一种基于BDS三频观测量的精密单点定位算法

针对传统双频BDS精密单点定位收敛速度及定位精度如何进一步提高的问题,该文提出了一种基于两组消电离层组合的BDS新三频精密单点定位(PPP)定位算法,并且对由于引入第3个频段观测量所导致的函数和随机模型与传统双频PPP模型存在的差异进行了公式推导。最后利用实测数据以动态和静态模式对新三频PPP模型进行了测试,以传统双频PPP解算结果为参照,对新三频PPP模型的收敛速度及定位精度进行了评估分析。基于实测数据的测试结果表明,新三频算法有利于提升定位解算的精度并有效缩短初始收敛过程,而且这一改善效果在动态模式下较静态模式更为显著。     

四川省BDS PPP可行性及精度分析

随着北斗系统(BDS)为亚太地区提供服务,我国北斗系统双频精密单点定位(PPP)的可行性与定位精度有待研究,为此本文首先探究了BDS双频无电离层组合PPP算法及卡尔曼滤波参数估计策略,并在此基础上开发相应数据处理软件,对四川连续运行参考站的BDS观测数据进行处理分析,结果表明BDS可以在四川省实现PPP,其平面精度5cm以内,高程精度10cm以内,定位精度目前不及GPS PPP。     

北斗双频／三频静态精密单点定位性能比较与分析

针对目前仅北斗全星座提供三频观测数据,而不同线性组合模型影响精密单点定位(PPP)精度和收敛速度的问题,本文着重推导了北斗三频无电离层最优组合精密单点定位数学模型,以此为基础,采用大量实测数据进行北斗双频、三频静态PPP实验。结果表明,相比于北斗双频静态PPP,北斗三频静态PPP在收敛速度和定位精度上有所提高,绝对定位精度可达2～3 cm,与GPS双频精密单点定位水平相当。      

不同IGS精密产品对BDS评估ZTD差异性分析

分析了ESA、GBM以及WUM 3种精密产品在精密单点定位以及天顶对流层延迟评估中的差异性。实验结果表明,BDS采用3种精密产品解算得到的精密单点定位精度都在cm级,但是采用GBM产品解算精度最优,其次为ESA产品,最低为WUM产品。采用ESA、GBM2种精密产品均能精确评估出ZTD值随历元变化情况,其中静态精密单点定位评估ZTD估值RMS差值均在mm级,而动态精密单点定位GBM产品评估ZTD估值RMS差值在mm级,ESA产品评估ZTD估值RMS差值在cm级,但WUM产品不适合进行ZTD值评估。     

极地BDS⁃3数据质量与多频定位性能分析北大核心CSCD

为分析BDS⁃3在极区的数据质量与定位性能,本文基于MGEX南北两极附近4个测站连续7 d的观测数据进行数据质量评估,并分析不同双频/三频组合精密单点定位(PPP)定位性能。结果表明,BDS⁃3在两极平均可见星数约为10颗,位置精度因子(PDOP)为1.7,南、北两极数据完整率分别约为96.2%、90.1%,信噪比两极相差不大,均为45 dB⁃Hz,MP RMS为27~35 cm;BDS⁃3双频/三频PPP在极区能达到收敛后1~3 cm的定位精度,其中三频较双频定位精度有一定提升;三频无电离层两两组合(IF1213)U方向提升最大,约为21.8%,三频非差非组合(UC123)平均提升约8.3%;IF/IF1213组合收敛时间分别为15.4、18.3 min,优于UC/UC123的28.0、28.2 min。     

基于精密单点定位的双星导航精度与稳定性研究

采用精密单点定位(PPP)的方法,分别进行静态实验和动态实验,对重庆主城地区的BDS与GPS定位的精度进行研究,发现BDS系统的可视卫星数量明显多于GPS系统,但在稳定性上稍稍弱于GPS,对比BDS卫星导航定位系统、GPS卫星导航定位系统以及BDS/GPS组合定位的精度及时效性,得出了BDS/GPS组合定位精度更高且时效性更好的结论.     

基于IGS精密产品的GPS单双频动态精密单点定位精度分析

介绍了GPS单双频动态精密单点定位的数学模型以及利用IGS精密产品进行单双频动态解算的算法流程。采用IGS实测数据进行了GPS单双频动态精密单点定位精度解算试验并从外符合的角度评估了其定位精度。试验结果表明:GPS单频动态定位精度在分米级,双频动态定位精度在厘米级。     

GPS双频精密单点定位软件及其精度分析

简要介绍了GPS双频精密单点定位数学模型及自主研制的精密单点定位软件。采用不同运动状态的实测数据进行静态、静态模拟动态和机载动态解算实验并从外符合的角度进行精度评估。实验结果表明:单天静态解精度达到cm级;动态解算精度达到cm-dm级。     

BDS精密单点定位在桥梁变形监测中的应用

桥梁变形监测是进行桥梁健康评估和后期修缮的重要内容．本文基于北斗卫星导航系统（BDS）精密单点定位技术,对实时采集的高频率BDS／GPS数据进行精密单点定位(PPP)静态和动态处理,并以相对静态定位结果作为参考,分析在桥梁复杂环境下BDS的PPP的精度,并把北斗动态PPP结果与GPS做对比．研究结果表明,在1 h连续变形监测时间左右,北斗静态PPP精度和BDS动态PPP定位精度可以达到厘米级,可以监测出大型车辆经过桥梁时的变形情况,并与GPS监测变形趋势基本一致．      

嵌入式GPS/BDS实时精密单点定位方法

实时性和动态性是精密单点定位面临的关键问题。本文基于实时轨道钟差改正产品,讨论了GPS/BDS实时精密单点定位数学模型及误差处理方法。搭建嵌入式软硬件平台,研制出一套具有实时GPS/BDS双系统高精度定位功能的嵌入式设备。测试结果表明,对于嵌入式GPS/BDS实时精密单点定位,静态条件下平面方向优于3 cm,高程方向优于8 cm;动态条件下平面方向优于12 cm,高程方向优于15 cm。     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.     

地理数据库的关系模型及其实现

本文从以图论观点分析地理实体入手,系统阐述了地理数据库关系模型的设计法和过程。作者于1984年4～9月间在微型机上设计建立了关系型地理数据库的实方验系统(RGDB)。该系统采用了本文提出的关系模型,采用了可动态扩库的子库组合结构,这种结构具有灵活性和提高空间利用率的优点。RGDB含有多种功能的数据操作命令,除了具有一般检索功能外,还能进行“开窗”选取和十分“自由”的映象选取。本文对RGDB系统的主要性能和实现途径作了扼要介绍。     

Toward seamless indoor-outdoor applications: Developing stakeholder-oriented location-based services

Location-Based Services (LBS),an emerging new business based on smartphone and mobile networks,are becoming more and more popular.Most of these LBSs,however,only offer non-seamless indoor/outdoor applications and simple applications without giving stakeholders the chance to play an active role.Our specific aim is to solve these issues.This paper presents concepts to solve these issues by expanding the Open Location Services Interface Standard (OpenLS) to allow seamless indoor/outdoor positioning and to extend the content of the services to include information recommended by stakeholders.     

基于WebGL的三维智慧管网系统的设计与实现

随着城市面貌日新月异,地下管网的建设也在持续推进,作为城市的地下“神经网络”,全天24 h保障城市的正常运转和发展。本文以实现城市管网管理系统的高可用、无插件、智能化为目标,采用“地上地下一体”“二三维一体”的设计理念,研究基于WebGL的三维智慧管网系统的关键技术,实现了管线设施管理的信息数字化、空间化与图形化。