藏南定结铁镁质麻粒岩矿物化学、PTt轨迹和折返过程

定结铁镁质麻粒岩出露于藏南拆离系和申扎-定结伸展构造系交汇处的高喜马拉雅岩系糜棱岩化片麻岩内, 以不同规模的透镜状包体沿着糜棱面理分布, 主要岩石类型包括退变石榴石斜长辉石岩、石榴石二辉麻粒岩和辉石斜长角闪岩等. 详细的岩相学分析表明这些铁镁质麻粒岩经历了至少四个阶段的变质演化, 早期形成了石榴石+单斜辉石+石英(榴辉岩)矿物组合(M1)、早期降压分解形成斜长石+单斜辉石后成合晶构成的高压麻粒岩矿物组合(M2)、晚期降压分解形成的斜长石+单斜辉石+紫苏辉石后成合晶构成的麻粒岩相矿物组合(M3)和最后降温水化形成的斜长石+角闪石退变质矿物组合(M4). 详细的矿物电子探针成分分析表明早期石榴石和单斜辉石(M1和M2)矿物成分与B类和C类榴辉岩同类矿物的成分特征相似, M3单斜辉石与麻粒岩相单斜辉石的成分特征一致. 早期残晶矿物组合形成于榴辉岩相(M1), 早期降压分解(M2)反应发生于1.35~1.48 GPa, 625~675℃, 降压分解的M3麻粒岩相变质阶段矿物组合形成于0.7~0.95 GPa, 775~900℃, M4退化变质的斜长石+角闪石矿物组合形成于4.0~7.5 GPa、660~700℃, 记录了俯冲增厚－构造隆升的PTt轨迹. 矿物化学特征和不同阶段变质作用的P-T条件表明早期经历了榴辉岩相变质作用. 折返过程中经历了榴辉岩相构造隆升、榴辉岩-高压麻粒岩相到麻粒岩相均衡隆升和伸展隆升的三阶段折返过程.     

大别山榴辉岩氢氧同位素组成及其地球动力学意义

对大别山东部超高压榴辉岩氧同位素研究表明,这些榴辉岩的δ~(18)O值分布表现出显著不均一性,从低达一2.6‰变化至十7.0‰.榴辉岩中各矿物之间的氧同位素分馏达到并保持了平衡,表明岩石在遭受超高压变质作用之前与亏损~(18)O的流体进行过相互作用.含羟基矿物的δD值为一 5l‰～一83‰,指示参与的流体是古大气降水,它与榴辉岩原岩(某种玄武质岩石)发生过显著的氧同位素交换.超高压变质榴辉岩中大气降水同位素信息的保存表明,这种榴辉告的原岩曾经出露于大陆地壳表面,并且当包含榴辉岩原岩的板块俯冲至地幔深度时,地壳与地幔之间的物质交换非常有限,因此滞留时间非常短暂(<20 Ma).不同矿物对的氧同位素平衡温度基本一致,反映出这种超高压变质榴辉告在地幔深度下形成之后,经历了一个快速的冷却和上升过程.     

江苏东海红土山、青龙山榴辉岩的变质作用和成因问题

本文就红土山和青龙山榴辉岩的矿物、岩石组分和矿物共生组合特征,参照矿物、岩石实验数据和实验曲线,计算出该榴辉岩是在T=890°-1270℃,P=17.25-24.75Kb,相当于52—74公里深度的区域变质作用条件下形成。其原岩可能来源于拉斑玄武岩。榴辉岩在成岩后又遭受了剪切挤压的动力变质作用,使其经历了进变质和退变质作用。推测榴辉岩的成岩和迁移,所经历的条件是温度由1080℃±190℃降到750℃±80℃,压力由21.0Kb±3.75Kb 降到4.3Kb±2.5Kb,并被挤压到壳内混合岩化片麻岩系中,以大小不等的透镜体产出。动力变质的退变质作用,其温度、压力条件,本文计算的方程式为P(Kb)=0.0506T(℃)-33.65,为地震地质提供构造演变的条件和有关能量计算问题     

大别山-苏鲁地体超高压变质年代学——Ⅰ.Sm-Nd同位素体系

原岩是辉长岩的含柯石英榴辉岩,其超高压变质作用将在“干”条件下进行,矿物具有较高的封闭温度,并能观察到Nd同位素不平衡现象.若榴辉岩原岩是变玄武岩,在超高压变质时,角闪石将分解并释放出水,因而矿物Nd同位素封闭温度较低,并可达到Nd同位素平衡.岩石后期蚀变及与深部流体的相互作用是影响Sm-Nd定年的最主要因素.大别山含柯石英榴辉岩的可靠Sm-Nd同位素年龄集中在221～232Ma,虽然数值略低,但接近榴辉岩的峰期变质时代.苏家河低温榴辉岩有可能是古生代洋壳俯冲成因.     

云南地壳和上地幔的岩石学结构

通过对地表出露变质岩、深部地震测深资料和高温高压岩石波速测试资料的综合分析 ,研究了云南地壳和上地幔岩石组成。结果表明 ,云南上、中、下地壳分别由绿片岩相 (顶部为沉积层 )、角闪岩相和麻粒岩相变质岩组成或分别由与之相当的花岗岩类、闪长岩类、辉长岩类组成 ,部分地区地壳底部有镁铁质榴辉岩存在。上地幔由橄榄岩组成 ,部分地区 (兰坪思茅坳陷和滇中坳陷 )壳幔过渡带可能由镁铁质榴辉岩和橄榄岩组成     

云南地壳和上地幔的岩石学结构

通过对地表出露变质岩、深部地震测深资料和高温高压岩石波速测试资料的综合分析，研究了云南地壳和上地幔岩石组成。结果表明，云南上、中、下地壳分别由绿片岩相(顶部为沉积层)、角闪岩相和麻粒岩相变质岩组成或分别由与之相当的花岗岩类、闪长岩类、辉长岩类组成，部分地区地壳底部有镁铁质榴辉岩存在。上地幔由橄榄岩组成，部分地区(兰坪思茅坳陷和滇中坳陷)壳幔过渡带可能由镁铁质榴辉岩和橄榄岩组成。     

岩浆底侵作用与汉诺坝现今壳-幔边界组成

从汉诺坝新生代玄武岩中岩浆底侵成因的麻粒岩相和榴辉岩相堆晶岩、橄榄岩和辉石岩捕虏体的岩石矿物组合、岩石结构、矿物学、主微量元素和同位素地球化学特征, 讨论和限定了壳-幔边界岩石组成, 并得到岩石高温高压波速实验和深部地球物理探测结果的支持. 现今下部下地壳主要由麻粒岩相镁铁质堆晶岩(以斜长二辉岩为主)组成; 壳-幔过渡带主要由榴辉岩相石榴辉石岩、辉石岩和尖晶石二辉橄榄岩等组成; 太古代地体麻粒岩只是名义上的早期下地壳. 发生在壳-幔边界的岩浆底侵作用导致地壳的垂向增生和壳-幔过渡带的形成, 是显生宙以来壳-幔边界组成和化学调整的重要机制.     

岩浆底侵作用与汉诺坝现今壳-幔边界组成--捕虏体岩石学与地球化学证据

从汉诺坝新生代玄武岩中岩浆底侵成因的麻粒岩相和榴辉岩相堆晶岩、橄榄岩和辉石岩捕虏体的岩石矿物组合、岩石结构、矿物学、主微量元素和同位素地球化学特征, 讨论和限定了壳-幔边界岩石组成, 并得到岩石高温高压波速实验和深部地球物理探测结果的支持. 现今下部下地壳主要由麻粒岩相镁铁质堆晶岩(以斜长二辉岩为主)组成; 壳-幔过渡带主要由榴辉岩相石榴辉石岩、辉石岩和尖晶石二辉橄榄岩等组成; 太古代地体麻粒岩只是名义上的早期下地壳. 发生在壳-幔边界的岩浆底侵作用导致地壳的垂向增生和壳-幔过渡带的形成, 是显生宙以来壳-幔边界组成和化学调整的重要机制.     

大陆岩石圈流变与地震波速各向异性

岩石的流变决定了地球各时空尺度的变形,是理解大陆岩石圈构造演化的关键.岩石流变学的研究主要通过高温高压流变学实验和天然变形岩石的多尺度观测来实现,目前已经积累了大量的数据.本文总结了岩石圈不同深度主要造岩矿物,包括橄榄石、斜方辉石、单斜辉石、角闪石、斜长石、石英和云母的流变机制、组构类型以及地震学性质;介绍了岩石圈地幔橄榄岩、榴辉岩、基性麻粒岩、斜长角闪岩和长英质岩石的高温高压实验和天然变形观测进展,包括流变学强度和行为、地震波速和各向异性等;以青藏高原为例,讨论了岩石流变学研究在解译地震波速各向异性的定量化约束作用.将矿物变形组构与地震波各向异性相结合,有望在岩石圈流变学机制和结构的研究中取得重要突破.     

北羌塘新第三纪高钾钙碱火山岩系的成因及其大陆动力学意义

北羌塘新第三纪高钾钙碱系列火山岩主要岩石类型为安山岩、英安岩和流纹岩类, 属典型的壳源岩浆系列, 是加厚的陆壳基底脱水熔融的产物. 岩石具轻稀土富集和无负Eu异常的特殊地球化学特征, 表明其源区物质组成相当于榴辉岩相, 从而揭示了羌塘地区在新第三纪板块碰撞这一特定的构造背景下, 陆壳已经被加厚并形成了一个榴辉岩质的下地壳类型.     

Multi-isotopic system geochronology of low temperature eclogite from Huangzhen,Southern Dabie Terrain

Zircon U-Pb thermal ionization mass-spectrometer (TIMS) and secondary ion mass-spectrometer (SIMS) dating, mica and amphibole 40Ar-39Ar dating and mineral Sm-Nd isotopic compositions of Huangzhen Iow temperature eclogite and country granitic gneiss are carried out. The zircon U-Pb weighted average SIMS age is (231.6±9.7) Ma for one eclogite.The mica 40Ar-39Ar isochron age is (232.6±2.1) Ma and the lowest plateau age is (221.7±2.4)Ma from same sample. U-Pb TIMS concordant ages from other eclogite zircons are from (221.3± 1.4) Ma to (222.5±2.3) Ma. U-Pb SIMS low intercept age from country granitic gneiss is (221±35) Ma. The retrograde amphibole 40Ar-39Ar isochron age is (205.9± 1.0) Ma. Except for mica,which may contain excess 40Ar, all the ages represent peak and retrograde metamorphism of low temperature eclogites. It is indicated that the Huangzhen low temperature eclogites differ from Xiongdian low temperature eclogites of north of the Northern Dabie Terrain in metamorphic ages.Huangzhen low temperature eclogites share one coherent HP-UHP terrain with high temperature eclogites from Southern Dabie Terrain and they may have differences in subduction depth and cooling rates during exhumation.     

Ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic records hidden in zircons from amphibolites in Sulu Terrane, eastern China

Abstract The amphibolites occur sporadically as thin layers and blocks throughout the Sulu Terrane, eastern China. All analyzed amphibolite from outcrop and drill cores from prepilot drill hole CCSD‐PP1 and CCSD‐PP2, Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling Project in the Sulu Terrane, are retrograded eclogites overprinted by amphibolite‐facies retrograde metamorphism, with characteristic mineral assemblages of amphibole + plagioclase + epidote ± quartz ± biotite ± ilmenite ± titanite. However, coesite and coesite‐bearing ultrahigh‐pressure (UHP) mineral assemblages are identified by Raman spectroscopy and electron microprobe analysis as inclusions in zircons separated from these amphibolites. In general, coesite and other UHP mineral inclusions are preserved in the cores and mantles of zircons, whereas quartz inclusions occur in the rims of the same zircons. The UHP mineral assemblages consist mainly of coesite + garnet + omphacite + rutile, coesite + garnet + omphacite, coesite + garnet + omphacite + phengite + rutile + apatite, coesite + omphacite + rutile and coesite + magnesite. Compositions of analyzed mineral inclusions are very similar to those of matrix minerals from Sulu eclogites. These UHP mineral inclusion assemblages yield temperatures of 631–780°C and pressures of ≥2.8 × 10³ MPa, representing the P–T conditions of peak metamorphism of these rocks, which are consistent with those (T = 642–726°C; P ≥ 2.8 × 10³ MPa) deduced from adjacent eclogites. These data indicate that the amphibolites are the retrogressive products of UHP eclogites.     

Low temperature eclogite facies metamorphism in Western Tianshan, Xinjiang

According to the field occurrences and petrological study, the low temperature eclogite facies metamorphic rocks in Western Tianshan of Xinjiang can be divided into five types: (i) massive glaucophane-epidote eclogites and glaucophane-paragonite eclogites; (ii) schistose or gneissic mica eclogites; (iii) banded calcite eclogites; (iv) pillow glaucophane eclogites; (v) garnet-omphacite quartzites. Their eclogite facies metamorphism has undergone four stages of evolution: (i) pre-peak lawsonite-blueschist facies stage,T = 350–4000°C,P = 0.7–0.9 GPa; (ii) peak eclogite facies stage,T = 530 ± 20°C,P = 1.6–1.9 GPa; (iii) retrograde epidote-blueschist facies stage, T=500–530°C,P = 0.9–1.2 GPa and (iv) retrograde blueschist-greenschist facies stage,T= 450–550°C,P= 0.7–0.8 GPa. The metamorphic PT path of Western Tianshan eclogites is characterized by clockwise ITD resulting from the subduction of Tarim plate northward to Yili-Central Tianshan plate followed by fast uplift to the surface. But there were at least two stages of blueschist facies retrograde metamorphism overprinted during their uplift.     

大别超高压榴辉岩高温高压下电导率实验研究

为研究大陆中下地壳高导层成因及与物质组成之间的关系，用模拟实验的方法在不同的温度、压力条件下分别测定了干的和1mol/LNaCl溶液饱和的榴辉岩的电导率.结果表明，干榴辉岩平行线理方向的电导率比垂直于线理方向的高，但两个方向上的活化能相近.在中下地壳条件下，干榴辉岩的电导率比中下地壳高导层电导率值低几个数量级.常温下1mol/LNaCl溶液饱和的榴辉岩两个方向上的电导率对压力具有不同的依赖性；在中下地壳条件下，1mol/LNaCl溶液饱和的榴辉岩的电导率可达到一般高导层的电导率值.无论干的还是饱和的榴辉岩都不能解释大别山20-50km深处的高导层成因，因此，在该深度范围内榴辉岩不可能是主要的岩石组成.     

Oxygen isotopes in coexisting garnets, clinopyroxenes and phlogopites of Roberts Victor eclogites: implications for petrogenesis and mantle metasomatism

δ¹⁸O values of coexisting garnet, clinopyroxene and phlogopite for twelve compositionally and texturally diverse Roberts Victor eclogite xenoliths range from +3.8 to +7.1, +4.0 to +7.4 and +5.9 to +7.4, respectively. Differences between theδ¹⁸O values of coexisting garnets and clinopyroxenes are normally zero; however, there is some variation in theδ¹⁸O values of different fractions of the same mineral in four samples which suggests the presence of isotopic zonation and inhomogeneity, possibly resulting from the introduction of a secondary fluid which metasomatized the eclogites and resulted in the formation of phlogopite, amphibole and celsian. Theδ¹⁸O value of the metasomatic fluid is generally buffered by the isotopic composition of the primary garnet and clinopyroxene, as indicated by a correlation between the isotopic composition of phlogopite and the primary pyroxene and garnet.The large range inδ¹⁸O values of the eclogites and the similarity in the isotopic composition of coexisting pyroxene and garnet support the interpretation that the Roberts Victor eclogites represent metamorphosed, altered basalts. The eclogites were subjected to infiltration metasomatism in the mantle prior to their incorporation in the kimberlite, and the source of this fluid was probably unrelated to the eclogite.     

Poisson's ratio of eclogite: Implications for lower crustal delamination of orogens

Eclogite is essentially a bi-mineralogic high-grade metamorphic rock consisting of garnet and omphacite and is the product of high-to-ultrahigh pressure metamorphism of basaltic rocks due to the subduction of oceanic crust or the thickening/subduction of …     

An oxygen isotope study of quartz veins within eclogites from the Dabie terrane

The oxygen isotope composition of minerals from quartz veins and host eclogites in the Dabie terrane was measured in order to place geochemical constraints on the origin and transport of metamorphic fluid. The results are discussed together with structural and petrological relationships between quartz vein and wallrock. The quartz veins can be temporally classified into three groups: (1) synmetamorphic vein which would be formed prior to eclogite-facies recrystallization when they were exhumated from mantle depths to deep crustal levels; (2) early retrogressive vein which was formed in the early stage of eclogite exhumation subsequent to the recrystallization, the vein-forming fluid is still relevant to the eclogites; (3) late retrogressive vein which was formed in the late stage of eclogite exhumation from deep crustal to upper crustal levels, oxygen isotope fractionation between vein quartz and host eclogite significantly deviates from equilibrium values and the vein-forming fluid was principally derived from granitic gneiss hosting the eclogites. For the synmetamorphic vein, it appears that local advective transport of fluid is the predominant mechanism in the processes of vein precipitation; the scale of oxygen isotope homogenization within the veins is much larger than that within the associated eclogites. The vein-forming fluid would be derived from the exsolution of dissolved hydroxyls within eclogite minerals due to significant pressure decrease. Fluid flow prior to the eclogite-facies recrystallization and the early retrogression may occur mainly along pressure gradients.     

Ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks and the thermal evolution of continent collision belts

Abstract Coesite-bearing eclogites exposed in the Alpine, Qinling-Dabie (China), Caledonian, and Ural orogenic belts provide insight into the time-dependent thermal structure of continent collision belts. Coesite-bearing eclogites record peak metamorphic temperatures of 550-900°C at pressures ≥ 2.5 GPa reflecting anomalously cool conditions at depths of 90 km or more. The low temperatures recorded by coesite-bearing eclogites strongly suggest formation in a convergent plate margin where the downward advection of cool lithosphere depresses isotherms on a regional scale. Subduction zone pressure-temperature (P-T) paths calculated using a two-dimensional finite-difference model predict steady-state temperatures of 450-650°C at 100 km depth at the slab-mantle interface for convergence rates of 10 to 100 mm/yr. Coesite-bearing eclogites record peak temperatures ~100-250°C higher, possibly reflecting (i) formation during the early stages of convergence prior to the achievement of thermal steady state; (ii) attainment of peak metamorphic temperatures during decompression (exhumation); (iii) formation during slow, <10 mm/yr, convergence; or (iv) uncertainties in the modeling parameters. Retrograde P-T paths determined for coesite-bearing eclogites from the western Alps and China indicate cooling during decompression from depths of ~100 km. Cooling of eclogite terrains during exhumation requires loss of heat downward into lithosphere that continues to subduct beneath the eclogites, loss of heat upward into the cooler hanging wall of a large-scale normal fault/shear zone, or a combination of the two scenarios.