藻粉的交联方法与吸附效率的研究

本文研究了甲醛、戊二醛、甲醇作交联剂对海带藻粉进行化学交联后，不同交联方式对Cu^2 、Cd^2 的吸附率的影响，并与未交联的藻粉吸附Cu^2 、Cd^2 的效果进行了比较．同时分析了藻粉对Cu^2 、Cd^2 金属离子吸附动力学方程，探讨了pH值、温度、藻粉颗粒粒径等因素对吸附率的影响．     

固定化海带粉吸附剂对污水中3种重金属离子吸附的模拟研究

为了探讨海带粉吸附剂工业运用的可能性,采用海藻酸钙包埋法对海带粉进行固定,在合适的反应条件下对Ni2+、Cu2、pb2+三种重金属离子进行吸附.采用二级动力学方程、Langmuir方程和Freundlich方程对吸附过程进行模拟.结果显示二级动力学方程能很好地对固定化海带粉吸附剂吸附Ni2+、Cu2+、pb2+过程进行拟合,平衡时的吸附量分别达到0.317 4、0.465 9、0.501 5 mg/g,对应的二级动力学常数为0.128、0.116、0.114 g/(mg·min),即三种离子的吸附速率Ni2+＞ Cu2+＞ Pb2+;Langmuir方程和Freundlich方程都能较好地模拟Ni2+、Cu2+、pb2+的吸附过程,根据Langmuir方程Ni2+、Cu2、pb2+的最大吸附量分别达到2.786、13.699、39.063 mg/g,即吸附效果pb2+＞Cu2+＞ Ni2+,该实验对日后开发海藻生物吸附剂并将其大量制成应用产品有一定的意义.     

羊栖菜吸附重金属的研究

羊栖菜吸附重金属的能力很强,25℃时最大吸附容量达到3.5毫摩尔/克,远高于马尾藻的报道值(2~2.3毫摩尔/克)。而且,其吸附速率很快,在20min内90%的吸附容量即被饱和。Langmuir模型能够良好地拟合其吸附平衡曲线。     

广西北部湾马尾藻脂肪酸组成的研究

海藻中含有大量的长链和不饱和度很高的脂肪酸(Lovern,1936)。由于海藻受生长环境的影响,其中脂肪酸特別是高度不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)的组成与高等植物和淡水藻等有很大的区别,有许多值得研究和探讨之处,近年来已成为海藻化学研究的热点。应当指出的是,由于海洋动物自身不能合成PUFA,其体内的PUFA是通过食物链从海藻中摄取的,所以可以认为海藻是海洋脂肪酸的原始生产者,也是研究不饱和脂肪酸的合成和转化的主要环节。 马尾藻是海洋中分布范围广且产量高的大型海藻,作者研究马尾藻脂肪酸的组成,不仅着眼于其理论意义,而且更注重它的实际应用价值。本文采用我国广西北部湾的马尾藻,利用气相色谱法(GC)较系统地分析测定了8种习见的马尾藻中脂肪酸的组分,就其在不同种类中的含量分布、饱合及不饱和脂肪酸的存在比例等组成特点进行了研究,并与褐藻类的海带、红藻类的条斑紫菜以及绿藻类的孔石莼进行了比较,从而获得了马尾藻脂肪酸组成的基础数据,为开发利用这一宝贵资源提供了有效的理论依据。     

大型海藻体内TN和TP含量及其对近海环境修复的意义

本文研究了广东省珠海桂山岛附近海域网箱养殖区生长的细基江蓠（Gracilaria tenuistipitata）、石莼（Ulva pertusa）、海带（Lamianaria japonica）、羽藻（Bryopisis plumosa）和草叶马尾藻（Sargassum graminifolium）5种典型大型海藻在不同月份体内总氮（TN）、总磷（TP）的含量，并分析了其对近海环境修复的意义。结果表明，这5种海藻2—5月份各自TN平均含量的变化范围为4．076％-5．460％（m／m，干重，下同），TP月平均含量的变化范围为0．285％-0．510％（m／m，干重，下同）。这5种海藻TN、TP含量随生长月份而变化，在生长旺盛月份，海藻体内TN、TP含量相对较高。对本次研究结果的分析表明，石莼、羽藻体内TN、TP含量较高，可作为近海富营养化水环境修复的优选海藻。     

海藻细胞和组织培养的研究Ⅱ——山东马尾藻(Sargassum Shantungensis Tseng et Zhang)叶片再生的研究

前言用褐藻类作为海藻组织培养对象进行研究的有Moss(1963)研究了墨角藻、Russell(1970)研究了网地藻、Saga(1977)研究了海带、Mclachlan等(1972)研究了四种墨角菜的假根组织所生类胚体、Fleteher等(1975)研究了马尾藻     

海带雌配子体在不同发育时期对高温的适应力

一.前 言 温度是生物生存的一个必需因素。海藻的生长发育也同样受温度的制约。不同的生物或同一种生物在不同发育时期(或不同发育阶段)对温度的要求有所不同,所能耐受的温度有所不同。海藻也这样。关于温度对海带孢子体生长发育的影响,曾呈奎、吴超元和孙国玉(1957)已有过研究。关于海带配子体和幼孢子体对高温适应力     

浒苔和马尾藻的生消与海表面温度的相互影响研究

温度是影响藻类生长繁殖的一个重要因素。本文针对2013年6月在黄海海域出现的大量浒苔和马尾藻事件,基于MODIS(Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer)卫星遥感数据,分析了此次事件中浒苔和马尾藻生消过程与海表面温度之间的关系。首先根据浒苔、马尾藻和水体的光谱特征曲线,本文利用大型浮游藻类指数(Macroalgae Index,MI)对浒苔和马尾藻进行了识别,并且对浒苔和马尾藻生消过程中的MI值和对应的海表面温度进行了分析,结果表明:在此次事件中,海水温度是影响浒苔和马尾藻生长繁殖的重要环境因子,浒苔和马尾藻处的海表面温度比周围水体的海表面温度高1~2℃,浒苔和马尾藻爆发的适宜温度范围为23~26℃。     

三种海藻的热解特性及动力学分析

采用动力学分析方法对三种海藻(龙须菜、角叉菜和马尾藻)进行了热解和动力学分析。结果表明,角叉菜热稳定性最低,龙须菜和马尾藻的热稳定性相近;与马尾松等典型陆地高等植物相比,海藻的热稳定性都较低。采用Popescu法计算表明,AvramiErofeev方程可以用来描述三种海藻的主要挥发分脱除过程。在三种海藻中,角叉菜的平均活化能最低,这也表明其热稳定性最低。与马尾松等陆高等植物相比,海藻热解发生在较低的温区,且主要表现为放热效应,而马尾松等陆地高等植物热解发生在较高的温区,存在明显的吸热效应。     

几种褐藻中褐藻多糖硫酸酯的分离及分析

分别从３种马尾藻及３份不同产地的海带中提取出褐藻多糖酸酯，并比较了它们的得率和化学组分。得率最高的在大连产海带，为５．５％。马尾藻褐藻多糖硫酸酯组成都很复杂，硫酸根含量都比较低。     

Microbial Biomass and Organic Nutrients in the Deep-Sea Sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin

In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance.     

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中桩周土强度弱化研究

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。     

Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification

An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm.     

Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans

A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level.     

Deep-Sea Sediment Compression Curves: Some Controlling Factors, Spurious Overconsolidation, Predictions, and Geophysical Reproduction

Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations.     

INFORMATION FOR AUTHORS

<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology,     

Estimation of Sediment Properties during Benthic Impact Experiments

Sediment properties, such as water content and density, have been used to estimate the dry and wet weights, as well as the volume of sediment recovered and discharged, during benthic impact experiments conducted in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The estimates show that the weights of dry (355-1332 t) and wet sediment (1651-4888 t) recovered during the experiments, are not only a function of the total duration and distance covered during the experiment, but also depend on water content and density of the sediment. Estimation of dry sediment and its volumetric ratio in the discharge, are key parameters for calculating the discharged volume. The estimated volume of wet sediment recovered (1427-4049 m 3 ) as well as discharged (2693-6951 m 3 ) during the experiments, provide important inputs to evaluate the sediment resettlement and migration. Using these estimates, the average depth of excavation on the seafloor, can also been calculated. However, the stages of sediment recovery and discharge are expressed differently in some of the experiments. In order to standardize these, different stages have been identified, and definitions of certain terms have been suggested, for use in the future. The methods of calculating different properties, as well as weight and volume of discharged sediment are described in the paper for use in other applications concerning deep-sea discharges.