鳀鱼（Engraulis japonicus）蛋白水解物的营养成分及抗高血脂作用的研究

采用化学分析、氨基酸组成分析及动物体内实验等方法,进行了鳀鱼蛋白水解物的一般成分、氨基酸组成和抗高血脂作用研究。结果表明,蛋白水解物含蛋白质20．50％、脂肪9．63％、水分67．37％、灰分1．09％;在必需氨基酸中,异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、赖氨酸、蛋氨酸和胱氨酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸及缬氨酸达到FAO／WHO（1973）提出的理想氨基酸模式中相应氨基酸的88％-100％;该蛋白水解物能显著抑制由高脂类饲料喂养导致的高血脂大鼠的TC、TG、HDL升高,其抗高血脂作用可能来源于它本身的功能因子（包括牛磺酸、DHA、EPA、Ca、P和Fe等）。     

鲲鱼(Engraulis japonicus)蛋白水解物的营养成分及抗高血脂作用的研究

采用化学分析、氨基酸组成分析及动物体内实验等方法,进行了鲲鱼蛋白水解物的一般成分、氨基酸组成和抗高血脂作用研究.结果表明,蛋白水解物含蛋白质20.50%、脂肪9.63%、水分67.37%、灰分1.09%;在必需氨基酸中,异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、赖氨酸、蛋氨酸和胱氨酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸及缬氨酸达到FAO/WHO(1973)提出的理想氨基酸模式中相应氨基酸的88%-100%;该蛋白水解物能显著抑制由高脂类饲料喂养导致的高血脂大鼠的TC、TG、HDL升高,其抗高血脂作用可能来源于它本身的功能因子(包括牛磺酸、DHA、EPA、Ca、P和Fe等).     

鳕鱼(Gadous macrocephaius)皮水解蛋白亚铁修饰对大鼠营养性贫血改善的实验研究

以鳕鱼皮为原料,采用双酶水解法制备鱼蛋白水解物再经亚铁修饰获得鱼蛋白水解物亚铁复合物(Fe-FPH),并对Fe-FPH进行了抗营养性贫血的实验研究。结果表明:(1)以水解度(DH)为5%的鱼蛋白水解物为原料,在pH7.0、温度20℃、螯合时间15min的条件下可获得Fe-FPH6.7%;(2)Fe-FPH蛋白含量为85.1%,铁含量达40254mg/kg,氨基酸价为59.62;(3)抗营养性动物实验研究表明:Fe-FPH给药组第5天可显著提高营养性贫血大鼠的Hb含量,第11天时表现出极显著效果;Fe-FPH组,第11天有显著降低大鼠血中PPIX作用,到第18天时表现出极显著效果。因此,Fe-FPH不仅含有较高的营养价值,而且有显著抗营养性贫血功能,可望成为鳕鱼加工副产物高效利用的有效途径。     

青鳞鱼下脚料水解蛋白的制取及其营养评价

以青鳞鱼（Harengula zunast)下脚料为原料，采用碱萃取，蛋白酶水解，浓缩，喷雾干燥等手段，制得水解鱼蛋白。研究了碱萃取，蛋白酶水解条件及不同沉淀方法对水解鱼蛋白沉淀效果的影响，并对水解鱼蛋白制品营养价值进行了评价，结果表明，下脚料水解鱼蛋白制品含粗蛋白72．9％，氨基酸总量67．6％，其中必需氨基酸占44．6％，氨基酸分为96，苏氨酸为其限制性氨基酸（1973年FAO／WHO标准），无机盐钙，镁，铁，锌，铜，磷含量丰富，以有机溶剂（异丙醇，乙醇)为沉淀剂沉淀水解蛋白时，粗蛋白损失率约为30％（干基计）。     

鳀鱼蛋白酶水解物的营养评价

对鱼蛋白酶水解物EAPH进行评价。EAPH蛋白质含量88．26％，氨基酸比例会理，必需氨基酸占总氨基酸43．61％，并含丰富的水溶性维生素和微量元素。EAPH对动物的生长效果、饲料效率（FE）、蛋白质效率（PER）、净蛋白质效率（NPR）均与对照乳粉蛋白相近；表征其消化吸收利用率的其消化率（TD）、生物价（BV）、蛋白质净利用率（NPU）均略高于对照乳粉蛋白；小麦粉蛋白经EAPH强化后，其蛋白质消化吸收利用率大幅度提高。EAPH为优良蛋白制品。     

鳗弧菌(Vibrio anguillarum)M3菌株生长条件及其对蛋白酶产量的影响

采用体外测定细菌浓度、胞外产物(ECP)蛋白含量和蛋白酶活力的方法，进行了鳗弧菌M3菌株在2216E培养基中的培养条件研究。结果表明，该菌株用固体培养基培养至24h左右，可得到较高的菌体浓度、ECP蛋白含量和蛋白酶活力。采用响应面分析方法设计实验，用SAS统计软件分析数据，得到NaCl浓度、pH值和温度对菌体生长及蛋白酶产量影响的回归模型。在2216E培养基的基础上，添加不同氮源、碳源物质以及不同浓度蛋白胨进行生长研究。结果表明，胰大豆蛋白胨能促进菌体生长及ECP蛋白分泌；NH4Cl与酪蛋白水解物可抑制蛋白酶的产生；牙鲆肌肉匀浆对菌体、ECP蛋白产量和蛋白酶产生有不同程度的促进作用；培养基中蛋白胨浓度为4％时菌体量与ECP蛋白含量达最高值，在蛋白胨浓度为2％时蛋白酶分泌量已稳定；1％的葡萄糖、蔗糖、甘油均能显著地提高菌体及ECP蛋白产量，却抑制了蛋白酶的产生。     

鱼饲料着色剂-甲壳类下脚料类胡萝卜素的提取技术

本文对近４０年来甲壳类下脚料中类胡萝卜素的提取技术进行了综述,其提取技术流程主要包括：１．下脚料预处理。下脚料研磨后经２ｍｍ筛网去除几丁质残渣,或研磨后直接提取;２．热醋酸、盐酸的直接去钙化或酸青贮（有机酸及无机酸）去钙化;３．添加蛋白酶进行水解;４．类胡萝卜素的油提取及化学提取。三个阶段批逆流加工法及有机溶剂（丙酮、己烷、石油醚）提取类胡萝卜素５．类胡萝卜素稳定性控制。在整个处理工艺的某阶段添加     

白色霞水母蛋白抗氧化活性的初步研究

通过羟自由基清除作用、超氧自由基清除作用、还原能力和金属螯合能力等抗氧化活性实验,测定了白色霞水母蛋白的抗氧化活性。实验结果表明：白色霞水母蛋白具有较高的清除羟自由基的能力,蛋白质量浓度为41μg／mL时,清除率可达到85％;白色霞水母蛋白对超氧阴离子的清除作用较弱,蛋白质量浓度为77．7μg／mL时,清除率〈50％;白色霞水母蛋白有较强的还原能力,但没有螯合能力;白色霞水母蛋白的抗氧化活性受温度影响不大,且巯基含量不是影响抗氧化活性的主要因素。     

单宁的抗营养作用与去除方法的研究进展

单宁广泛存在于植物界中,并分布在植物的多个组织器官中,按其结构和性质可分为水解单宁、缩合单宁以及复杂单宁。单宁是植物性饲料原料中一种重要的抗营养因子,其对动物的抗营养作用主要表现在降低动物摄食率,降低营养物质的生物利用率及产生毒害作用等方面。单宁降低营养物质生物利用率的主要原因表现在:降低营养物质的消化与吸收;降低动物体内的氮平衡;改变动物消化道菌群;单宁能损害消化系统等方面。单宁的去除方法主要有理化方法和生物降解法。理化方法主要包括溶液浸提、干燥、脱壳、挤压、碱、聚乙二醇以及射线处理等。生物降解法主要是固态发酵法。本文综述了单宁的抗营养作用及去除方法。     

5种海鱼的生态生长效率研究

在常温下进行星鳗、蛹、黑鳗、厚头平Ｙｏｕ和皱唇鲨等五种鱼类的生长实验，得出这５种鱼类摄食巢沙蚕、火枪乌贼、斑Ｊｉ（碎块）、带鱼（碎块）和玉筋鱼的生态生长效率波动于３．８￣３３．６％范围内，平均为１６．０％，相对平均日摄食量处于１．６￣１１．５％之间，另外，对饵料系数、平均日摄食量及平均体重日增长量进行了探讨。     

Microbial Biomass and Organic Nutrients in the Deep-Sea Sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin

In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance.     

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中桩周土强度弱化研究

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。     

Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification

An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm.     

Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans

A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level.     

Deep-Sea Sediment Compression Curves: Some Controlling Factors, Spurious Overconsolidation, Predictions, and Geophysical Reproduction

Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations.     

INFORMATION FOR AUTHORS

<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology,     

Estimation of Sediment Properties during Benthic Impact Experiments

Sediment properties, such as water content and density, have been used to estimate the dry and wet weights, as well as the volume of sediment recovered and discharged, during benthic impact experiments conducted in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The estimates show that the weights of dry (355-1332 t) and wet sediment (1651-4888 t) recovered during the experiments, are not only a function of the total duration and distance covered during the experiment, but also depend on water content and density of the sediment. Estimation of dry sediment and its volumetric ratio in the discharge, are key parameters for calculating the discharged volume. The estimated volume of wet sediment recovered (1427-4049 m 3 ) as well as discharged (2693-6951 m 3 ) during the experiments, provide important inputs to evaluate the sediment resettlement and migration. Using these estimates, the average depth of excavation on the seafloor, can also been calculated. However, the stages of sediment recovery and discharge are expressed differently in some of the experiments. In order to standardize these, different stages have been identified, and definitions of certain terms have been suggested, for use in the future. The methods of calculating different properties, as well as weight and volume of discharged sediment are described in the paper for use in other applications concerning deep-sea discharges.