人工回灌条件下的水岩作用室内实验研究

人工回灌过程中所发生的水岩作用是影响含水层地下水环境质量的重要因素。本次采用室内实验技术对人工回灌过程中的水文地球化学作用和各主要离子的来源进行了分析。结果表明：人工回灌过程中地下水中的Na＋不仅受混合作用的影响,还伴随有相应的阳离子交换反应和含Na矿物的溶解反应等,而且回灌过程对原始地下水中的Na＋、Cl-有稀释作用;K＋主要受到钾长石矿物溶解的影响;人工回灌过程中存在石膏、方解石等矿物组分溶解,并且介质中的含锰矿物和含铁矿物发生了溶解反应。     

烃源岩—流体相互作用模拟实验研究

为了探讨烃源岩与孔隙流体之间相互作用过程和机理以及有机酸的生成及其影响因素,我们开展了烃源岩-流体相互作用模拟实验研究。实验结果表明：Ⅱ型干酪根形成有机酸的能力大于Ⅰ型干酪根,水的矿化度对有机酸的形成影响甚微,随着温度升高,流体中有机酸的含量也随之增大。pH值对有机酸形成的影响非常明显,中性和碱性条件更有利于生成有机酸。其中乙酸的形成有利于碳酸盐矿物的溶解,而草酸的形成不利于碳酸盐的溶解。温度对烃源岩的影响与烃源岩的矿物组成有很大的关系,对于富碳酸盐烃源岩,Ca、Mg、Na三元素在水中的溶解量,与温度呈反相关的关系,对于贫碳酸盐烃源岩,与反应温度之间则呈现出正相关的关系。而无论碳酸盐含量高低,Si在溶液中的含量都会随着温度的升高而增大。酸性溶液对烃源岩的溶解能力最强,无论原始反应溶液的酸碱性,反应结果都最终趋于弱碱性。流体的含盐量对烃源岩中Mg的溶解影响差异较大,低盐度的流体有利于Mg溶解。     

烃源岩—流体相互作用模拟实验研究

为了探讨烃源岩与孔隙流体之间相互作用过程和机理以及有机酸的生成及其影响因素,我们开展了烃源岩-流体相互作用模拟实验研究。实验结果表明：Ⅱ型干酪根形成有机酸的能力大于Ⅰ型干酪根,水的矿化度对有机酸的形成影响甚微,随着温度升高,流体中有机酸的含量也随之增大。pH值对有机酸形成的影响非常明显,中性和碱性条件更有利于生成有机酸。其中乙酸的形成有利于碳酸盐矿物的溶解,而草酸的形成不利于碳酸盐的溶解。温度对烃源岩的影响与烃源岩的矿物组成有很大的关系,对于富碳酸盐烃源岩,Ca、Mg、Na三元素在水中的溶解量,与温度呈反相关的关系,对于贫碳酸盐烃源岩,与反应温度之间则呈现出正相关的关系。而无论碳酸盐含量高低,Si在溶液中的含量都会随着温度的升高而增大。酸性溶液对烃源岩的溶解能力最强,无论原始反应溶液的酸碱性,反应结果都最终趋于弱碱性。流体的含盐量对烃源岩中Mg的溶解影响差异较大,低盐度的流体有利于Mg溶解。     

Study of Water Flow in a Single Clay Crack

A model has been constructed to study water flow in a single clay crack, and a new concept of the critical rise rate of water level in the crack has been put forward. When the water level rises faster than this critical rate, the flow in a crack will increase, and vice versa. The flow in a crack is not in proportion to the water level. The maximium water flow in clay is 30-40 times smaller than that in a rock fissure under the same condition. In the process of water discharge, the flow in a crack will lessen gradually, and the crack will grow narrower by 3.0-4.0cm, with its depth reducing by over 50%.     

应力波对裂隙的作用

强大的应力波冲击加载,能使完整介质发生变形,形成新的裂隙,导致破坏。而介质中原有的裂隙,除能提高破碎效率,还能吸收应力波的能量,使得应力波在传播过程中衰减。因此,研究应力波与裂隙的相互作用,对于研究岩石爆破机理、应力波传播规律以及波的反演--材料的动态特性等有着十分重要的意义。本文着重论述了应力波与裂隙的相互作用和裂隙对应力波传播的衰减影响,也综述了当前国内外对此所进行的模型计算和实验技术。     

Interaction of Stress Waves with Crack

The shock of stress waves causes deformation in intact medium, the form of new cracks and finally the failure in the material. The preexisting cracks not only help increase fracture efficiency but also absorb the energy of the stress wave to induce a decay of its propagation. Therefore the study of interaction of Stress waves with cracks will greatly contribute to the interpretation of blasting mechanism, the stress wave propagation and the dynamic behaviour of material. Our emphasis is laid on interaction of stress wave with cracks, and the influence of cracks on attenuation of the wave propagation. A view is made of the current state of model calculation and experimental technique carried out in this field.     

Water–Rock Interaction in Vendian Sandy–Clayey Rocks of the Mezen Syneclise

Based on specific features of the geological structure and hydrogeological conditions of the Mezen Syneclise, the trend and quantitative estimates of compositional changes of groundwaters in Vendian sandy–clayey rocks in different hydrodynamic zones are given.     

危岩裂缝扩展研究及捆绑法在危岩边坡治理中的应用

文章以某滑塌式危岩体为例建立了危岩体的有限元计算模型,分析了影响危岩体稳定性的因素,讨论了危岩体开裂深度对危岩体稳定性的影响及危岩裂缝开展的破坏演化机制,并结合规范采用理正软件对本文提出的捆绑法治理滑塌式危岩体的可行性进行了验证。稳定性分析的结果表明:采用捆绑法治理后,危岩体在自然工况、暴雨工况和地震工况下的稳定性系数都能保证危岩体处于稳定状态,为危岩体的防治提供了一种新的思路。     

CT检测技术在岩石加卸载破坏机理研究中的应用

利用专用的与CT机配套的三轴加载实验设备,采用CT实时试验的手段, 对连续加载试验条件下和卸围压应力作用下砂岩破坏细观机理进行了对比研究. 结果表明, 岩石的卸荷损伤演化破坏具有突发性.     

Study on Deformation Failure Mechanism and Control Technology of Surrounding Rock in Soft Rock Roadway

Geotechnical and Geological Engineering - In order to reveal the mechanism of surrounding rock deformation and instability of soft rock roadway in 12# working face of Puhe coal mine, and...     

应力波与可滑移岩石界面间的相互作用研究

研究了应力波与用节理刚度系数描述的线性滑移岩石界面间的相互作用，给出了其透、反射波幅的一般表达式。通过应力波垂直人射界面时的具体分析，反映出岩石界面的节理刚度对应力波传播的重要影响，并揭示了岩石界面对应力波的高频滤波作用。     

Numerical Simulation of Crack Evolution Mechanism and Subsidence Characteristics Effected by Rock Mass Structure in Block Caving Mining

Geotechnical and Geological Engineering - In the block caving mining, the significant rock mass deformation and surface subsidence will be formed with the continuous extraction of ore. However, the...     

岩石裂纹扩展速度的研究与地震过程初探

本文试图通过对肥东大理岩的预制裂纹三点加载下的扩展速度的测量，模拟已有断裂再次经受应力变化时，断裂的扩展情况。试验结果给出了大理岩稳态扩展速度为１．１×１０－５～２．８×１０－４ｍ／ｓ，失稳后的扩展速度为５×１０１～１．２×１０３ｍ／ｓ。同时还给出了失稳后扩展速度的分布，并用断裂力学止裂观点对此作了解释。对裂纹扩展与地震孕震过程的关系也作了初步探讨。     

赣闽长英质隐爆角砾岩和基底围岩水-岩作用的实验研究及其地质意义

对闽北５７０铀矿床,赣南６７２２铀矿床,赣东北银山多金属矿床的长英质隐爆角砾岩及其基底岩石,用ｐＨ＝１．９,含ΣＳ＝３．２×１０－４,Σｄ＝３．５×１０－４,ΣＦ＝３×１０－５的水溶液,在９０℃条件下进行水－岩作用实验,研究岩石中活动性Ｕ,Ｔｈ,Ｐｂ,Ｚｎ等元素的地球化学行为。实验结果证实：岩石中铀、锌、铅具有较强的活化迁移能力;交代蚀变作用对铀活化和成矿富集有特殊重要意义;长英质隐爆角砾岩不是所研究矿床矿物质的主要来源;基底围岩对成矿有重要贡献。     

Numerical Study of Failure Mechanism of Serial and Parallel Rock Pillars

Using a numerical modelling code, rock failure process analysis, 2D, the progressive failure process and associated acoustic emission behaviour of serial and parallel rock samples were simulated. Both serial- and parallel sample models are presented for investigating the mechanism of rock pillar failure. As expected, the numerical results show that not only the stiffness, but also the uniaxial compressive strength of the rock plays an important role in pillar instability. For serial pillars, the elastic rebound of a rock pillar with higher uniaxial compressive strength can lead to the sudden failure of an adjacent rock pillar with lower uniaxial compressive strength. The failure zone forms and develops in the pillar with lower uniaxial compressive strength; however, the failure zone does not pass across the interface of the two pillars. In comparison, when two pillars have the same uniaxial compressive strengths but different elastic moduli, both serial pillars fail, and the failure zone in the two pillars can interact, passing across the interface and entering the other pillar. For parallel pillars, damage always develops in the pillar having the lower uniaxial compressive strength or lower elastic modulus. Furthermore, in accordance with the Kaiser effect, the stress-induced damage in a rock pillar is irreversible, and only when the previous stress state in the failed rock pillar is exceeded or the subsequent applied energy is larger than the energy released by the external loading will further damage continue to occur. In addition, the homogeneity index of rock also can affect the failure modes of parallel pillars, even though the uniaxial compressive strength and stiffness of each pillar are the same.     

岩石切削机理模型分析及实验研究

切削机理模型是研究岩石钻进切削过程中的切削力以及切削热的基础。在分析岩石切削机理模型的基础上,基于摩尔理论和裂纹扩展理论,分析中硬岩石切削状态,认为在中硬岩石切削过程中岩石存在着脆性切削和延展性切削2种方式,在此基础上得到新的中硬岩石切削机理模型。以砂岩、大理岩和花岗岩为钻进对象,开展微钻实验研究。结果表明：切削过程为岩石在刀具的扭矩和推进力作用下发生破坏,导致小岩屑、大切屑不断循环产生的过程,小大切屑形成主要源于岩石挤压变形和裂纹生成扩展。实验结果与岩石切削机理表现出较好的一致性。     

金川软岩蠕变破坏机理电镜实验研究

为探讨金川矿岩石蠕变破坏机理,应用微观扫描电镜(SEM)对蠕变受力情况下岩石破坏断口微观形态进行了观察研究,并分析了其产生的微观破坏机制。结果表明:岩石蠕变断裂的微观机制主要是拉伸、剪切作用下岩石发生脆性断裂,从岩石断裂微观形态研究岩石蠕变断裂,可以更好的揭示岩石断口微观形貌特征、裂纹生核、扩展、及断裂方式与岩石蠕变演进过程的联系。     

Effect of Surcharge on the Stability of Anchored Rock Slope with Water Filled Tension Crack under Seismic Loading Condition

In this paper, an analytical expression is derived for the factor of safety of the rock slope incorporating most of the practically occurring destabilizing forces as well as the external stabilizing force through an anchoring system. The slope stability is analyzed as a two-dimensional problem, considering a slice of unit thickness through the slope and assuming negligible resistance to sliding at the lateral boundaries of the sliding block. A detailed parametric study is presented to investigate the effect of surcharge on the stability of the rock slope for practical ranges of governing parameters such as inclination of the slope face, inclination of the failure plane, depth of tension crack, depth of water in tension crack, shear strength parameters of the material at the failure plane, unit weight of rock, stabilizing force and its inclination, and seismic load. For the range of parameters considered in the present study, it is found that the factor of safety of the rock slope decreases with increase in surcharge; the rate of decrease being relatively higher for lower values of surcharge. It is also observed that for a specific surcharge, the factor of safety depends significantly on all other parameters, except for unit weight of rock and higher values of inclination of stabilizing force to the normal at the failure plane. For any combination of these variables, the surcharge plays a vital role in the stability. A perfectly stable slope at relatively low surcharge can become unsafe with the increase in surcharge. The deterioration in the stability can be quite rapid, depending on the combination of the factors under consideration. The analysis and the general expression proposed herein can be used to carry out a quantitative assessment of the stability of the rock slopes.     

尖晶石晶体生长机理的科学计算研究

建立尖晶石晶体生长基元的数学模型，讨论了尖晶石晶体的生长机理。