THE APPLICATION OF AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY TO THE PLANNING OF AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT OVERSEAS

An effective procedure for preparing regional plans and individual farm plans for all sections of the farming community in Rhodesia is outlined. The survey work through to the presentation of the completed plan was based on the study of aerial photography and on annotated photo-mosaics. A system for training personnel and the public in the reading and understanding of aerial photography was involved. The need to apply an approach such as this both overseas and in the United Kingdom in the planning field and in the related fields of education is discussed.     

THE USE OF COLOUR PHOTOGRAPHY FOR LARGE-SCALE MAPPING

Ordnance Survey experimental work has shown that colour film developed to a reversed positive image is best suited to the photogrammetric problems of large-scale mapping. Tests have shown no difference in accuracy between maps produced from colour photography and those produced from monochrome photography. The economy of using colour photography in this field has yet to he demonstrated.     

Application of multispectral LiDAR to automated virtual outcrop geology

Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) is a valuable tool for creating virtual 3D models of geological outcrops to enable enhanced modeling and analysis of geologic strata. Application of TLS data is typically limited to the geometric point cloud that is used to create the 3D structure of the outcrop model. Digital photography can then be draped onto the 3D model, allowing visual identification and manual spatial delineation of different rock layers. Automation of the rock type identification and delineation is desirable, and recent work has investigated the use of terrestrial hyperspectral photography for this purpose. However, passive photography, whether visible or hyperspectral, presents several complexities, including accurate spatial registration with the TLS point cloud data, reliance on sunlight for illumination, and radiometric calibration to properly extract spectral signatures of the different rock types. As an active remote sensing method, a radiometrically calibrated TLS system offers the potential to directly provide spectral information for each recorded 3D point, independent of solar illumination. Therefore, the practical application of three radiometrically calibrated TLS systems with differing laser wavelengths, thereby achieving a multispectral dataset in conjunction with 3D point cloud data, is investigated using commercially available hardware and software. The radiometric calibration of the TLS intensity values is investigated and the classification performance of the multispectral TLS intensity and calibrated reflectance datasets evaluated and compared to classification performed with passive visible wavelength imagery. Results indicate that rock types can be successfully identified with radiometrically calibrated multispectral TLS data, with enhanced classification performance when fused with passive visible imagery.     

大坡度水下地形的SAR遥感模拟仿真

根据星载合成孔径雷达(SAR)的成像机理,建立了浅海水下地形的数学物理模型,提出了利用该模型进行水下地形计算的数值方法.利用该模型和方法对大坡度水下地形进行数值模拟,分析了大坡度水下地形的地形坡度与SAR探测程度的关系,发现在水下地形坡度较大的情况下,SAR可测量水深达100～200 m.通过对曾文溪附近海域水下地形的数值模拟,证明了SAR对大坡度水下地形的探测深度.     

A COMPARISON OF AERIAL FILMS IN THE STUDY OF THE BREIDAMERKUR GLACIER AREA, ICELAND

During the summer of 1965, colour, false colour, infra-red and panchromatic photography was flown of the Breidamerkur Glacier area in south-east Iceland. Subsequent comparative interpretation studies of the film types have indicated that colour photography is superior for the interpretation of glacierized? areas. This is attributed to brightness qualities and a continuous colour tone range, which, in this instance, closely matched visual representation of ground objects. The false colour film, due to the striking tonal qualities of vegetation and moisture, is considered best for studies involving the delimitation of these features. Panchromatic film appears to be satisfactory for general interpretation work, particularly where the utmost in definition is called for. The infra-red film, because of the dark tones produced by gravels and the subsequent high contrasts between ice and gravel debris on the ice surface, is considered a poor choice for the interpretation of glacierized areas.     

THE MAPPING OF NORTHERN GREENLAND

Approximately 110 sheets of orthophotomaps at a scale of 1:100000 covering all the ice, free area (300000 km²) of northern Greenland are to be produced by the Geodetic Institute of Denmark. Super-wide angle photography at a scale of 1:150 000 was acquired in 1978. Individual models are set up in a Wild B8S stereoplotter and, after carrying out aerial triangulation, a numerical method of absolute orientation is used. A digital ground model of the entire area is established in order to enable the interpolation of contour lines, for automatic plotting and to produce control data, for the orthophotoprojector. a Wild OR1. Methods of data handling and control, accuracies and typical errors are discussed.     

虚拟航空摄影测量实验系统的设计与实现

随着网络教学的兴起,虚拟现实技术用于实验教学,成为强化实验室建设、改革实验教学手段的一个重要发展方向。介绍虚拟建模和开发软件,并以我院仿真模拟摄影测量与遥感实验室为原型,采用VRML软件为主,三维建模软件SkecthUP和3Ds Max为辅,阐述系统设计与实现的具体过程,构建虚拟航空摄影测量实验系统。该系统主要包括虚拟地形地貌沙盘(虚拟校园模型和虚拟栅格地形)、虚拟全数字摄影测量工作站模型、虚拟无人机和控制轨道动态模型,以及虚拟实验室场景。具有数字摄影测量工作站动态操作演示、无人飞机航空摄影测量操作演示,以及实验室参观展示等功能。研究成果无实体实验室的时空限制,有利于学生开展自主学习,有效地提高摄影测量实验教学质量,其对于虚拟实验系统的研发具有一定的借鉴意义。     

THE USE OF AIRBORNE INSTRUMENTS IN THE DETERMINATION OF ABSOLUTE ORIENTATION ELEMENTS

This paper outlines the history of the development of various auxiliary instruments which can help in the determination of the elements of absolute orientation. The recent work of Dr. H. G. Jerie on height precision is summarised and results of tests carried out with air photography linked to auxiliary instrumental data are presented.     

THE USE OF PHOTOGRAPHIC METHODS FOR TRAFFIC DATA COLLECTION

Several problems are encountered when collecting traffic information by conventional methods and which leave scope for the development of more comprehensive techniques. This paper reviews the potential of different types of photography as an effective means of obtaining comprehensive traffic information. Comparisons between conventional methods and photographic methods are made. The different types of available photography are discussed, together with their uses in the field of traffic data acquisition. Finally, the paper assesses the use of automatic and semiautomatic methods of photographic data analysis in this context.     

THE EXTRACTION OF POSITIONAL DATA FROM HISTORICAL PHOTOGRAPHS AND THEIR APPLICATION TO GEOMORPHOLOGY

A technique which enables spatial data to be obtained from historical photography is outlined. The method is applied to a 40 year sequence of oblique aerial photography of the Black Ven landslide in Dorset, England. Some of the possible data processing options are discussed and illustrated by some preliminary results produced from the Dorset landslide.     

遥感技术在甘肃北山地质调查和找矿中的应用

应用陆地卫星TM、MSS图像、航空彩红外像片、红外细分光谱扫描数字图像等多种遥感图像,结合多源信息复合处理技术,在甘肃安西北部地区（北山南带西段）开展了1:5万遥感地质调查和以金、铀为主的遥感找矿预测。通过工作,在合理应用综合遥感技术方法、基础地质研究、金铀矿产预测,以及1:5万遥感地质成图方法研究等方面均取得了重大进展。三年中,11人共编测了1:5万遥感地质图和1:5万遥感成矿预测图各21幅,解译发现了近千条蚀变岩带,圈出了67个金矿找矿靶区和铀成矿远景区,为开辟找矿新区提供了大量新的重要依据。     

CONSIDERATIONS OF SPECIFICATIONS FOR SMALL FORMAT AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY

Following the success of the symposium held by the Photogrammetric Society on 31st March, 1987, a second one-day symposium was convened to give further support to the rapidly growing interest in the development of small format photography for aerial survey. This was held at Burlington House, London on 1st November, 1988. Over 70 people attended. Six of the papers are reproduced here, dealing with a range of topics including specifications for and navigation of small format aerial photography, the creation of digital terrain models from 35 mm photography, wildlife surveys in the Arctic and survey photography from model aircraft and tethered balloons.     

THE SUCCESS OF THE METRIC CAMERA AS A DATA SOURCE FOR LAND RESOURCE EVALUATION

This study reviews Metric Camera photography as a data source for land resource evaluation. It concludes that the system is a major move forward in the field of remote sensing and draws particular attention to the value of the stereoscopic image as an aid to interpretation of the data.     

THE DETERMINATION OF INTERIOR ORIENTATION ELEMENTS OF CLOSE RANGE CAMERAS WITHOUT CONTROL POINTS

A novel method of calibration of non-topographic cameras is described, involving a simple three dimensional test object for photography at short object distances. The position of the camera with respect to the test object is resected at the same time as the computation of values of the interior orientation elements.     

五镜头倾斜状态下航空摄影测量的应对策略

在五镜头倾斜状态下,航空摄影地物高度测量容易出现测量精度不足,不能达到标准要求,为此提出五镜头倾斜状态下航空摄影地物高度测量方法。确定五镜头的倾斜状态,对影像重叠度进行优化,得到摄影中心空间位置,建立地物高度测量空间坐标系,规划比例尺与定位精度,最后以坐标系为标准,利用比例尺及定位精度完成对地物高度测量。实验结果表明,在五镜头倾斜状态下使用提出的航空摄影地物高度测量方法,与常规的测量方法相比测量精度提高了53.1%,测量精度达到标准要求,适合于五镜头倾斜状态下航空摄影地物高度测量。     

基于激光点云的3维可视化方法

介绍了利用3维激光点云与数字影像,生成云冈石窟正射影像的原理与方法。采用激光扫描与数码相机同步获取石窟、石佛的3维点云与数字影像,建立点云与数字影像映射关系模型,将影像的纹理信息赋予3维点云模型,实现点云模型真彩色3维可视化,并在此基础上生成正射影像图。研究成果对于历史遗迹、文物保护与修复具有重要意义。     

THE HYDROGRAPHIC APPLICATION OF SPACELAB PHOTOGRAPHY

Metric Camera photography has been examined by the Hydrographic Department to assess its potential in nautical chart compilation and revision. Some interesting benefits are reported in the positioning and delineation of offshore features.     

大广坝土坝放样及精度分析

本文介绍了土坝坡脚线放样方法，并对精度作了分析。     

无人机倾斜摄影与LiDAR融合监测技术

本文以成都市环城生态区生态修复项目为依托,利用飞马D200无人机实现了倾斜摄影和LiDAR技术的融合监测,通过三维模型制作、大比例尺地形图生产、点云处理、方格网计算、精度评定等步骤,验证了倾斜摄影和机载LiDAR协同监测方式可以满足1∶500地形图和方格网测量的精度,对后期无人机测绘实际生产具有指导意义。     

ESTIMATION OF PRECIPITATION FROM CLOUD-COVER PHOTOGRAPHS OF THE METEOR SATELLITES IN THE NONCHERNOZEM REGION

The authors propose a technique for reconstructing precipitation sums for particular areas on the basis of satellite cloud photography. The method is illustrated with reference to six 5-degree squares in the Nonchernozem Region of the USSR for the month of July during the period 1971-80. Good agreement is found not only between the reconstructed precipitation sums and the actual precipitation during the study period, but also between the mean of the reconstructed July precipitation during the 10-year period and the actual long-term mean precipitation for that month. Translated from: Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta, geografiya, 1983, No. 5, pp. 82-87.