云南鲁甸6.5级地震序列的谱振幅相关系数变化特征

使用云南数字地震台网记录的波形资料,计算了云南鲁甸MS6.5地震序列的谱振幅相关系数。8月3日19时至8月4日5时,谱振幅相关系数由序列的最小值持续升高至最大值,期间发生了4次4级余震,表明震源机制逐渐趋于一致,4级地震发生在谱振幅相关系数波动相对较大的阶段。其后谱振幅相关系数一直维持在0.82的高值状态,8月17日距离鲁甸地震震中110 km的同一构造区永善发生MS5.0地震,表明谱振幅相关系数高区域应力水平较高。     

工程地震研究中的地震问题：——进展与动态

通过对地震发生模型、地震的震源特性，不确定性问题和ＧＩＳ技术的应用等４方面的阐述，提出了工程场地地震安全性评价的发展趋势及新理论、新技术的运用。     

长春岭油田储层预测研究

常用的储层横向预测技术有地震属性分析技术和地震反演技术两大类,应用这两种技术对长春岭油田扶余油层进行了储层预测研究.研究结果表明,长春岭油田地震资料的振幅属性与已知井砂岩发育情况吻合较好,本文利用振幅属性描述了扶余油层Ⅰ～Ⅳ砂组储层砂岩的分布趋势.应用地震反演方法得到扶余油层储层砂岩纵横向展布规律,经钻探证明,预测的结果比较可靠.     

波动理论基础知识及其在地震工程中的初步应用

为配合地震综合预防、减灾活动,本刊从此期起首次组织有关地震波动理论及工程应用的专题系列讲座。廖振鹏教授长期从事近场强地震学研究,在地震波动理论与工程实践方面成绩卓著。本讲座是作者为工程力学研究所(原中国科学院,现国家地震局)研究生自1979半起开设的课程“地震工程中的波动问题”(讲义)的一部份,简明而有特色地介绍波动理论的基本概念和方法及其在地震工程中的初步应用。本刊承作者之允,希望通过这一讲座有助于对该领域感兴趣的读者进一步掌握波动理论的基础知识,并将其与工程应用结合起来,为推动地震工程领域内一系列极为重要的问题的解决作出贡献。     

非线性波动理论在地震勘探中的应用综述

从非线性科学入手,详细地分析了非线性波动场产生的物理机制及国内科学者对非线性波动理论的研究现状,对非线性波动问题的求解技术进行详细概述,并分析了各种算法的特点,最后对非线性波动现场今研究的一些物理现象进行了综合分析,并探讨了非线性波动理论在地震勘探中的应用前景。     

基于地震属性的煤层厚度预测模型及其应用

地震属性技术在岩性和构造解释等方面得到了越来越广泛的应用,特别是在煤、油气资源勘探中具有重要的作用.基于淮南矿区谢桥1区13 1煤层地震勘探资料,提取了28种地震属性数据;通过地震属性的分析,优选出平均峰值振幅、振幅的峰态、最大绝对振幅、瞬时频率斜率等4种地震属性作为煤层厚度预测模型基本参数,结合已知钻孔资料,利用多元多项式回归以及BP人工神经网络方法,求出了各属性与煤厚之间的多元多项式回归模型及人工神经网络模型,并对模型进行了误差分析和应用结果对比分析,反映出人工神经网络模型在煤厚预测中具有好的应用效果.     

一类统计模型在地震预报中的应用

本文提出了一类用于地震预测的统计模型,该模型包括地震活动的趋势部分、周期成分及随机波动部分,并据该模型对小华北地区的地震趋势进行了估计。     

灰色模型在甘肃东部地震预报中的应用

1.前言根据已有的地震活动资料可以看出,地震的发生在空间上极不均匀,在时间上也极不平稳,并且其过程随时间的发展也不是简单的周期性变化。因此地震的孕育和发生是随机性很强的复杂过程,用一般较简单的函数来拟合这种过程不可能得到很好效果。本文应用灰色系统中的灾变预测理论,以甘肃东部地震为例来研究地震的中长期预报问题。     

井中地震三维高效黏声逆时偏移成像方法及应用

井中地震是井中激发地面接收的一种新型地震采集方法, 与地面地震相比, 具有采集成本低, 作业效率高的优点.此外, 井中地震资料信噪比高、频带宽、波场丰富, 可实现井周小尺度构造精细成像.在油藏开发中, 井中地震可实现油藏描述与监测.鉴于上述原因, 近年来, 井中地震受到业内越来越多的关注.然而, 井中地震震源能量弱, 地层吸收衰减效应的影响强于地面地震.因此, 需要发展针对性的井中地震衰减补偿偏移成像方法.本文基于Kelvin-Voigt模型推导新的振幅衰减和相位频散解耦的黏声波动方程, 通过改进激发振幅成像条件, 实现高效的井中三维地震黏声逆时偏移成像方法.此外, 本文采用时变低通滤波器压制高波数噪声, 提升黏声逆时偏移方法的稳定性.数值算例及实际资料应用表明, 本文提出的井中三维黏声逆时偏移成像方法计算效率高、稳定性好, 实用化潜力大.

     

新型地震预警方法研究及预警能力分析

本文研究了一种不同于传统地震预警方法的新型预警方法。这种预警方法利用数据同化技术对实时波动场进行精确估计,然后再利用基于辐射传输理论的蒙特卡洛直接模拟法对波动能量的传播做数值模拟,并最终计算预警目标区烈度并做阈值判断发出预警警报。整个预警过程无需触发、无需定位、无需测定震级、无需利用衰减关系,较传统预警方法具有明显不同的技术手段,比较有效避免了传统地震预警方法中一系列基于经验统计规律的误差累积和单纯依靠初至P波信息在应对复杂地震时的局限性。本文选择了2011年3月11日日本M_w9.0地震和2016年2月6日台湾M_w6.7美浓地震作为预警模拟震例,分析并论证了本文预警方法在处理网外地震、网内地震以及复杂地震时的预警能力,最终得出本文预警方法在应对网内地震时具有良好的预警准确性和时效性,以及相对于传统预警方法在处理复杂地震时具有较大的优势。最后,总结并展望了本文研究工作的不足之处和有待继续研究的地方。     

The rigidity spectrum of the harmonics of the 27-day variation of the galactic cosmic ray intensity in different epochs of solar activity: 1965–2002

We study temporal changes of the rigidity (R) spectrum of the harmonics of the 27-day variation of the galactic cosmic ray (GCR) intensity using neutron monitors (NM) data for the period 1965–2002. We show that the rigidity spectrum of the third harmonic (9 days) of the 27-day variation of the GCR intensity changes in a similar way as the spectra of the first and second harmonics, being hard in the maximum epochs and soft in the minimum epochs of solar activity. We ascribe this finding to the alternation of the sizes of the modulation regions of the 27-day variation of the GCR intensity in different epochs of solar activity. The average size of the vicinity of the corotating interaction regions, causing the 27-day variation of the GCR intensity, is less in the minimum epochs than in the maximum epochs of solar activity. A vicinity of the corotating interaction regions of larger size involves in modulation higher rigidity particles of GCR than the vicinity of smaller size; thus, this statement can be considered as one of the reasons leading to the hardening of the rigidity spectrum of the harmonics of the 27-day variation of the GCR intensity in maximum epochs compared with minimum epochs of solar activity.We also show that the temporal changes of the power rigidity spectrum of the third harmonic of the 27-day variation of the GCR intensity are negatively correlated with the rigidity spectrum of the 11-year variation of the galactic cosmic ray intensity.We found a recurrence in the temporal changes of the amplitudes of the first harmonic of the 27-day variation of the GCR intensity and in some parameters of solar activity and solar wind.     

On the stochastic relations between the points of a geodetic network

Summary Three important characteristics of the stochastic relation between the position of one point of a geodetic network and the positions of the remaining points are investigated: a) Change of the ellipse of confidence of the position of a point of the network to the ellipse of confidence of the position of a point of the network, relative to any other point of the network. (This characteristic is called the change of the global ellipse of confidence to the relative ellipse). b) The regression between the positional vector of the investigated point and the positional vectors of some group of other points of the network and c) the so-called total correlation between any two points of the network. The latter characteristic is a question of determining a characteristic direction for each pair of investigated points, which would have the property that the correlation coefficient between the random displacement of the first point in its characteristic direction and the random displacement of the second point in its characteristic direction is maximum.     

Variation of the intensity of the Earth’s magnetic field in Portugal in the 1st millennium BC

The study of magnetization of the ceramic material from 21 archeological monuments of Portugal (the Evora province), dated archeologically from the Bronze Age to the end of the Iron Age has been carried out. For the purpose of more detailed timing of the material from the monuments the method of ceramic age dating on the basis of its porosity has been used. In order to take into account the distorted factors in the determination of the parameters of the ancient geomagnetic field with the aim of the maximal approximation to the actual values the diagnostic features of magnetite weathering have been considered and the level of weathering of the magnetic fraction in the ceramics from archeological monuments has been determined. The data of geomagnetic field-strength variation in the time interval of the 12th century BC to the beginning of the Common Era have been obtained. The field-strength at this time interval varied in the range of 60–90 micro Tesla with the maximal values in the 9th, 8th, and the second half of the 5th to the beginning of the 4th century BC. In addition, the timing of the ceramic material from the urns of the megalithic complex Monte de Tera of the Evora province has been clarified.     

唐山大震区深部构造的初步研究

本文介绍利用地震转换波测深法研究1976年7.8级唐山大震区深部构造的某些结果,得出了沿两条测线的深部构造剖面图。发现在极震区的数十公里的范围内,地壳和上地幔具有异常结构,在地壳中部比震区外围多出一个中间层位,埋深约12-20km,地壳上部界面向上挠曲,而莫霍面和上地幔顶部界面却强烈地向下挠曲,引起了震区岩石圈厚度的加大,在震区存在深浅不等的深部断裂。深部构造与震源分布的对比表明,唐山主震和绝大多数余震均分布在壳内中间层之上,有的甚至就分布在壳内中间层的上、下界面附近。转换波测深结果表明,本区地壳上地幔中强烈的升降差异运动可能是唐山大震的重要促发因素。     

建筑变形后幕墙结构屈曲破坏临界荷载研究

为解决传统建筑沉降变形中存在的幕墙结构易发生变形、稳定性较差等问题,提出建筑沉降变形中幕墙结构屈曲稳定临界荷载的研究。选取框架玻璃幕墙作为研究对象,建立玻璃面板的有限元模型,分别从X、Y、Z三个方向对玻璃面板施加平动自由度约束力,进行幕墙结构屈曲稳定临界荷载的模拟;然后在建筑底部不同节点处设置竖向弹簧,通过调节弹簧刚度模拟建筑沉降变形的竖向作用力,在此基础上,采用能量法分别计算玻璃肋的应变势能、外力势能和弹性约束势能,根据势能驻值原理计算得出建筑沉降变形中幕墙结构屈曲稳定临界荷载;最后设置不同的玻璃肋参数,选取单一变化因素进行实验。实验结果表明:在不同玻璃肋跨度和截面厚度对比下,所提方法的计算结果较为准确,且所提方法的临界荷载计算耗时低于其他方法,具有较高的实际应用价值。     

Macroseismic manifestations of the Okhotsk earthquake of May 24, 2013 in the territory of Moscow

The results of a study of the macroseismic effects in the territory of Moscow of a remote deepfocus earthquake that occurred on May 24, 2013 in the Sea of Okhotsk are reported. On the surface of the earth and on the first floors of the buildings the seismic effect was not felt. The effect of the shock began to manifest itself at levels higher than the fifth floor of the buildings. The distribution of points on the map where the earthquake was felt is non-uniform. Points where tremor was felt do not appear to correspond with certain types of Quaternary deposits or with zones of different depth. There is also no significant correlation of the parts of the surface with high intensities of tremor and areas of ground-water flooding. Comparison between the surface manifestations of the seismic event and the tectonic features and deep structure of the metropolis was made. Based on the results of the implemented statistical estimation of distribution points where the earthquake was felt on the territory of the city it is visible that fault zones govern the largest number of points, while block structures characterize almost half of them. Thus, we can reasonably suggest a certain macroseismic increase of vibrations from earthquakes in the areas of large faults in the city. The study of deformations of the asphalt cover of walkways on the landslide-affected slope of Vorobyovy Hills showed that the tremor caused by the Okhotsk deep focus earthquake of May 24, 2013, caused the activation of a small landslide at all levels of the hillside.     

On the latitudinal structure of the magnetohydrodynamic Alfvén resonances

According to the data of the IMAGE network of magnetometers the latitudinal profile of the amplitude of the Pc5 geomagnetic pulsations is constructed, which are excited in the Earth’s magnetosphere in the form of the resonance Alfvén magnetohydrodynamic pulsations. The approaches to the solution of two problems are studied on a specific example. The first concerns the anharmonicity of Alfvén’s resonances. The displacement of the peak of the resonance curve towards to the north with the reduction of the amplitude of the pulsations is discovered. Based on the results of measurements, the nonlinear distortion coefficient of the latitudinal profile is determined. The second problem is connected with the magnetotelluric sounding. Information about the resonance structure of the Alfvén pulsations is useful for magnetotelluric sounding. This information gives the possibility of evaluating the accuracy of the sounding with the application of the local impedance relationship and of introducing corrections if necessary.     

Frequency-direction analysis of geomagnetic pulsations

Summary Using the method of two-component spectral analysis of planar oscillation events by means of computer processing of A-t records, a series of about 100 samples of geomagnetic beating-type pulsations pc3 was treated. The quantitative data obtained on the internal structure of the pulsations (frequency spectra and polarization characteristics) were treated statistically. The pattern of the daily variations of the frequencies and amplitudes of the fundamental amplitude-dominating frequency components of the pulsations and the daily variations of the polarization characteristics of these components, the ellipticity of the polarization ellipses, the directions of the main axes of these ellipses and the sense of rotation of the disturbance vector along the ellipses were obtained.A part of the results was reported at the XVth General Assembly of the IUGG, Moscow, August 1971.     

Thermal regime and amplitude of lithosphere extension in the Sirte basin, Libya: Numerical estimates in the plane basin modeling system

The GALO basin modeling system has been applied for the numerical reconstruction of the subsidence history, variations in temperature, and maturity of the organic matter of sedimentary rocks composing the main tectonic structures of Sirte Basin. The reconstruction was carried out for eight sedimentary cross sections along the profile stretching from the Cyrenaica Platform on the eastern coast of the basin to the Hun Graben on its western wall. The interval of depths for temperature calculations included the sedimentary layer, consolidated crust, and the mantle to below 100 km. This extensive depth coverage made it possible to use the analysis of the variations in the tectonic subsidence of the basin for estimating the amplitudes and duration of the events of thermal activation and extension of the lithosphere of the basin in the history of its evolution. The modeling suggests that thermal activations of the lithosphere in the Albian-Cenomanian and Oligocene-Pleistocene are common for all tectonic structures of the Sirte Basin and the Cyrenaica Platform and that a relatively high temperature regime is also characteristic of the present-day conditions in the Sirte Basin and Cyrenaica Platform. To a considerable extent, such a regime is caused by the thermal activation of the lithosphere of the basin during the last 10 Ma. The intensity of this activation is highest in the western part of the basin, where it is accompanied by the highest erosion amplitudes. The analysis of the variations in tectonic subsidence of the basement also suggests a series of intervals of lithospheric extension, which accounts for the stages of relatively rapid subsidence of the basin. Two intervals of significant extension of the lithosphere in the Upper Cretaceous and Paleocene are common for all areas within the basin. Here, the total amplitudes of the crustal extension attained 1.5 in the central part of the Sirte Basin (the Ajdabiya and Maradah troughs and Zelten and Dahra platforms), was equal to 1.3 in the Hameimat and Zallah troughs, and were minimal (1.11–1.17) in the periphery of the basin (within the Hun Graben and Cyrenaica Platform).     

中南美洲地区地震序列的特征

共搜集到１９６０￣１９９０年中、南美洲地区１０个地震序列。其中１个是板内地震序列。这个板内地震序列表现出的特征是：震中分布区域的长轴较短,长短轴之比低;余震震源机制和主震震源机制相比变化大。其余９个是俯冲带上的板缘地震序列,它们的共同特征是：震中分布区域的长轴较长;震源深度下限超过地壳,可以达到７０ｋｍ以下（第１０号序列例外）;主震的震源机制受俯站带的走向、倾向和倾角的控制。但是这些震序列又分为两