解绑—嵌入：广州天河北全球化空间的跨国生产

全球化空间是中国大城市发展新阶段的空间问题,它是城市经济、社会、生活全球化在内部空间的表现、状态和结果。全球化下跨国要素与地方制度的互动,引导城市向（国内）内生因素和（国际）外生因素深度交互作用的方向发展。为此,基于空间生产理论视角,通过实地考察、问卷调查、深度访谈、网络舆情相互结合相互佐证的方法,对广州天河北地景变化的跨国要素、制度解绑与全球化空间生产的关系进行研究,分析了国家权力、地方政府、（跨国）资本在全球化空间生产中的作用模式。研究表明：① 天河北全球化空间的跨国资本是在国家政府推动的渐进式制度变革过程中介入的,并与政府结成被管理、配合、合作的关系,是一种国家全球主义的空间生产模式;② 节事活动、跨国职业阶层赋予了天河北全球消费主义的“文化符号”,实现了空间的跨国生产;③ 天河北全球化空间经历了去地方化—跨国化—全球化—再地方化的数次重构,既是政治性空间生产过程,也是工具性空间生产过程。     

文化旅游地空间生产背景下居民社会空间感知模型与实证研究——基于对周庄古镇的调查

在田野调查基础上,采用SPSS 18.0和AMOS 17.0数据统计软件对周庄文化旅游地空间生产背景下的居民社会空间感知进行了统计和处理,通过探索性因子分析和验证性因子分析,对居民社会空间感知模型以及不同职业和类型居民感知差异进行了测度研究,结果显示:①周庄居民社会空间感知总体上存在由利益关联、价值效能和情感眷恋组成的三维结构.②在感知次序上,呈现“利益关联→价值效能→情感眷恋”递减分异规律,本质上反映了深层结构是一种经济表层→社会感知→心理感知从外而内的感知规律.居民并未因具有参与旅游开发的机会权能而表现出对旅游开发的全面认同,在社会认同感知和心理认同感知层面还未得到深入,反映的居民社会空间感知是一个充满矛盾的感知结构.③不同职业和类型居民因参与旅游内容或程度不同对三维结构同样存在依次递减的分异规律,且每类群体间存在差异状态.研究认为,高质量的社会空间感知具有认知结构的全面性,居民社会空间感知结构的不平衡性对增进旅游空间生产的社会凝聚力提出新的诉求,提高居民空间参与程度和感知需要从有限参与→发展参与→充分参与的路径逐步改善.研究对周庄古镇旅游理性发展和可持续发展具有一定启发.     

浅析节事活动与地方文化空间生产的关系——以北京前门—大栅栏地区节事活动为例

基于空间生产理论,采取实地景观考察、问卷调查、访谈等研究方法,对北京前门—大栅栏地区的节事活动与地方文化空间生产的关系进行研究,分析地方政府在空间生产中发挥的特殊作用,以及节事文化空间的“第三空间”性质。研究表明：第一,政府在节事活动中占绝对的权力地位,以行政和财政手段投入节事活动,从而赋予实体空间新的文化符号意义,进而实现空间的再生产。第二,政府努力创造非排他的消费条件,从而使得人们公平地享受节事活动这一公共物品,在一定程度上克服了资本主义机制下空间再生产中的不公平性。第三,该区域的节事活动努力营造观念与实践、自我与他者融合的“第三空间”,使空间具有自下而上的再生产活力。第四,与历史密切联系的节事活动增强了历史街区独特的文化形象和文化资本。从结论延伸出两个建议：第一,区域性节事活动的策划组织人应将节事活动与本区域的历史植根联系起来,从而赋予地区实体空间恒久且独特的文化软资产。第二,强化个体日常社会实践和抽象文化符号的联系,加强个体对本区文化形象的理解,从而达到认同。     

Planning and landform: geomorphological authenticity or incongruity in the countryside?

Summary The conservation movement has recently attempted to extend its remit from concern for 'special' sites/habitats or listed buildings towards embracing the value of the wider natural or historic environment. Geomorphological conservation has been the Cinderella of nature conservation, but has now added Regionally Important Geological/geomorphological Sites (RIGS) to the earth science related Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSIs). However, it has yet to embrace the need for a wider perspective on landform conservation. Too many topographic changes in the countryside show little respect for local topographic distinctiveness or geomorphological concepts. This is illustrated by many recent golf course designs, low-level pit restoration schemes, landraising schemes and screening by bunding. However, there are some signs of changes in policy and practice in designing within the existing topographical context, rather than undertaking incongruous land remodelling. The paper concludes by advocating a greater understanding of geomorphology amongst landscape architects, planners and the wider public, so as to achieve greater geomorphological authenticity in developments in the countryside.     

城际合作空间的生产与重构——基于领域、网络与尺度的视角

空间合作是城市合作的重要形式,同时又是一个涉及领域、网络和尺度等多维度的社会空间过程。本文以深汕特别合作区为例,从领域、网络和尺度3个社会空间维度分析城市间合作空间的生产与重构。研究表明,在这种合作形式中,再领域化涉及资本和管制权力2个方面,联系网络具有政治动员、信息共享等功能,而尺度重组的关键则是对高尺度行动者的动员。此外,共同利益是城市空间合作中最核心的要素,高尺度行动者在合作过程中也可能将自身利益嵌入合作空间。最后,这些维度之间存在复杂的相互作用,并具体表现为同一、并行、替代和实现4种组合关系。这4种组合关系对更细致地分析多维度的空间生产具有一定借鉴意义。     

重庆市乡村生产空间系统脆弱性时空分异与差异化调控

脆弱性作为乡村生产空间系统的重要属性,是探讨系统易受负面影响或损害程度的有效度量、解析系统可持续发展趋势的有效途径。以重庆市为研究区,以2007—2017年为研究时段,建立乡村生产空间系统脆弱性评价指标体系和评价模型,以定量测度乡村生产空间系统脆弱性,揭示其时空分异特征,进而划分脆弱性类型并提出差异化调控策略。结果表明:① 乡村生产空间系统脆弱性是系统运行状态的综合度量,包含暴露度、敏感性和适应能力3个要素,其体现了以“人”为核心的乡村多元主体与以“地”为核心的乡村生产空间之间相互影响、相互作用的互动制衡关系。② 乡村生产空间系统暴露度总体呈上升趋势及“局部突出、北高南低”的空间格局特征;敏感性总体呈波动下降趋势及“东高西低”的空间格局特征;适应能力总体呈快速上升趋势及“西高东低”的空间格局特征;脆弱性总体呈下降趋势及“东高西低”的空间格局特征。③ 将重庆市乡村生产空间系统脆弱性划分为适应能力脆弱型、暴露—敏感脆弱型、敏感—适应脆弱型和强综合脆弱型4种类型,并按照“生态优先—分类调控—重点突出—因地施策”原则针对不同类型提出差异化“降脆”策略,以引导乡村生产空间系统可持续发展。     

海南自由贸易港建设的空间生产逻辑

建设海南自由贸易港是党中央在新时代深化改革、扩大开放的一项战略举措。论文基于列斐伏尔的空间三元辩证法,结合海南自由贸易港建设的主要内容及其空间生产的特征,构建“资本—权力—战略”三维逻辑框架,以解析海南自由贸易港建设的空间生产逻辑：从资本逻辑看,海南自由贸易港具有资本空间化与空间资本化特征,在流动空间的作用下,其资本三级循环过程有利于推动海南自由贸易港建设国际旅游消费中心和开放型经济新高地;从权力逻辑看,海南自由贸易港构建了制度空间,能形成对政府权力的规训,推动海南建设全面深化改革开放试验区、国家生态文明试验区;从战略逻辑看,海南自由贸易港是新时代背景下“新国家空间”的一种形态,表征了国家重大战略服务保障基地、南海海洋命运共同体、全球治理中国方案等战略意义。论文运用空间生产框架从理论层面分析海南自由贸易港的地理学逻辑,能增进人们对中国改革开放实践的理解,对进一步深化改革和扩大开放具有参考价值。     

基于耗散结构系统熵模型的乡村生产空间系统有序性研究

通过分析乡村生产空间系统的耗散结构特征,建立系统熵模型,运用关联熵和运行熵,从系统的主体（多元主体）、客体（地）和环境三要素入手构建指标体系,讨论系统内部结构和运行状态的有序性,并以重庆市合川区龙市镇为研究区予以实证,研究表明：研究区乡村生产空间系统关联熵先增后减,系统内部结构有序性呈现阶段性特征,2008—2011年主要受城市化无序扩张和土地利用方式低效粗放等因素影响,系统内部结构趋于混乱无序,2011—2015年主要因财政支农力度增强、农业投入产出水平提高、生态修复力度加大等因素刺激,系统内部结构逐渐趋于有序化;2008—2015年,乡村生产空间系统运行熵逐年减小,在农业综合开发投入大幅增加引起的生产条件改善、产业结构调整与提档升级等驱动下,呈现出持续有序化的发展态势;围绕乡村生产空间系统的内部结构及运行状态的演化规律,从优化土地利用结构、构建现代农业产业体系、编制和完善相关规划、培育新产业新业态入手,提出相关策略,以促进乡村生产空间系统有序健康发展。     

Commodifying the countryside: the impact of out-of-school care on rural landscapes of children's play

The growing interest in rural geography has highlighted that symbolic representations of the 'rural idyll' are often contradictory to the lived experiences of many rural children. Increasingly, children's spatial mobility is restricted due to adult concerns over children's use of public space, and the continuing privatization of rural space. Whilst children are prevented from using the countryside as a resource, there is also a lack of provision and spaces dedicated to children's play. One exception to this is the development of out-of-school care schemes. The rapidly expandingout-of-school care service is providing rural children with a significant, well-resourced place for children to play. This paperexamines children's experiences of playing in the countryside, and discusses the impact of the developing out-of-school care service on the daily lives of children who experience the service. The paper also considers the impact of commodifying children's play on the ability of all children to access a local play service.     

Bringing globalization to the countryside: Special Economic Zones in India

Special Economic Zones (SEZs) are important vectors of neoliberal globalization in India. Despite facing widespread resistance against the proposed land acquisition for these zones, they are still being promoted across the country. We argue that the wealth redistribution to the country's elites and the fractured resistance movements enable neoliberalism and its practices to grow in the countryside. Using a private sector SEZ in Gurgaon as a case study, this article explores how special economic zoning, as a neoliberal policy, has been implicated in the spatialized production of poverty. We also show that the main actors who promote neoliberalism in India (the state and the large‐scale urban private sector) have found a seemingly unlikely ally in rural India in the form of farmers with large landholdings, rural elites who are willing to let go of their land under certain conditions. The data for the article was collected in India in 2009–10.     

旅游背景下传统仪式空间生产的三元互动实践

仪式因其符号性和社会性成为空间研究和理论阐释的绝佳场域,在仪式与仪式空间研究中,仪式背后的社会关系及其对仪式空间的影响尚未得到充分重视。本文以安顺屯堡地戏和芒康加达村巴玛巴典为例,运用访谈法、观察法和文献分析法,回溯并分析两种仪式空间生产的过程与特征,刻画参与和影响仪式空间生产的社会关系,深入解析仪式空间的各个维度及空间生产的三元互动实践,力图比较和呈现旅游发展对地方传统仪式变迁的影响。研究发现,传统仪式的空间是仪式主体社会关系织就的空间,其空间生产本质上是社会关系与空间秩序“重构或调适”的过程;在旅游影响下的仪式空间生产中,空间表征与表征空间之间差异化的互动关系造就了仪式中差异化的空间实践;此外,仪式的空间生产隐含着对现代性消解的抵抗。本文构建了传统仪式空间生产的理论框架,为解读列斐伏尔空间生产与空间三元互动提供了新视角,以揭示旅游与地方文化变迁之间更为深刻的联系。     

孪生空间及其应用——兼论地理研究空间的重构

数字孪生研究呈现由平稳发展到爆发态势,应用领域迅速增加,规模不断扩大,亟需发展用于指导各个领域和不同结构与规模的数字孪生研究与应用的方法论体系。本文在总结分析各个领域数字孪生发展过程和趋势的基础上,提出以孪生空间作为概括和统摄各尺度数字孪生体的框架,并给出了孪生空间的定义和一般特征。然后,以目前已有初步实践基础的孪生城市为例简要阐述了其应用。作为地理学研究对象的载体抑或研究对象本身的空间,由自然地理空间、人文社会空间和地理信息空间三元空间构成,彼此整合度不高。为更有效地开展地理学综合研究,我们提出以孪生空间整合三元空间,重构地理研究空间。孪生空间具有与物理空间的双向实时互馈特征,能够打破地理三元空间内部的壁垒,进而实现模拟现实、预测变化和调控过程的地理综合研究任务。     

长江中游荆江河段同流量-水位演化特征及驱动成因

水库运行改变了坝下游水沙输移条件,在河道冲刷的同时,引起水位过程出现适应性调整.本文以长江中游荆江河段为对象,采用多项式拟合法,对比分析1991-2016年间分级流量一水位变化特征,采用基于河流动力学原理的分离变量法,识别河道冲淤、下游控制水位及河床综合糙率等变化对分级流量-水位变化的影响程度.研究表明:1991-20...     

The gendering of work and everyday life in the Swedish countryside

The paper brings together the results of a number of research projects concerning women's working conditions in sparsely populated areas of the Swedish countryside. The specific conditions regarding the job market in such areas can be linked to the issue of equality. Women are more likely than men to have part-time jobs as their main source of income. In the countryside the traditional ‘gender contract’ between a man and a woman is stronger than in the cities. Traditional patterns of gender roles and limited labour market opportunities are the main obstacles to the development of a more gender-equal countryside. This is best illustrated by the fact that, in general, the everyday lives of men and women differ when it comes to working life, taking care of their children and household, and indulging in leisure time activities. For many people, living in the countryside is also a lifestyle issue.     

Three-dimensional induction in a non-uniform thin sheet at the surface of a uniformly conducting earth

Summary. A new method for solving problems in three-dimensional electromagnetic induction in which the Earth is represented by a uniformly conducting half-space overlain by a surface layer of variable conductance is presented. Unlike previous treatments of this type of problem the method does not require the fields to be separated into their normal and anomalous parts, nor is it necessary to assume that the anomalous region is surrounded by a uniform structure; the model may approach either an E- or a B -polarization configuration at infinity. The solution is expressed as a vector integral equation in the horizontal electric field at the surface. The kernel of the integral is a Green's tensor which is expressed in terms of elementary functions that are independent of the conductance. The method is applied to an illustrative model representing an island near a bent coastline which extends to infinity in perpendicular directions.     

Diverse paths: the elderly British in Tuscany

"This paper investigates the life, migration and retirement experiences of elderly British residents of Tuscany and its adjacent districts.... Many pathways have led the elderly British to Tuscany; only a minority have simply migrated from the UK on retirement.... Key themes explored include class background, reasons for migration to Tuscany, previous connections to Italy, post-retirement behaviour, integration and future plans. The findings challenge some commonly-held ?expectations' about the nature of retirement migration."