南极长城湾NG931柱全新世介形类及其环境分析

本文材料系南极长城湾ＮＧ９３１柱状样品分析的介形类，共计１１属２１种，其中以Ｌｏｘｏｒｅｔｉｃｕｌａｔｕｍｆａａｌａｘ为占最优势组成分子，其次，Ｘｅｓｔｏｌｅｂｅｒｉｓｋｅｒｇｕｅｌｅｎｅｎｓｉｓ，Ｘｅｓｔｏｌｅｂｒｅｒｉｓ，ｓｐｐ．，Ｓｅｍｉｃｙｔｈｅｒｕｒａｓｐｐ。和Ａｕｓｔｒａｌｉｃｙｔｈｅｒｅｐｏｌｙｌｙｃａ等也为该柱样中介形类的主要组成分子，根据资料分析，ＮＧ９３１柱样中介形类属种绝大部     

南极普里兹湾晚第四纪以来硅藻组合及气候变化的研究

对南极普里兹湾ＮＰ９３－２和ＮＰ９５－１两柱样沉积硅藻进行了定量分析。两柱样分别可划分出３个和７个硅藻组合带。前者的优势种是Ｎｉｔｚｓｃｈｉａｃｕｒｔａ和Ｔｈａｌａｓｉｏｓｉｒａａｎｔａｒｃｔｉｃａ，次优势种是Ｎ．ｋｅｒｇｕｅｌｅｎｓｉｓ和Ｎ．ｒｉｔｓｃｈｅｒｉ；后者常见的优势种有Ｎ．ｋｅｒｇｕｅｌｅｎｓｉｓ，Ｎ．ｃｕｒｔａ，Ｄｅｎｔｉｃｕｌｏｐｓｉｓｓｐｐ．和Ｔ．ｌｅｎｔｉｇｉｎｏｓａ，常见的次优势种有Ｅｕｃａｍｐｉａｂａｂｌａｕｓｔｉｕｍ，Ｔ．ａｎｔａｒｃｔｉｃａ和Ｔ．ｇｒａｃｉｌｉｓ。利用Ｎ．ｃｕｒｔａ／Ｎ．ｋｅｒｇｕｅｌｅｎｓｉｓ比值并结合１４Ｃ测年数据，可将１５０００年以来南极气候的变化划分出８个古气候带，其中完好地记录了Ｈｅｉｎｒｉｃｈ１事件、波令－阿德罗暖期、新仙女木冰期、全新世低温期等重大的气候变化事件，而南极的全新世低温期是首次报道。     

A case study of Korea-invested enterprises in Shandong Peninsula

ＡｃａｓｅｓｔｕｄｙｏｆＫｏｒｅａ－ｉｎｖｅｓｔｅｄｅｎｔｅｒｐｒｉｓｅｓｉｎＳｈａｎｄｏｎｇＰｅｎｉｎｓｕｌａＦＡＮＪｉｅＰＡＮＧＸｉａｏｍｉｎＹＡＮＧＸｉａｏｇｕａｎｇＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＧｅｏｇｒａｐｈｙ,ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＡｃａｄｅｍｙｏｆＳ...     

南极长城湾夏季浮游植物变化特征

用南极长城湾水域１９９２～１９９５年三个夏季（１２月～３月）网采浮游植物样品,分析了浮游植物种类组成和数量分布。共鉴定浮游植物７２种,其中三个夏季都采到的共有种３３种,占总种数的４５．８３％;各年夏季浮游植物细胞数量平均值分别为６８７３．８２×１０４个／ｍ３、２０８．４８×１０４个／ｍ３和１０２７．３６×１０４个／ｍ３。主要优势种有聚生角毛藻（Ｃｈａｅｔｏｃｅｒｏｓｓｏｃｉａｌｉｓ）、海链藻属（Ｔｈａｌａｓｉｏｓｉｒａｓｐｐ．）、脆杆藻属（Ｆｒａｇｉｌａｒｉａｓｐｐ）、珍珠异极藻（Ｇｏｍｐｈｏｎｅｍａｍａｒｇａｒｉｔｘ）和扁面角毛藻（Ｃｈａｅｔｏ－ｃｅｒｏｓｃｏｍｐｒｅｓｕｓ）等。结果表明,各夏季种类组成基本相似;数量有明显的年际变化;湾内和湾口数量变化趋势一致     

南极15ka以来海洋沉积物的环境磁学研究

通过对东南极普里兹湾陆坡区ＮＰ９５－１及西南极长城湾ＮＧ９３－１两柱样系统的环境磁学研究，获得了南极地区１５．０～５．５ｋａＢ．Ｐ．以来的古气候变化序列。结果表明，磁学参数较好地记录了古气候变化及沉积环境变化的信息。ＮＰ９５－１柱样较好地记录了Ｈｅｉｎｒｉｃｈ１事件、新仙女木事件以及波令－阿罗德暖期，其中Ｈｅｉｎｒｉｃｈ１事件发生于１４．３ｋａＢ．Ｐ．，新仙女木冷期为１１．７～１０．３ｋａＢ．Ｐ．，１０．３ｋａＢ．Ｐ．以后，南极地区进入全新世。在全新世，两柱样记录了在１０．０ｋａＢ．Ｐ．及６．０ｋａＢ．Ｐ．前后两个暖期，其间夹有小幅气温下调的时段；６．０ｋａＢ．Ｐ．后，两柱样均有气候颤动变冷的记录。     

南极乔治王岛海军湾亨内克角早第三纪晚期孢粉化石及其地层学意义

根据乔治王岛海军湾亨内克角群上部凝灰质砂泥岩夹层中的孢粉化石组合特征,讨论其时代归属和沉积环境。研究表明亨内克角群上部火山沉积岩中孢粉化石共４０余种,主要成分为冈瓦纳早第三纪群落,属Ｗｅｄｄｅｌｉａｎ生物地理区,Ｎｏｔｈｏｆａｇｉｄｉｔｅｓ为代表分子,其中Ｎ．ｃｆ．ｓａｒａｅｎｓｉｓ和Ｎ．ｃｆ．ｆｌｅｍｉｎｇｉ的存在以及Ｐｒｏｔｅａｃｉｄｉｔｅｓｓｐｐ．的缺失,提示含化石地层时代可能属渐新世,沉积环境为近中低山区的湖沼环境,气候温暖潮湿。     

南极中山站近岸海冰生态学研究Ⅰ．1992年冰藻生物量的垂直分布及季节变化

从１９９２年４月至１２月对东南极中山站近岸当年冰生物量及其环境因子进行了观测。冰底有色层出现在４月下旬和１１月下旬，集中于冰底２～３ｃｍ，叶绿素ａ最高含量分别为８８．３ｍｇ／ｍ３和２８１０ｍｇ／ｍ３，相应的冰藻数量分别为３．５×１０６和１．２１×１０８个／升。柱总叶绿素ａ含量的季节性变化极为显著，尤其是以春季的大幅度快速增值为特征，变化范围为１．１７～５９．７ｍｇ／ｍ２，冰藻生物量主要分布在冰底，冬季期间则集中在冰底或冰的中上层。藻类优势种较为单一，秋季优势种为Ｎｉｔｚｓｃｈｉａｌｅｃｏｉｎｔｅｉ、Ｎ．ｂａｒｋｌｅｙｉ和Ｎ．ｃｙｌｉｎｄｒｕｓ；春季优势种为Ａｍｐｈｉｐｒｏｒａｋｊｅｌｍａｎｉ，Ｂｅｒｋｅｌｅｙａｒｕｔｉｌａｎｓ和Ｎ．ｌｅｃｏｉｎｔｅｉ。中山站近岸冰藻生物量的垂直分布和季节变化以及春季优势种的组成与东南极其它固冰区具有较强的相似性，与亚南极固冰区差异较大。     

南极乔治王岛三种藓类的染色体观察

本文报道了南极乔治王岛３种藓类植物染色体的研究结果：１．钩枝镰刀藓［Ｄｒｅｐａｎｏｃｌａｄｕｓｕｎｃｉｎａｔｕｓ（Ｈｅｄｗ）Ｗａｖｒｓｔ．］的染色体数为１４；２．［Ｃｈｏｒｉｓｏｄｏｎｔｉｕｍａｃｉｐｈｙｌｕｍｇ（Ｈｏｏｋ．）ｅｔＷｉｌｓＢｒｏｔｈ．］的染色体数为１０；３．高山拟金发藓［Ｐｏｌｙｔｒｉｃｈａｓｔｒｕｍａｌｐｉｎｕｍ（Ｈｅｄｗ．）Ｇ．Ｓｍ．］的染色体数为７。     

南极乔治王岛三种地衣体元素组成及其分布的测定分析

将南极生长的南极石萝（ＵｓｎｅａａｎｔａｒｃｔｉｃａＤｕＲｉｅｔｚ）、蔟花石萝（Ｕｓｎｅａａｕｒａｎｔｉａｃｏ－ａｔｒａ（Ｊａｃｑ．）Ｂｏｒｙ．）和石蕊（Ｃｌａｄｏｎｉａｓｐ．）三种地衣分别对上部、中部和基部三部分作横切,用扫描电镜和能谱仪观察和测定各部位的表、间、中央各层的元素组成和相对含量,结果发现三种地衣体的组成元素基本相同;各部位的Ａｌ、Ｓｉ、Ｋ、Ｃａ四种元素的相对含量较高,Ｐ的相对含量相近;三种地衣体不同的部位、不同层的元素相对含量均不相同。研究结果对进一步探讨地衣体的结构和生理特点以及分析南极的地质环境均有重要意义     

南极普里兹湾柱样有孔虫研究

南极普里兹湾柱样ＮＰ９３２含有较多的有孔虫，其中浮游类占２６．３％，底栖类中砂质胶结类占５７．９％，为该柱的优势类群。底栖有孔虫组合以Ｍｉｌｉａｍｍｉｎａａｒｅｎａｃｅａ为典型代表，显示了深水砂质胶结相的面貌。浮游类群中暖与冷水种群的丰度变化，反映了所在海区气温的变化     

Holocene ostracoda and sedimentary environment implication in The core NG93－1 from the Great Wall Bay， Antarctica

蔡慧梅ＨｏｌｏｃｅｎｅｏｓｔｒａｃｏｄａａｎｄｓｅｄｉｍｅｎｔａｒｙｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔｉｍｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｉｎＴｈｅｃｏｒｅＮＧ９３－１ｆｒｏｍｔｈｅＧｒｅａｔＷａｌｌＢａｙ，Ａｎｔａｒｃｔｉｃａ￥ｃａｉｈｕｉｍｅｉ（ＳｏｕｔｈＣｈｉｎａＳｅａ...     

A Study of Foraminifera in the core NP93－2 from the prydz Bay， Antarctica

涂霞，郑范ＡＳｔｕｄｙｏｆＦｏｒａｍｉｎｉｆｅｒａｉｎｔｈｅｃｏｒｅＮＰ９３－２ｆｒｏｍｔｈｅｐｒｙｄｚＢａｙ，Ａｎｔａｒｃｔｉｃａ￥ＴｕＸｉａａｎｄＺｈｅｎｇＦａｎＡｌｓｏｕｔｈＣｈｉｎａＳｅａＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅＯｆＯｃｅａｎｏｌｏｇｙ，Ｃｈｉｎｅ...     

A diatom record of environmental change in Fryxell Basin,Taylor Valley,Antarctica, late Pleistocene to present

We present a diatom record from a sediment core taken in Lake Fryxell, Taylor Valley, Antarctica. Six zones were defined using diatom assemblage changes that indicate varying limnological conditions. The early lake stage, ca. 35,000 cal years BP, is characterized by Mayamea atomus f. permitis, a species rarely reported in modern Antarctic Dry Valley environments. An extended period from ca. 35,000 to 19,000 cal years BP is characterized by low diatom abundance, with dominant taxa Luticola spp., Muelleria spp., and Diadesmis contenta. The modern assemblage was established ca. 13,000 cal years BP, after two relatively brief transitional stages. One key species for this recent period, Navicula lineola var. perlepida, is absent in surface sediments and the modern environment, indicating an environmental change within the last several centuries. The diatom assemblage is compared to modern diatom communities in Dry Valley streams, which provide the most complete information on diatom distributions in this region. Although precise environmental interpretation of the core is hampered by limited knowledge of environmental constraints on many of the diatom taxa present in the lake core, the data provide important new insights into the history of Glacial Lake Washburn.     

Late Quaternary (24–10 ka BP) environmental history of the Neotropical lowlands inferred from ostracodes in sediments of Lago Petén Itzá, Guatemala

We inferred late Pleistocene and early Holocene (24–10 ka BP) environmental conditions in and around Lago Petén Itzá, Guatemala from ostracode remains in the lake sediments. Multivariate statistics were run on autecological information for 29 extant ostracode species collected in 63 aquatic ecosystems on the Yucatán Peninsula along a steep, increasing NW–S precipitation gradient and across a large altitudinal range. Conductivity and water depth are the most important factors that shape ostracode communities. Transfer functions were developed and applied to fossil ostracode assemblages in a ~76-m sediment core (PI-6, ~85 ka) taken in 71 m of water from Lago Petén Itzá, to infer past shifts in conductivity and water level. Results suggest climate was cold and wet during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Alternating dry and wet conditions characterized the deglacial. Early Holocene climate was warmer and wetter. The LGM was characterized by low ostracode species richness (4 spp.) and abundance (<940 valves g⁻¹), dominance of benthic over nektobenthic taxa, abundant Physocypria globula, conductivity as low as 190 μS cm⁻¹, and clay-rich sediments with relatively high total organic carbon and low C/N ratios (<14), suggesting relatively deeper water at the core site associated with abundant precipitation. Greatest water depth at the core site during the LGM occurred late in the period and was ~50 m. The deglacial was characterized by drier conditions, higher ostracode species richness (6 spp.) and abundances up to 18,115 valves g⁻¹, dominance of nektobenthic species, and presence of shallow-water and littoral-zone indicators such as Heterocypris punctata and Strandesia intrepida, conductivity up to 550 μS cm⁻¹, C/N ratios as high as 37, and gypsum deposition. Lowest inferred lake depth at the core site during the deglacial was ~20 m. The early Holocene was characterized by high numbers of ostracode remains, up to 25,500 valves g⁻¹, and the presence of L. opesta and P. globula. Cytheridella ilosvayi was absent from late Pleistocene sediments, suggesting it colonized northern Central America during the Holocene.     

Colonization and evolution of lakes on the central Norwegian coast following deglaciation and land uplift 9500 to 7800 years B.P.

Invertebrate colonization of lakes following the uplift of land from the sea was studied in four lakes, currently situated between 39 and 24 m a.s.l., on the central Norwegian coast. The lakes were isolated from the sea between 9500 and 7700 years B.P. Animal and algal remains picked from core samples showed that the first colonizers preserved as fossils were usually members of the Chironomidae, Daphnidae/Chydoridae, Acarina, Porifera (Ephydatia mülleri and Spongilla lacustris), Bryozoa (Cristatella mucedo and Plumatella spp.) and Charophyta (Chara sp.). Of the chironomids, the genus Chironomus was present in the oldest lacustrine layers of all four lakes, but other genera recorded at the marine/lacustrine boundary were Dicrotendipes, Procladius (?), Einfeldia, Microtendipes, and Glyptotendipes. Remains of the caddis fly family Limnephilidae were also present in the earliest lacustrine sediments in Kvennavatnet and Kvernavatnet. The oldest invertebrate fauna is typical for mesotrophic lakes. However, chironomids and mites have been present in this area from at least about 10?500 years B.P. A diverse chironomid community was established between 300 and 800 years after isolation from the sea at Kvernavatnet on the island of Hitra, while only between 80 and 120 years passed before a comparably diverse community developed at Kvennavatnet on the mainland coast. A similar development of the invertebrate fauna occurred in Kvennavatnet, Kvernavatnet and Storkuvatnet. However, Litjvatnet deviates greatly from the ‘normal’ pattern because a tsunami disturbed the bottom sediments and fauna. The tsunami, a gigantic sea wave, was caused by a submarine slide from the Norwegian continental slope. It reached Litjvatnet, today located 24 m a.s.l., but was not traced in Storkuvatnet at 30 m a.s.l. This event happened about 7200 years B.P.     

东南极、西南极4000年以来生物活动强度变化与南极冰芯的对比

利用南极中山站地区的冰退速率和奈拉湖湖相沉积物中的硫浓度分布特征推算了奈拉湖的沉积速度。以硫元素浓度作为湖相沉积物中生物活动强度的指标，对比了西南极长城站地区西湖沉积物和东南极中山站奈拉湖沉积物中生物活动强度的变化趋势，并与Ｄ１０冰芯中反映海洋生物活动强度的指标ＣＨ３ＳＯ－３的浓度变化趋势作对比。结果表明，４０００ａＢ．Ｐ．以来三者的历史变化趋势是明显一致的，１８５０～１１５０ａＢ．Ｐ．是生物活动的最宜期，这是全球环境变化在不同地点、不同类型沉积物中的表现。     

Cladocerans and chironomids as indicators of lake level changes in north temperate lakes

Water level fluctuations affect the size of the pelagic zone relative to the size of littoral habitats, and thus may influence the relative abundance of remains from planktonic and littoral cladocerans in sediment. The application of this planktonic/littoral ratio for the reconstruction of past water level changes is discussed using examples of: (1) surficial profundal sediments from lakes of different water depths; (2) Holocene variation in a profundal sediment core; (3) horizontal variation in surficial sediments within a lake; and (4) long term variation in an inshore sediment core. The latter seemed to be the most promising application of this ratio. Maximum effects of water depth changes on the lake fauna are expected in the littoral zone. It is, however, difficult to read this effect directly from subfossil cladoceran and chironomid assemblages from inshore sediments as shown by a sediment profile from a site exposed to a long term decrease of water depth.