因铅和锶,δ~(13)C 和δ~(18)O 值较高。为检验该推论和 CMF 模式正确与否,作者对该套地层开展了研究,本文报道了碳氧同位素研究结果。13件岩石样品δ~(18)O 值变化于9.1‰～16.7‰,平均13.3‰;4件δ~(13)C_(CaCO_3)值为-2.8‰～0.8‰,平均-0.9‰,计算表明,该套地层在320～373℃(熊耳地体多数矿床早阶段成矿温度范围)变质脱水所形成流体的δ~(18)O值为2.6‰～14.6‰,与推测结果一致,覆盖了熊耳地体已有早阶段成矿流体的δ~(18)O值(5.1‰～12.6‰),计算的中晚元古代地层变质流体的δ~(13)C_(CO_2)随介于-0.7‰～4‰,也与熊耳地体成矿流体的δ~(13)C_(CO_2)值(-2.1‰～4‰,成矿早阶段一般δ~(13)C_(CO_2)>0)一致。如此以来,我们的研究结果证明了前人的推论和 CMF 模式的科学性与实用性,CMF 模式可以用于指导熊耳地体或类似构造环境的矿床勘查和地质研究。     

甘肃省文县阳山金矿床流体包裹体的地球化学特征

甘肃省文县阳山金矿床是近年来在陕甘川交界地带发现的一个产于泥盆系浅变质岩系的特大型金矿床。流体包裹体的系统分析结果表明:(1)镜下石英和方解石中流体包裹体的类型丰富多样。据室温状态下流体包裹体的相态、加热状态下流体包裹体的性状及产出特征,鉴别出2种成因类型及7种物理状态类型;(2)流体包裹体显微测温结果显示本区的均一温度在105～310℃之间,主要集中在260～310℃、220～240℃、150～190℃3个区间,成矿流体组分体系接近于NaCl H2O CO2体系,成矿流体密度估计在0 35～1 02g/cm3之间,成矿压力估计在400×105～800×105Pa之间,流体包裹体盐度估计在2 5%～10 4%NaCl之间;(3)从流体包裹体成分分析获得的pH值为6 91～7 1,还原参数n(CH4+CO+H2)/n(CO2)的摩尔数比值在0 009～0 050之间,表明具有浅成中偏碱性和弱还原环境成矿的特点;(4)石英中流体包裹体的δDSMOW值为-92 4‰～-62 9‰,δ18O石英SMOW值在-3 09‰～+0 41‰之间,δ18OH2OSMOW值在-12 13‰～-8 48‰之间。综合分析认为成矿可能主要与低温热液作用有关。     

五凤浅成热液金矿床地质特征及成矿机理研究

五凤金矿床是中生代陆相火山环境中的浅成热液型矿床。其典型的蚀变矿物包括绢云母、冰长石、玉髓、蛋白石、浊沸石、水白云母和蒙脱石。流体包裹体研究表明,成矿温度集中于200～240℃,含盐度很低(1.0wt％～1.5wt％NaCl),成矿压力为4.0×10~7～6.8×10~7Pa,流体由偏碱性向弱碱性演化;稳定同位素研究结果为,δD=-66‰～-98‰,δ~(18)O_(H_2O)=-3.2‰～-7.2‰,δ~(34)S=1.0‰～2.6‰,δ~(13)C=-6.9‰～-9.4‰。由此推断成矿流体为天水成因的地热水,矿质来自深源。它完全可以同世界上典型的浅成热液贵金属矿床相类比。     

新疆红十井金矿床特征及成因

文章通过K_Ar同位素年龄 ,氢、氧、硫、铅等同位素测试和流体包裹研究 ,结合红十井金矿床的地质、矿区岩石化学、微量元素及稀土元素地球化学特征 ,探讨了红十井金矿床含金建造与金矿关系及矿床成因。研究表明红十井金矿床为晚古生代裂谷带火山岩区受韧性剪切带控制的中_低温热液矿床 ,矿体赋存于中石炭统玄武 (玢 )岩及凝灰质砂岩组成的含金建造内 ,成矿物质主要来源于含金建造 ,矿化以蚀变岩型和石英脉型为主。成矿年龄为2 0 9～ 2 6 7Ma。成矿流体为岩浆水、玄武 (玢 )岩和凝灰质砂岩的变质水、建造水和大气降水的混合溶液 ,δD为 - 114.6‰～ - 6 8.8‰ ,δ18OH2 O变化为 - 2 .47‰～ 5 .91‰。成矿温度为 115～ 381℃ ,成矿压力为 471.8× 10 5～ 6 75 .9× 10 5Pa ;流体盐度w(NaCleq)为 2 .18%～ 16 .77% ,平均 7.79% ,流体属中_低盐度、H2 O_CO2 体系。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861