亚铁氰化钾提高原子荧光法测定砷锑铋的抗干扰能力

本文提出抗坏血酸-K_4[Fe(CN)_6]-硫脲体系,氢化物原子荧光法测定地质样品中痕量As、Sb和Bi。用K_4[Fe(CN)_6]消除干扰元素,可大大提高共存元素允许量。方法检出限(μg/ml)As 0.10,Sb 0.04,Bi 0.05;RSD均小于6％。 1 仪器与分析条件 XDY-1型原子荧光光度计(北京地质仪器厂生产)。输入功率As 20～35W、Sb 20～30W、Bi 30～40W,反射功率均调至最小,氩载气流量1L/min,负高压300～350V,炉温为900℃。7g/L KBH_4加入量是5ml。     

焙烧分离-氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定土壤样品中微量硒

采用艾斯卡试剂(碳酸钠和氧化锌)作焙烧试剂,半熔法分解样品,沸水提取,分离出Cu、Co、Ni等过渡金属元素,氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定土壤样品中微量硒。通过正交试验确定了测定方法的仪器和试剂条件,考察了Cu、Ni、Fe、Al、Pb、Au、As、Bi、Sb、Pt等共存元素的干扰情况。方法检出限为0.0135μg/g,回收率为87.0%~123.0%。对多个土壤国家一级标准物质进行测定,其结果与标准值相符。方法同时适合于地质样品及多金属矿中硒的测定。     

D290树脂-活性炭吸附富集电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定铜精矿中铂钯

矿产品中痕量贵金属元素的测定通常需要富集分离,在检测过程中谱线干扰较多。本文对铜精矿样品在高温下灼烧除去碳和硫,采用盐酸+王水+氢氟酸消解体系进行分解,利用D290阴离子交换树脂-活性炭作为吸附剂富集铂和钯,以Y、In、Bi为内标元素,105Pd和195Pt作为测量同位素,用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定铂和钯的含量。铂和钯的吸附率均达到90%以上,加标回收率分别为92.0%和96.0%,检出限分别为0.126 ng/g和0.105 ng/g,方法精密度(RSD,n=6)小于4%。应用于实际铜精矿样品分析,测定值与锍镍试金-ICP-MS测定结果一致。本法的样品处理体系最大限度地减少了样品中其他金属离子对待测元素的影响,选择的内标元素和高纯氦碰撞反应可有效地减少基体效应和同质异位素干扰。相比于锍镍试金法,该方法的样品前处理简单,铂和钯的富集效果明显,测定检出限低。     

碳酸钠浸取一紫外荧光光谱法测定地质样品中痕量铀

地质样品经HF-HNO_3-HCl-HClO_4溶解后,用50 g/L碳酸钠溶液浸取分离,采用紫外荧光光谱法直接测定上清液的铀含量。浸取时间选择30 min,Fe、Zn、Ca、Co、Ni、Cu和Mn等元素留在残渣中不产生干扰。方法精密度(RSD,n=12)为3．37%～7．06%,检出限为0．009μg/g(进样量100μL)。方法参加区域地球化学考核样品的测试,合格率100%,适用于土壤、水系沉积物、岩石及Fe、Zn、Ca、Co、Ni、Cu和Mn含量较高的样品中痕量铀的测定。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法(7900 ICP-MS)测定土壤中30种痕量元素

本文中土壤样品利用HNO3-HF-HCl O4混酸消解和王水提取后,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法同时测定了国家标准土壤样品中30种痕量元素(Ba、Be、Bi、Cd、Ce、Co、Cr、Cs、Cu、Ga、Hf、In、La、Li、Mn、Mo、Nb、Ni、Pb、Rb、Sb、Sc、Sr、Ta、Th、Tl、U、V、W、Zn)的含量。其测定值与标准值相符,准确度符合国家标准要求。该方法所有元素的相关系数在0.9990~1.0000之间,各元素的方法检出限均满足要求,相对标准偏差(RSD)≤10%,结果表明该方法满足土壤中痕量元素的分析要求,建立的方法样品前处理程序简单快速,线性范围宽,分析重现性好,结果准确,可以运用于大批量地质样品中痕量元素含量的同时测定。最后用已建立的方法测定了北京某地区的土壤样品,测试结果满意。     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定西藏矽卡岩型铜多金属富矿石中8种成矿元素

矽卡岩型铜多金属富矿石是西藏特有矿产,具有成矿元素多样且含量普遍较高的特点,矿物类型主要为硫化物型,成矿元素有Cu、Pb、Zn、Fe、Ag、Bi、Cd、Co等。采用湿法处理此类样品时常因银、铅等元素含量较高出现难溶解、易沉淀现象,导致测定结果偏低。本文采用盐酸预处理、硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸溶矿体系,能有效除去样品中的硫,样品分解效果好,选择稀释倍数为1000、溶液介质为10%盐酸,样品溶液不会产生沉淀,采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定各待测元素均可获得较好的准确度、精密度。方法测定范围为:Cu 0.0056%~20.0%,Pb 0.0087%~20.0%,Zn 0.0031%~20.0%,Fe 0.0090%~20.0%,Ag 5.40~3000μg/g,Bi 10.8~5000μg/g,Cd 0.69~5000μg/g,Co 2.09~5000μg/g。用国家标准物质进行验证,方法准确度小于5.40%,精密度(RSD,n=11)小于4.41%。该方法具有前处理流程简单、分析速度快、同时测定元素多、线性范围宽等优点,经实际样品测试与不同方法分析数据吻合。     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪测定土壤样品中的硼

本文采用微波消解-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-OES)对土壤样品中硼含量的测定进行了实验。对微波消解样品前处理条件和测定时的仪器参数进行了优化,最终确定了以HF-HNO_3-H_3PO_4体系,逐级升温的方式来消解土壤样品。该方法对硼元素的检出限为0.093μg/g。经标准物质验证,其准确度、精密度均达到行业标准的要求,适用于土壤样品中硼的测定。     

以多硫、多碘化合物为缓冲剂发射光谱法测定化探样品中As、Sb、Bi、Cd、Tl、In 元素

本方法建立了以多硫化合物、多碘化合物为缓冲剂(液体缓冲剂),上电极为光谱纯石墨电极、下电极为光谱纯石墨加罩电极的方式,采用控制试样法绘制工作曲线,电弧发射光谱法同时测定区域地球化学样品中As、Sb、Bi、Cd、Tl、In等6元素的测定方法。方法检出限为As1.0μg/g,Sb0.2μg/g,Bi0.1μg/g,Cd0.05μg/g,Tl0.1μg/g,In0.01μg/g;精密度(RSD,n=12)为As8.36%,Sb7.17%,Bi7.60%,Cd7.39%,Tl7.13%,In6.76%。方法用于测定国家一级标准物质GSD-1～GSD-12中As、Sb、Bi、Cd、Tl、In,测定值与标准值或参考值吻合。通过对1:50000区域地球化学调查样品中As、Sb、Bi、Cd、Tl、In实际分析,结果成图效果良好,具有简便快捷、成本低、检出限低、精度高等特点。     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法在地质样品分析中的应用进展

概述了电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-AES)在测定技术方面的进展,强调该仪器测定条件对测定元素曝光强度的影响以及对测定中各元素分析谱线的选择和干扰元素的影响;介绍了ICP-AES测定技术在地质样品分析中的应用。测定土壤、岩石、水洗沉积物、矿石样品、植物样品和水样样品中的元素时,应根据样品性质的不同和测定元素的不同而采用不同的消解体系(酸溶法、碱熔法和微波消解法)。在测定土壤、岩石和水洗沉积物样品时,比较了不同消解体系各自的特点,同时也对比了采用不同消解体系时各元素的方法检出限,结果显示,酸溶法的检出限要明显优于碱熔法;在测定矿石样品时,对比了各元素在不同消解体系中的测定精密度,结果显示测定精密度均较好;总结了测定常见植物样品中无机元素的典型前处理方法以及ICP-AES测定水样中的元素全量和元素不同价态含量的方法。最后,对ICP-AES测定技术在地质行业的应用作了展望,相信ICP-AES还将在地质样品的分析中继续发挥作用。     

敞口酸溶-电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定地质样品中45个元素

改进了三酸(HCl-HNO3-HF)或四酸(HCl-HNO3-HF-HClO4)溶矿对难溶元素分解不彻底及对易挥发元素测定结果不稳定的现象,建立了地质样品中15个稀土元素及其常规微量元素一次溶矿、一次测定的分析方法,提高了分析质量。采用HCl-HNO3-HF-HClO4-H2SO4混合酸一次分解样品,用50%的逆王水复溶提取后定容,以Rh为内标元素,三通在线进样方式,电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定地质样品中45个元素的含量。讨论了分解方法对易挥发元素、难溶元素的影响,对岩石标准物质(GBW07106)、水系沉积物标准物质(GBW07303)和土壤标准物质(GBW07429)的测定值与标准值相一致,方法精密度为0.03%～4.97%。方法准确度高,简单、快捷、实用。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of